Deck 9: Global Stratification

Question 1

_____ Weber _____ Marx viewed property as the only source of power.

A) Neither; nor
B) Both; and
C) Not; but
D) Notably; but not

Answer 1

C

Question 2

_____ refers to beliefs about the way things ought to be that justify social arrangements.

A) Social stratification
B) Ideology
C) Endogamy
D) Apartheid

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the estate stratification system of medieval Europe, which was one of the three groups or "estates"?

A) Soldiers
B) Clergy
C) Sociologists
D) Techies

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Gender is a basis of social stratification for ______ society(ies) in the world.

A) no
B) a few
C) many
D) every

Question 5

In some instances, slavery was

A) temporary.
B) sought after by the slaves.
C) not a case of people owning other people.
D) due to the owners being in debt to the slaves.

Question 6

Marx used the term class consciousness to refer to awareness of a common identity based on one's

A) race.
B) caste.
C) position in the means of production.
D) education level.

Question 7

The wealthiest 1% of adults worldwide own _____ of the Earth's wealth.

A) 12%
B) 29%
C) 46%
D) 88%

Question 8

What is the difference between bonded labor and slavery?

A) They are actually different terms for the same thing.
B) Bonded labor is entered into voluntarily (or arranged by parents).
C) Some people own other people in bonded labor.
D) Slavery is entered into voluntarily.

Question 9

In a class system, what is the main basis for social stratification?

A) Sexual orientation
B) Money
C) Appearance
D) Kindness

Question 10

Which of the following statements about slavery is true?

A) It is a product of modern times.
B) Racism is the usual basis for it.
C) It has been common throughout history.
D) It is always considered an inheritable condition.

Question 11

The bourgeoisie are

A) the proletariat.
B) capitalists.
C) Marx's term for socialists.
D) low in prestige.

Question 12

_____ Weber _____ Marx viewed property as significant in determining a person's standing in society.

A) Neither; nor
B) Both; and
C) Not; but
D) Notably; but not

Question 13

When workers identified with the interests of capitalists, Marx called it _____ class consciousness.

A) false
B) misguided
C) optimistic
D) budding

Question 14

A person's status is a lifelong condition determined by birth in

A) social democracy.
B) bonded labor.
C) a caste system.
D) all forms of social stratification.

Question 15

In Marx's theory, those who were exploited because they do not own the means of production were called the

A) bourgeoisie.
B) proletariat.
C) clergy
D) superclass.

Question 16

The tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth make up the

A) bourgeoisie.
B) proletariat.
C) means of production.
D) class consciousness.

Question 17

Weber believed that

A) property could bring prestige, but prestige could not bring property.
B) property could not bring prestige.
C) prestige could not bring property.
D) property could bring prestige, and prestige could bring property.

Question 18

The system of separating racial-ethnic groups that was practiced in South Africa was called

A) slavery.
B) bonded labor.
C) apartheid.
D) the caste system, which was imported from India.

Question 19

In endogamy, one

A) marries within one's group.
B) is forbidden to marry within one's group.
C) has multiple wives.
D) does not marry at all.

Question 20

_____ is the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige.

A) Social stratification
B) Bonded labor
C) Ideology
D) Caste system

Question 21

Most of the countries of the former Soviet Union and its former satellites in Eastern Europe fall into the category of the

A) Most Industrialized Nations.
B) Industrializing Nations.
C) Least Industrialized Nations.
D) Unclassified Nations.

Question 22

Over a century ago, Mosca said that

A) leadership requires inequalities of power.
B) it is possible for societies to exist without any organization.
C) people in power can be trusted not to use their positions to seize greater rewards for themselves.
D) in a just society, anyone can be a follower or a leader.

Question 23

In trying to synthesize the views of functionalist and conflict theorists, Lenski suggested that the concept of _____ is the key.

A) civility
B) surplus
C) merit
D) greed

Question 24

_____ stress that conflict, not function, is the reason that we have social stratification.

A) Conflict theorists
B) Functionalists
C) All sociologists of this century
D) Despite the name, no conflict theorists

Question 25

To maintain their power, elites attempt to _____ information.

A) freely distribute
B) honestly convey
C) shut off all
D) control

Question 26

In a meritocracy, all positions are awarded on the basis of

A) power.
B) social standing.
C) education level attained.
D) merit.

Question 27

Which category of nations has the most land?

A) Most Industrialized Nations
B) Industrializing Nations
C) Least Industrialized Nations
D) Most Populous Nations

Question 28

The research of David and Moore (1945, 1953) found that stratification of society is inevitable because

A) no positions are more important than the other positions.
B) qualified people are most important at the lower levels.
C) for society to function, its positions must be filled.
D) smaller rewards at the top will motivate qualified people.

Question 29

Which one of the following statements about new technology and the elite is true?

A) New technology makes it easier for the elite to control information.
B) New technology does not give the elite power tools for monitoring citizens like the old technology did.
C) New technology makes it harder for the elite to control information.
D) For the most part, the elite are unfamiliar with new technology.

Question 30

The _____ richest people in the world own as much of the world's wealth as the bottom half of the whole world's population.

A) 700
B) 422
C) 153
D) 85

Question 31

Which of the following is most effective in maintaining society's stratification?

A) Brute force
B) Controlling people's ideas
C) Control of food supplies
D) Elites without limits

Question 32

The main way the British perpetuate their class system from one generation to the next is through

A) education.
B) surveillance.
C) the absence of a middle class.
D) wealth.

Question 33

The divine right of kings asserts that the king's or queen's authority comes from

A) his or her forbears.
B) God.
C) the people.
D) his or her superior ability.

Question 34

Sixty percent of the world's population lives in the

A) Most Industrialized Nations.
B) Industrializing Nations.
C) Least Industrialized Nations.
D) Western Nations.

Question 35

_____ believe(s) that stratification exists because it is functional for society.

A) All sociologists
B) Functionalists
C) No one
D) Conflict theorists

Question 36

Medieval Europe provides an excellent example of elites maintaining stratification with

A) an iron fist.
B) monitoring.
C) soft control.
D) hard control.

Question 37

The terms that do not imply value judgments about some parts of the world while splitting it up into conceptual groups are

A) First, Second, and Third Worlds.
B) Most Industrialized, Industrializing, and Least Industrialized.
C) Best, Better, and Worst.
D) Developed, Developing, and Primitive.

Question 38

In the former Soviet Union, the main basis for ranking higher in the stratification system was

A) declaring that socialism was dead.
B) membership in the Communist party.
C) private wealth.
D) social class.

Question 39

In Qatar, a poet who criticized the ruling family in a poem was

A) invited to have a public debate with the family.
B) imprisoned for life.
C) invited to marry into the family.
D) sentenced to community service for a year.

Question 40

The United States, Canada, Great Britain, France, Japan, Australia, and other countries make up the

A) Most Industrialized Nations.
B) Industrializing Nations.
C) Least Industrialized Nations.
D) League of Nations.

Question 41

Discuss the "three Ps" of social class, according to Max Weber.

Question 42

Just by doing business normally, _____ help to maintain internal stratification.

A) local small businesses
B) multinational corporations
C) Industrializing Nations
D) small farmers

Question 43

According to sociologist Michael Harrington, when colonialism went out of style, it was replaced by

A) functionalism.
B) conflict theory.
C) multinational corporations.
D) neocolonialism.

Question 44

_____ assumes that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people.

A) Colonialism
B) The culture of poverty
C) Neocolonialism
D) World system theory

Question 45

The Oil-Rich, Nonindustrialized Nations, like Kuwait,

A) are part of the Least Industrialized Nations.
B) are distinct from the Least Industrialized Nations in their great wealth.
C) are part of the Most Industrialized Nations.
D) are part of the Industrializing Nations.

Question 46

Through the various means, global stratification

A) is easy to maintain.
B) will likely be protected in its present state forever.
C) is not easy to maintain.
D) will probably disappear in a few years.

Question 47

Describe India's caste system.

Question 48

"Core nations" and the "periphery" are part of

A) neocolonialism.
B) colonialism.
C) world system theory.
D) the Most Industrialized Nations.

Question 49

What is the global superclass?

Question 50

Describe the theory that colonialism explains how the world's nations became stratified.

Question 51

The heritage of neocolonialism

A) does not affect people in the West today.
B) can be found only in history books.
C) affects people in the West today, in the wars fought and terrorism coming from the affected areas.
D) is proudly claimed by the nations affected.

Question 52

_____ is the process by which one nation takes over another, usually in order to exploit its labor and natural resources.

A) Colonialism
B) The culture of poverty
C) World system theory
D) Capitalism

Question 53

Global domination

A) remains in the hands of the East.
B) may be on the verge of a major shift from West to East.
C) is shared democratically by the East and the West.
D) may be on the verge of a major shift from East to West.

Question 54

In the Least Industrialized Nations, _____ people are poor.

A) none
B) some
C) most
D) all

Question 55

Who receives the most and the least resources under the functionalist view? Under the conflict theory view?