Deck 20: Population and Urbanization

Question 1

The net migration rate is the

A) number of people who want to leave minus the number of people who actually do leave.
B) tip of the population pyramid.
C) difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants per 1,000 population.
D) measure of fecundity.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

_____ is a graph that represents the age and sex of a population.

A) Demography
B) Fecundity
C) A population pyramid
D) The fertility rate

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The _____ is the annual number of deaths per 1,000 population.

A) population curve
B) population pyramid
C) net death rate
D) crude death rate

Answer 3

D

Question 4

At around the time of the birth of Christ, there were about _____ people in the world.

A) 10,000
B) 55,000
C) 2 million
D) 300 million

Question 5

_____ is the process in which a country's population becomes smaller because its birth rate and immigration are too low to replace those who die and emigrate.

A) Population growth
B) Population shrinkage
C) Population stability
D) Demography

Question 6

Since the earth is so productive, why do people today die of hunger?

A) The earth produces too little food.
B) Particular places on earth lack food.
C) Africa is overpopulated.
D) The United States is overpopulated.

Question 7

Each day on Earth, if you subtract the number of people who die that day from the number of people born that day, the planet has approximately _____ more people.

A) 2,370
B) 23,700
C) 237,000
D) 2,370,000

Question 8

_____, which can be as high as 30, refers to the number of children a woman is capable of bearing.

A) Fertility
B) The population pyramid
C) Fecundity
D) The crude birth rate

Question 9

Demography is the study of the size, composition, growth (or shrinkage), and distribution of

A) animal species.
B) culture.
C) sociologists.
D) human populations.

Question 10

Following an exponential growth curve, growth

A) doubles during approximately equal time intervals, and then suddenly declines at an alarming pace.
B) triples during increasingly shorter time intervals, and then abruptly levels off.
C) triples during approximately equal time intervals, and then suddenly accelerates.
D) doubles during approximately equal time intervals, and then suddenly accelerates.

Question 11

The number of children that the average woman bears is known as

A) fecundity.
B) the fertility rate.
C) mortality.
D) the demographic transition.

Question 12

In stage one of the demographic transition,

A) the birth rate and death rate are more or less balanced.
B) births far outnumber deaths.
C) births drop, and deaths become more or less balanced.
D) deaths outnumber births.

Question 13

In which of the following countries do women give birth to the most children?

A) Singapore
B) The United States
C) Greece
D) Niger

Question 14

What was Thomas Malthus's theorem?

A) Food supply grows arithmetically, but population grows geometrically.
B) Both the food supply and the population grow geometrically.
C) Food supply grows geometrically, but population grows arithmetically.
D) Regardless of population growth, there will always be enough food to feed everyone.

Question 15

The annual number of live births per 1,000 population is

A) fecundity.
B) the crude birth rate.
C) fertility.
D) the crude population rate.

Question 16

How many stages does the demographic transition-as in Europe-have?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three or four
D) Seven

Question 17

One reason that people in the Least Industrialized Nations have so many children is that

A) they are irrational.
B) from a conflict perspective, men control women's reproductive choices.
C) nearly all of the children die young.
D) they are unaware that there is any alternative.

Question 18

Globally, where is the flow of migration?

A) From the Most Industrialized Nations to the Least Industrialized Nations
B) From the Least Industrialized Nations to other members of the Least Industrialized Nations
C) Between various countries within the Most Industrialized Nations
D) From the Least Industrialized Nations to the industrialized countries

Question 19

The three demographic variables that change the size of a population are

A) fertility, mortality, and net migration.
B) number of married couples, health status, and life goals.
C) fertility, mortality, and immigration.
D) fertility, mortality, and emigration.

Question 20

In which of the following countries do women give birth to the fewest children?

A) The United States
B) Poland
C) Chad
D) Somalia

Question 21

The most rural state in the United States is

A) Maine.
B) California.
C) New York.
D) Michigan.

Question 22

_____ is a large clustering of service facilities and residential areas near highway intersections that provides a sense of place to people who live, shop, and work there.

A) suburb
B) edge city
C) city
D) megaregion

Question 23

_____ merges megacities and nearby populated areas into an even larger mass of people.

A) edge city
B) metropolis
C) city
D) megaregion

Question 24

Approximately how many cities with over one million residents does the world presently have?

A) three
B) 24
C) 151
D) 500

Question 25

The U.S. Census Bureau divides the United States into 274

A) tax bases.
B) suburbs.
C) metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs).
D) sub-states.

Question 26

A _____ is a community located just outside of a city.

A) megalopolis
B) gentrified area
C) suburb
D) metropolis

Question 27

A reason that it is difficult to forecast population growth is that

A) the mathematics are unsound.
B) politicians tamper with it, rewarding more births or discouraging more births.
C) no one agrees on what the basic demographic equation is.
D) birth and death statistics are not kept.

Question 28

The reason that China has about 30 million fewer females than males under the age of 20 is

A) male infanticide.
B) girls are often not counted in official statistics.
C) "raising a boy is like watering someone else's plant."
D) female infanticide.

Question 29

Jim bought a foreclosed house in a rundown part of town. The price was a bargain. The place needed a great deal of fixing up, but it was located right smack in the middle of town. Others like him were also moving into the area and fixing up old houses. Jim was taking part in

A) building a suburb.
B) gentrification.
C) an edge city.
D) development of a megaregion.

Question 30

When a city has 10 million or more residents, it is a(n)

A) evolved city.
B) megacity.
C) megaregion.
D) metropolitan statistical area (MSA).

Question 31

A _____ is a place in which a large number of people are permanently based and do not produce their own food.

A) city
B) metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
C) suburb
D) megalopolis

Question 32

_____ refers to women bearing only enough children to reproduce the population.

A) Slow population growth
B) Negative population growth
C) Zero population growth
D) An inverted population pyramid

Question 33

A _____ is an urban area consisting of at least two metropolises and their many suburbs.

A) megacity
B) megaregion
C) city
D) megalopolis

Question 34

"Growth rate equals births minus deaths plus net migration" is the

A) basic demographic equation.
B) statistician's mantra.
C) crude birth rate.
D) crude migration rate.

Question 35

A central city surrounded by smaller cities and their suburbs is a(n)

A) megacity.
B) metropolis.
C) megaregion.
D) edge city.

Question 36

The growth rate

A) is always a positive number.
B) can be a negative number.
C) ignores migration.
D) can be a positive number or a negative number, but not zero.

Question 37

The world's largest megacity is

A) Tokyo.
B) New York.
C) Mexico City.
D) Mumbai.

Question 38

_____ describes the relationship between people and their environment, such as land and structures.

A) Environmentalism
B) The multiple-nuclei model
C) Invasion-succession cycle
D) Human ecology

Question 39

_____ is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities and has a growing influence on the culture.

A) Urbanization
B) Suburbanization
C) Urban decline
D) Gentrification

Question 40

In the process of _____, people move from cities to suburbs.

A) urbanization
B) gentrification
C) suburbanization
D) rural rebound

Question 41

Since the 1990s, world hunger has dropped 40%. With the enormous population increase since the 1990s, how was this possible?

Question 42

According to the principle of diffusion of responsibility, the _____ bystanders to an incident that there are, the _____ likely people are to help.

A) fewer; less
B) fewer; more
C) more; more
D) better armed; more

Question 43

_____ is a decision by a bank not to make loans in a particular area.

A) Urban renewal
B) Redlining
C) Disinvestment
D) Deindustrialization

Question 44

Are the Anti-Malthusians optimistic about our future? What do they believe?

Question 45

The sector model modified the concentric zone model by

A) excluding wholesale and light manufacturing.
B) placing sectors, like pie slices, that cut through the concentric zones.
C) excluding lower-class residential areas.
D) including upper-class residential areas.

Question 46

The result of the multiple-nuclei model is that

A) services are not spread evenly throughout the city.
B) heavy manufacturing is excluded.
C) the city has a single center.
D) services are spread evenly throughout the city.

Question 47

In the invasion-succession model, one group of people _____ another group whose racial-ethnic or social class characteristics differ from their own.

A) welcomes
B) rents housing to
C) intermarries with
D) displaces

Question 48

The _____ model shows the impact of radial highways on the movement of people and services away from the central city to the outskirts.

A) peripheral
B) multiple-nuclei
C) radial
D) sector

Question 49

Sociologist William Flanagan (1990) suggested three principles of public sociology to apply to go beyond replacing old buildings with new ones to building community. What are they?

Question 50

In the concentric zone model of Burgess (1925), commuters live in Zone

A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 5.

Question 51

Urban renewal, which rehabilitates a rundown area, usually results in

A) new job opportunities for the poor.
B) improved housing for the poor.
C) displacement of the poor who are living there.
D) an increase of the poor population in the renewed area.

Question 52

The term alienation was coined by

A) Max Weber.
B) Herbert Gans.
C) Homer Hoyt.
D) Karl Marx.

Question 53

_____, which use(s) economic incentives in a designated area to encourage investment, attract(s) businesses to an area.

A) Redlining
B) Enterprise zones
C) Urban renewal
D) Disinvestment

Question 54

Which five types of urban dwellers did Gans (1968, 1991) identify?

Question 55

Describe the historical development of cities.