Deck 45: Pediatric Disorders

Question 1

A child is suspected to have ventricular septal defect (VSD).The echocardiography report does not show any defect. Which diagnostic test will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider before confirming VSD?
1) Chest x-ray
2) Angiography
3) Electrocardiogram
4) Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Which diagnostic test is prescribed for better visualization of an atrial septal defect (ASD)?
1) Transesophageal electrocardiography
2) Doppler transthoracic echocardiography
3) Both A and B
4) X-ray

Answer 2

2

Question 3

Which cardiac defect in children is characterized by clubbing of the fingers?
1) Tetralogy of fallot
2) Atrial septal defect
3) Coarctation of the aorta
4) Ventricular septal defect

Answer 3

1

Question 4

Which fetal structure is involved in the flow of oxygenated blood to the atrium?
1) Foramen ovale
2) Ductus venosus
3) Ductus arteriosus
4) Superior vena cava

Question 5

A newborn presents with the symptoms of cyanosis, rapid breathing, and agitation. The chest x-ray shows a boot-shaped heart. Which immediate intervention does the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider?
1) Performing cardiac catheterization
2) Administering a low dose of intravenous digoxin
3) Inserting a pulmonary stent to open the ductus arteriosus
4) Performing interventional balloon dilation angioplasty

Question 6

A child with coarctation of the aorta (COA) is scheduled for a chest x-ray. Which observation in the x-ray report confirms the condition?
1) Inverted 3 sign
2) Areas of hyperinflation
3) Enlarged pulmonary artery
4) Lack of pulmonary circulation

Question 7

A newborn with a birth weight of 1000 grams is diagnosed with tracheoesophageal fistula. Which intervention will the nurse anticipate from the health-care provider after the diagnosis?
1) Perform cardiac catheterization.
2) Insert a gastrostomy tube.
3) Initiate therapy with indomethacin.
4) Repair the esophagus and trachea surgically.

Question 8

Which pathological condition exists in a newborn with myelomeningocele?
1) Biliary atresia
2) Hydrocephalus
3) Tracheoesophageal fistula
4) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 9

Why is it important to hospitalize a child with Reye syndrome in the intensive care unit, even if the child is conscious?
1) To maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
2) To monitor the child's level of consciousness
3) To provide mechanical ventilation to the child
4) To provide physical therapy

Question 10

Which diagnostic test will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider to confirm ventricular hypertrophy in a client with coarctation of the aorta (COA)?
1) Chest x-ray
2) Electrocardiogram
3) Echocardiography
4) Computerized Tomography scan

Question 11

The chest x-ray report of a premature neonate shows an enlarged pulmonary artery with increased pulmonary vascularity. Which action will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider to treat the neonate?
1) Placement of a stent
2) Initiation of digoxin therapy
3) Administration of indomethacin
4) Insertion of a transcatheter occlusion device

Question 12

In a child with hydrocephalus, the primary health-care provider performs surgical intervention and places an internal shunt. How will this intervention help to resolve the child's condition?
1) By decreasing the intracranial pressure
2) By preventing infection and further damage to the spinal cord
3) By maintaining neurotransmitter levels in the brain
4) By decreasing the blood flow to the cranium

Question 13

A 2-year-old child has an atrial septum defect. Cardiac catheterization has been performed and a transcatheter occlusion device has been placed in the defect. What would be the expected outcome after the procedure?
1) Increased contractility of the heart
2) Closure of the ductus arteriosus
3) Dilation of the right pulmonary artery
4) Growth of heart tissue around the device

Question 14

Which factor is the key for successful treatment in a child with congenital talipes equinovarus?
1) Compliance with wearing casts
2) Compliance with wearing braces
3) Compliance with undergoing physiotherapy
4) Compliance with wearing a splint

Question 15

The blood lead level of a child is 7 $\mu$ g/dL. The primary health-care provider prescribed intravenous edentate calcium-disodium (EDTA) and intramuscular dimercaprol to the child. Which outcome indicates that the medications are effective?

A) The child demonstrates good math and reading skills.
B) The child no longer appears confused or delirious.
C) The child breathes freely without any discomfort.
D) None of the above

Question 16

The nurse observes that an infant's ocular globes are deviated downward and the upper eyelids are retracted. Which condition would the nurse suspect in the infant?
1) Meningocele
2) Omphalocele
3) Gastroschisis
4) Hydrocephalus

Question 17

A child's mother tells the nurse, "Recently, my child is lethargic, delirious, confused and always complains of sleeplessness." The nurse palpates the child's abdomen and finds that the liver is enlarged. Which disorder will the nurse suspect in the child?
1) Scoliosis
2) Reye syndrome
3) Fetal alcohol syndrome
4) Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Question 18

A newborn is diagnosed with congenital hip dysplasia. The hip x-ray report shows that the pelvic bone of the newborn is partially dislocatable. How should the primary health-care provider convey this finding to the parents?
1) "An abnormal placement of the hip bone can be stabilized within one month."
2) "A removable brace should be used immediately to keep the child's hips abducted and flexed."
3) "A non-invasive surgery should be performed immediately to reposition the child's hip."
4) "A specially molded plaster cast will be placed around the child's hip for six months."

Question 19

After observing that a child with Tetralogy of Fallot has severe shortness of breath, the nurse immediately positions the child in the squatting position. How will this position help to resolve the child's condition?
1) By increasing the arterial blood pressure
2) By decreasing the resistance in the first section of the aorta
3) By activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
4) By increasing the peripheral vascular resistance against the left ventricle

Question 20

In a client with low cognitive ability, the primary health-care provider performs the fingerstick capillary lead level and identifies that the lead levels are high. Which action will the nurse expect from the primary health-care provider in the follow-up visit, after the initial assessment?
1) Ordering a determination test to determine lead levels in the client's venous blood
2) Prescribing intravenous edentate calcium-disodium (EDTA) for the client
3) Prescribing intramuscular dimercaprol for the client
4) Performing a cognitive-function test for the client

Question 21

Which organs or parts of the fetus develop during the 5^th week of pregnancy?
1) Arms
2) Brain
3) Heart
4) Genitals
5) Spinal cord

Question 22

Which diagnostic test is the most reliable in detecting myelomeningocele in utero?
1) Ultrasound
2) Echocardiogram
3) Estimation of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid
4) Exploratory laparoscopy
5) Estimation of acetyl cholinesterase levels in amniotic fluid

Question 23

The primary health-care provider suspects congenital hip dysplasia after observing Ortolani signs in a newborn. Which diagnostic tests will the nurse expect from the primary health-care provider to confirm congenital hip dysplasia in the child?
1) X-ray
2) Pelvic ultrasound
3) Pelvic bone biopsy
4) Magnetic Resonance Imaging
5) Computerized Tomography scan

Question 24

Which diagnostic tests would the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider for the initial diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta in a client?
1) X-ray
2) Bone biopsy
3) Genetic testing
4) Pelvic ultrasound
5) Computerized tomography scan

Question 25

Which signs in a child with bronchiolitis will help the nurse understand that the disorder has become severe?
1) Rapid breathing
2) High-pitched sound on inspiration
3) Blockage of the nasal cavity with mucus
4) Use of accessory muscles for breathing
5) Crackle sounds while breathing