Deck 17: Treatment of Mental Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is not a common theme of the many schools of psychotherapy?

A) self-knowledge
B) interpersonal learning
C) emotional defusing
D) use of drugs
E) use of a step-by-step process

Answer 1

use of drugs

Question 2

Kim is convinced that classical psychoanalysis is not the right treatment for her. On further investigation she finds several alternatives to classical psychoanalysis, which include __________.

A) neo-Freudian psychoanalysis
B) behavior therapy
C) humanistic therapy
D) all of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

The various forms of psychotherapy share many common factors, meaning that there are several mechanisms that are at work regardless of the theoretical form of psychotherapy. However, presumed differences concerning the goal of therapy exist. In psychoanalysis, the primary mechanism through which treatment works is believed to be one of the following:

A) Long-buried conflicts are uncovered and resolved.
B) New adaptive behaviors are learned.
C) Childhood events prior to ages 3 to 4 are remembered.
D) The patient learns to view his impulses as unacceptable.

Answer 3

Long-buried conflicts are uncovered and resolved.

Question 4

As Dr. Jones and his patient Amy begin psychoanalysis, which of the following describes an important and therapeutically relevant aspect of their relationship?

A) catharsis
B) transference
C) resistance
D) none of the above

Question 5

Freud believed that he could exploit certain tendencies in his patients as a way of gaining insight into their unconscious. In which of the following ways could his relationship with his patients serve the function of revealing information about them without the patient consciously volunteering this information?

A) One symptom disappears and is replaced by another.
B) The patient reacts to the analyst as though she were some other important person in his life.
C) Previously unconscious wishes and fears shift to a conscious level.
D) The analyst tries to behave like a parent to the patient.

Question 6

A significant amount of research has examined which specific types of treatment appear to work best for which specific conditions, and has also studied whether types of training or theoretical orientation appear to influence outcome. In considering the most important factors influencing whether individuals worldwide with mental disorders are receiving optimal care, it is probably most relevant that __________.

A) psychotherapy generally does not help most people
B) mental disorders will ultimately be best treated by drugs, once the appropriate medications have been developed
C) about 90% of people worldwide with mental disorders do not have access to treatment
D) the majority of people with mental disorders do not wish to be treated

Question 7

Gina has been experiencing transference during her psychoanalysis with Dr. Gavin. This means that she __________.

A) resists bringing unconscious feelings into consciousness
B) experiences an explosive release of repressed emotions
C) treats the therapist like she once treated a significant figure in her personal life.
D) shifts formerly unconscious wishes and impulses into consciousness in order to deal with them
E) none of the above

Question 8

According to classical and neo-Freudian psychoanalysts, what is the key to a neurosis?

A) the conflict between the patient and her parents
B) the hidden sexual desires of the patient
C) unconscious conflicts
D) a struggle between the id and the ego

Question 9

Significant transformation in the treatment of those with mental disorders occurred as the result of the efforts of figures such as Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix. The unifying theme of their efforts was __________.

A) an insistence on biomedical explanations for mental disorders
B) the dignity and rights of the mentally disordered
C) the need to focus on psychological rather than biological contributions
D) an emphasis on the spiritual dimensions that contributed to mental disorders

Question 10

Psychoanalytically oriented therapists focus on __________, whereas behavior therapists focus on __________.

A) doing; understanding
B) feeling; action
C) understanding; doing
D) present; past

Question 11

Now that Stacy is beginning to undergo classical Freudian psychoanalysis, her analyst, in keeping with psychoanalytic principles, has asked her not to __________.

A) have sex
B) make major life decisions
C) drink alcohol
D) read up on psychoanalytic theory

Question 12

Mark has been suffering from both depression and anxiety and would very much like to receive psychotherapy. However, he lives in a remote part of Montana, and the nearest clinician is more than 3 hours away, making face-to-face therapy impractical. Mark could probably benefit from which recent development in provision of therapy?

A) Internet-based therapy
B) Fax-based psychoanalysis
C) self-guided hypnosis
D) virtual-reality therapy

Question 13

Dr. Kore is a psychotherapist who stresses the influence of interpersonal and cultural factors in psychotherapy. She also emphasizes the current situation facing her client rather than the past. Dr. Kore believes that understanding comes through insight into unconscious processes. From this description, what type of therapy does Dr. Kore seem to practice?

A) classical psychoanalytic
B) neo-Freudian
C) existential
D) cognitive
E) client-centered

Question 14

After deciding against traditional psychoanalysis, Brook has selected interpersonal therapy to treat her depression. She was convinced by the assumptions and approaches of this treatment, which __________.

A) combines aspects of psychodynamic and cognitive therapies
B) argues that depression is maintained by self-imposed social isolation
C) teaches patients new and better ways of interacting and communicating
D) all of the above

Question 15

Dr. Zinn has both a Ph.D in clinical psychology and an M.D., with a specialization in psychiatry, and has 35 years of experience in treating patients. Ms. Fielden has a master's degree in social work and has been treating patients for just 6 months. In attempting to decide which clinician to see to treat her anxiety problems, it would be useful for Erin to know that __________.

A) better outcomes are associated with clinicians who have both an M.D. and Ph.D.
B) better outcomes occur when the clinician has many years of experience
C) better outcomes occur when the clinician is fresh out of training
D) outcomes are not strongly associated with either the degree or length of experience of the clinician

Question 16

The long-term prognosis for those with schizophrenia is __________.

A) better in developing countries than it is in the United States
B) worse in developing counties than it is in the United States
C) quite good if patients take their medicine regularly
D) quite good if the illness begins early in life

Question 17

After reviewing different options to treat his anxiety and mood problems, Jason has decided to pursue psychotherapy. This means that he will be relying on __________.

A) all attempts to treat mental disorders
B) all treatment aimed at exposing unconscious conflicts
C) a form of treatment using psychological rather than biological methods
D) treatment of symptoms rather than of causes

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding psychotherapy for different cultural groups is true?

A) Modern therapeutic approaches are general enough to meet the needs of members of most cultural communities.
B) The goals of therapy must often be modified to conform to the patient's cultural values.
C) Many cultural groups have developed unique therapeutic approaches of their own, some of which are being adopted by mainstream therapists.
D) All of the above answers are correct.

Question 19

In his therapy with his patient, Dr. Jones focuses much of his attention on transference, which is defined as __________.

A) uncovering repressed memories
B) using energy in more socially acceptable ways
C) the tendency to respond to the clinician as if they were one's parents
D) the need to transfer care from one clinician to another, every year or so

Question 20

In choosing a form of therapy, the best strategy is to focus on what works. In fact, as current practice reveals, __________.

A) problems rooted in biological dysfunction can be treated effectively with psychotherapy
B) problems that are situational can be treated effectively with drugs
C) the prognosis is strongest when patients are allowed to dictate the form of therapy
D) both a and b are correct
E) a, b, and c are correct

Question 21

Jennifer is terrified of insects. She will not walk on grass or go into any areas with trees. If Dr. Joseph Wolpe, the well-known behavioral therapist, were treating this phobia, which technique would he most likely use?

A) systematic desensitization
B) flooding
C) aversion therapy
D) modeling

Question 22

Knowing that Jennifer's phobia of cats is being treated using systematic desensitization therapy, we can infer that the fear-evoking stimulus (the cat) will __________.

A) be handled by the patient
B) be shown to the patient, by surprise
C) not need to be physically present in the clinic room
D) be replaced by an object that symbolizes the cat

Question 23

Joseph Wolpe typically constructed a(n) __________ to help clients deal with a fear gradually.

A) cognitive schema
B) relaxation chamber
C) anxiety hierarchy
D) panic scale

Question 24

Cognitive therapists typically attempt to change their clients' __________.

A) unconscious motives
B) overt behaviors
C) maladaptive beliefs
D) unpleasant emotions

Question 25

Scott is about to start systematic desensitization for his phobia of snakes. What is the basic goal of this technique?

A) The client learns to face his fear regardless of how scared it makes him feel.
B) The client associates a state of relaxation with fear-evoking stimuli.
C) The client systematically overcomes a fear by coming in contact with it every day.
D) The client forms a series of visual images that can be used during a fear-evoking situation.

Question 26

Systematic desensitization is most useful in treating __________.

A) mania
B) free-floating anxiety
C) depression
D) phobias

Question 27

Because Dr. Arias is a behavior therapist, which of the following would she be least interested in addressing when treating her patients?

A) past history
B) current circumstances
C) unconscious thoughts
D) overt behavior

Question 28

Behavior therapy is largely based on the principle(s) of __________.

A) Freudian psychoanalysis
B) operant and classical conditioning
C) humanistic philosophy and practice
D) psychopharmacology

Question 29

Which of the following is a behavior therapy technique?

A) client-centered therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) contingency management
D) rational-emotive therapy

Question 30

In order to help her clients work toward self-acceptance, Dr. Rogers creates an atmosphere that is nonjudgmental and that is accepting of the client's thoughts, behaviors, wishes, and fears. By providing a nonjudgmental and accepting stance, Dr. Rogers is providing __________.

A) unconditional positive regard
B) empathic understanding
C) genuineness
D) insight

Question 31

When a patient who fears bridges is asked to drive over a real bridge by himself, this form of treatment is referred to as __________.

A) in vivo desensitization
B) systematic desensitization
C) aversion therapy
D) contingency management

Question 32

Behavior therapists often attempt to use classical conditioning or operant conditioning principles and techniques to acquire or increase desired behaviors, or extinguish or decrease undesired behaviors. Another behavioral approach to altering behaviors that is distinct from both operant and classical conditioning is __________.

A) psychoanalysis
B) unconditional positive regard
C) modeling
D) cognitive restructuring

Question 33

If Adena is going to be undergoing systematic desensitization for her phobia of elevators, which of the following would not be included in the treatment?

A) muscular relaxation
B) free association
C) a list of anxiety-provoking stimuli
D) counterconditioning

Question 34

Cognitive therapy was originally developed by __________ as a treatment for __________.

A) Pavlov; habituation
B) Skinner; neurosis
C) Freud; sexual dysfunction
D) Beck; depression

Question 35

In systematic desensitization, fear-producing stimuli are associated with __________.

A) learned helplessness
B) increased motor activity
C) muscular relaxation
D) aggressive responses

Question 36

Systematic desensitization is __________.

A) a therapy derived from encounter group or sensitivity training techniques
B) a modification of psychoanalysis
C) a major goal of rational-emotive therapy
D) none of the above

Question 37

Dr. Ahman, a behavior therapist, has a client who cannot seem to stick with his exercise program. Which behavior therapy technique would Dr. Ahman most likely use to get his client to increase his exercising?

A) flooding
B) modeling
C) extinction
D) contingency management

Question 38

In his therapy sessions, Dr. Flynn offers his clients genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding, with the goal of having the patient accept himself or herself fully. Dr. Flynn is most likely using a(n) __________.

A) behavioral approach
B) humanistic approach
C) psychodynamic approach
D) existential approach

Question 39

Bob is so afraid of cars he cannot leave his home. If a therapist who practices the therapeutic techniques of Dr. Joseph Wolpe were treating Bob, what would she likely recommend as a first step?

A) expose the client to a busy downtown area
B) ask the client to report any cognition he has about cars
C) try to determine what cars might symbolize to the client
D) construct an anxiety hierarchy of feared situations

Question 40

Both __________ are therapies that are based on principles derived from classical conditioning.

A) transference and resistance
B) in vivo desensitization and systematic desensitization
C) applied tolerance therapy and free association
D) none of the above

Question 41

David is being treated for depression with electroconvulsive therapy, designed to alter brain functioning, while Matt is undergoing brain surgery to lesion a small area of the brain that is contributing to his obsessive-compulsive disorder. These treatments are both forms of __________.

A) drug therapy
B) biological therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) psychotherapy

Question 42

Katie is being instructed in how to identify her automatic thoughts and to dispute her illogical and self-destructive thinking patterns. What form of therapy is she likely involved in?

A) existential
B) interpersonal
C) cognitive
D) emotional defusing

Question 43

Gary attends Alcoholics Anonymous for his alcohol problems and has been sober for 23 years. AA would be considered a(n) __________.

A) invalid treatment because it is not led by a professional
B) superior treatment to any psychologist-led group
C) shared problem group
D) form of existential therapy

Question 44

Cognitive therapy has been extended to treat which of the following disorders?

A) bipolar disorder
B) schizophrenia
C) personality disorders
D) all of the above

Question 45

Benjamin Rush was one of the founders of American psychiatry. His assorted treatment practices, circa the 18th century, included __________.

A) twirling patients on special devices at speeds that rendered them unconscious
B) submerging patients in hot or cold water until they almost drowned
C) making patients retain their feces for as long as a month
D) both a and b

Question 46

In her work as both a couples and family therapist, Rebecca believes that one of the most important factors to consider is __________.

A) the differences between man and woman, parent and child
B) the lack of communication between family members
C) the relationships within the family system
D) the problems of each individual family member

Question 47

Thorazine and Haldol are __________.

A) antidepressants
B) antipsychotics
C) sedatives
D) none of the above

Question 48

In her work as a therapist, what role will Karla primarily play in cognitive therapy?

A) She is merely a sounding board for the client, who is provided a safe means of confronting sensitive issues.
B) She attempts to cause the client to have an anxiety attack in a setting where it can be controlled and studied.
C) She plays the role of a sympathetic Socrates who asks questions to show the client that certain thoughts are irrational.
D) She asks a series of very personal questions to desensitize the client and facilitate discussion of sometimes embarrassing problems.

Question 49

Devon has a strong aversion to any form of biological therapy, but is suffering from a mental disorder. Which of the following would be a nonbiological treatment?

A) the use of drugs
B) electroconvulsive shock
C) psychoanalysis
D) brain surgery

Question 50

What is a psychotropic drug?

A) a drug that causes psychosis
B) a drug used to alleviate psychological symptoms
C) a drug used for treating psychosis
D) a drug used for treating mania

Question 51

Lithium carbonate is used to treat __________.

A) depression
B) bipolar disorders
C) dissociative disorders
D) schizophrenia

Question 52

A common side effect of SSRI antidepressants is __________.

A) reduced sexual desire or response
B) hallucination
C) reduced blood clotting
D) throat irritation and susceptibility to bronchial infection

Question 53

In contrast with his psychodynamically oriented colleagues, Craig's work as a cognitive therapist deals primarily with teaching __________.

A) the client to recall traumatic events from childhood
B) the mind to react positively to stressful situations
C) mind and body relaxation techniques
D) the client to identify and change maladaptive patterns of thinking

Question 54

What do many couples and family therapists see as their primary task in providing therapy?

A) They want to improve the dynamic within the couple or family system.
B) They want to make each member recognize each other's individuality.
C) They want to open the lines of effective communication.
D) They want to encourage personal growth for each member.

Question 55

A therapist explains to a client, "Dizziness occurs when there is a sudden drop in blood pressure. The shortness of breath you feel is the result of a slight biochemical change in your body. These physical changes occur when you overemphasize the importance of making a good impression." This therapist seems to be using __________ to explain a panic attack to client.

A) the medical model
B) systematic desensitization
C) a biological therapy
D) cognitive therapy

Question 56

Dr. Grave has decided on an eclectic approach to conducting therapy, which means that his approaches involves __________.

A) focusing on specific techniques, rather than achieving a particular therapeutic result
B) combining techniques from a variety of different approaches
C) using conditioning techniques to achieve insight into unconscious processes
D) none of the above

Question 57

Antipsychotic drugs are not the perfect treatment for schizophrenia. For example, __________.

A) because of their side effects, many patients do not reliably take their medications.
B) about 97% of patients taking medication regularly have further outbreaks of the illness requiring hospitalization.
C) antipsychotics are ineffective in about 80% of schizophrenic patients.
D) all of the above

Question 58

The growth of couples and family therapy has paralleled which of the following in America?

A) the declining socioeconomic status of many Americans
B) the increasing divorce rate and single-parent households
C) the increasing number of teenage pregnancies
D) the rapidly changing roles of men and women in society

Question 59

One way in which group therapy may be more effective than individual therapy is that __________.

A) the individual client gets much more personalized attention
B) the group provides on-the-spot practice in interpersonal skills
C) group therapists typically use a client-centered approach
D) each patient learns that she is special and unique

Question 60

Dr. Cohen is working with patients who have borderline personality disorder by using dialectical behavior therapy techniques. This treatment draws from principles of cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, and psychodynamic therapies, and is therefore a(n) __________.

A) invalid form of therapy
B) eclectic or multimodal therapy
C) chaotic approach
D) superior approach to any individual therapy

Question 61

While Patricia is attempting to decide whether to use medications rather than behavior therapy to treat her phobia of flying, which of the following considerations would be relevant?

A) Medications do not typically permanently "cure" a mental disorder.
B) Some medications may have unpleasant side effects.
C) It may take significant time to establish the desired therapeutic dosage.
D) All of the above.

Question 62

After learning that Catherine is being treated with lithium carbonate, we can safely assume that she has experienced __________.

A) general paresis
B) senility
C) a manic episode
D) schizophrenia

Question 63

Tracy is debating whether to try MAOIs or tricyclics to treat her depression. In what way are MAOIs and tricyclics very similar in terms of their effect on neurochemistry?

A) They both block dopamine transmission.
B) They both block serotonin transmission.
C) They both augment dopamine transmission.
D) They both increase norepinephrine and serotonin transmission.

Question 64

Many schizophrenics do not take their drugs because of the enormous array of side effects that they produce, some of them irreversible. Which of the following is not one of these side effects?

A) cardiac irregularities
B) blurred vision
C) a curiously inexpressive, masklike face
D) incontinence

Question 65

Why were tricyclic antidepressants used more frequently than were MAOIs?

A) They clearly were more effective than were MAOIs.
B) They were more difficult than MAOIs to kill yourself with via overdose.
C) They had a quicker onset of action than did MAOIs.
D) MAOIs required patients to obey strict dietary restrictions.

Question 66

Gina was one of the first patients to start using Prozac. Which features distinguish Prozac from earlier types of antidepressants that Gina could also have used?

A) It was designed to act primarily on serotonin and minimally on norepinephrine.
B) It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
C) It is just as effective against symptoms of depression as the tricyclics and MAO inhibitors.
D) All of the above answers are correct.

Question 67

Bridget was suffering from depression when the first two classes of antidepressants were developed; if she was prescribed an antidepressant during this time period, it would have been one of which of the following?

A) SSRIs or MAOIs
B) tricyclics or SSRIs
C) tricyclics or MAOIs
D) SSRIs or GABA inhibitors

Question 68

Antipsychotic drugs have drawbacks as well as advantages when they are used to treat schizophrenia; for example, these drugs __________.

A) relieve symptoms only while they are being taken
B) neither cure the disease nor alter its progress
C) have serious side effects
D) all of the above

Question 69

Benjamin has been taking classical antipsychotics for his schizophrenia, and these drugs have been somewhat effective in reducing the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. However, as with most patients they do not seem to effectively __________.

A) reduce negative symptoms
B) reduce hallucinations
C) reduce disorganized behavior
D) reduce disorganized speech

Question 70

Steve's daughter is about to receive treatment after being diagnosed with schizophrenia. Steve wants to make sure he understands how effective antipsychotic medications are. Which of the following most accurately summarizes research about the efficacy of antipsychotic medications?

A) They can cure schizophrenia in 50% of cases.
B) They can alter the progress of schizophrenia as a disease.
C) They can diminish some symptoms in some people, some of the time.
D) They provide 100% cure when the family of the schizophrenic individual is supportive and caring.

Question 71

Gerald is pleased to learn that there are new drugs that he can take for his bipolar disorder instead of lithium. However, he is surprised to learn that these drugs were initially invented to treat __________.

A) panic attacks
B) epilepsy
C) heart failure
D) tuberculosis

Question 72

Glenn is very much captivated by the description of a newer, atypical antipsychotic because it is claimed that, unlike the older classic antipsychotics, the atypical antipsychotics __________.

A) are longer-lasting
B) reduce both positive and negative symptoms
C) have zero side effects
D) all of the above

Question 73

Joshua recently began taking __________ to treat his episodes of mania.

A) imipramine
B) lithium carbonate
C) chlorpromazine
D) dopamine

Question 74

Dylan is receiving medication for his affective disorder. Which of the following would he most likely be taking?

A) insulin
B) phenothiazine
C) chlorpromazine
D) tricyclics

Question 75

The theory behind why antipsychotic drugs seem to work focuses on which neurotransmitter system?

A) GABA
B) dopamine
C) acetylcholine
D) norepinephrine

Question 76

New atypical antidepressants such as Wellbutrin are now flooding the marketplace. This particular drug is popular because, according to its manufacturer, it __________.

A) has no negative sexual side effects
B) curbs nicotine cravings
C) is super-potent as a serotonin potentiator
D) both a and b

Question 77

What do your textbook's authors suggest is the most commonly used anxiolytic?

A) Haldol
B) Klonopin
C) alcohol
D) none of the above

Question 78

Which of the following statements about anxiolytics is false?

A) They usually work by increasing neurotransmission at synapses containing GABA.
B) They are particularly useful for long-term treatment.
C) They tend to be highly addictive.
D) They interact dangerously with alcohol.

Question 79

Mary's psychiatrist is deciding whether to use Thorazine or Haldol to treat her symptoms. It is likely that Mary's psychiatric diagnosis is __________.

A) schizophrenia
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) major depression

Question 80

Which of the following statements regarding MAO inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants is true?

A) Both increase the amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin available for synaptic transmission.
B) MAO inhibitors are prescribed less than tricyclics because MAO inhibitors require dietary restrictions.
C) These drugs are effective treatments for about 65% of depressed patients.
D) All of the above statements are true.