Deck 13: Social Psychology

Question 1

When members of the personnel department at a company conduct hiring interviews, they listen to applicants' explanations for their performance at previous positions. They make inferences about the reasons applicants did what they did; in other words, the personnel officers are __________.

A) conducting an analysis of personality
B) attempting to eliminate their unconscious biases
C) forming stereotypes
D) making attributions

Answer 1

making attributions

Question 2

Mukul grew up in India, which is a very collectivist society, whereas Mary grew up in the United States, which is very individualist. We can assume that, compared to Mary, Mukul will demonstrate much more __________.

A) interdependence
B) self-reliance
C) focus on others' needs, desires, and emotions
D) all of the above

Answer 2

interdependence

Question 3

When wives make attributions about their husbands, they are drawing conclusions about questions such as __________.

A) Why does he look like that?
B) Why did he wind up possessing the attributes that he does?
C) Why did he do that?
D) Why are men so different from women?

Answer 3

Why did he do that?

Question 4

People tend to describe a person who is unemployed as "lazy" or a "loser." Ascribing people's behavior to their nature rather than to their situation is called __________.

A) illusory correlation
B) in-group favoritism
C) self-handicapping
D) the fundamental attribution error

Question 5

In the quizmaster study, __________.

A) consistent with the predictions of the fundamental attribution error, research participants who were randomly chosen to ask tough questions were viewed as being as knowledgeable as those who were randomly chosen to answer the questions
B) consistent with the predictions of the fundamental attribution error, research participants who were randomly chosen to ask tough questions were viewed as more knowledgeable than those who were randomly chosen to answer the questions
C) contrary to the predictions of the fundamental attribution error, research participants who were randomly chosen to ask tough questions were viewed as being as knowledgeable as those who were randomly chosen to answer the questions
D) contrary to the predictions of the fundamental attribution error, research participants who were randomly chosen to ask tough questions were viewed as more knowledgeable than those who were randomly chosen to answer the questions

Question 6

Two research participants read a story about a waiter who maintains his cool in the face of a very rude customer. Asked to explain the waiter's behavior, person A says that a crucial part of the waiter's job is to accept mistreatment from customers. Person B says that the waiter is a very secure, unflappable person. Most likely __________.

A) both participants are from individualist cultures
B) person A is falling prey to the fundamental attribution error
C) person A is from a collectivist culture, and person B is from an individualist culture
D) person A is from an individualist culture, and person B is from a collectivist culture

Question 7

After failing an exam, Timmy exclaims that the questions were too difficult and that his professor is terrible. What type of attribution is Timmy making for his failure?

A) situational
B) dispositional
C) emotional
D) physical

Question 8

A study made use of a vignette describing a motorcycle accident in which a driver did less than he might have to help another person. How did European Americans participating in the study tend to explain the driver's behavior?

A) by saying it must have been the driver's duty to be at work
B) by saying that the injuries to the person needing help must not have looked very serious
C) by saying the driver was "obviously irresponsible"
D) by saying the driver must not have noticed the person needing help

Question 9

When given a series of vignettes and asked to explain the behavior of the individuals described in the vignettes, Rena, a woman from India, is found not to display the fundamental attribution error. She most likely lacks this bias because __________.

A) she is a woman
B) she is well educated
C) she is naturally agreeable
D) she is from a collectivistic culture

Question 10

Kevin is attempting to decide whether his brother impulsively spent his entire paycheck on a wild night on the town because he had been under a lot of stress at work or because he was irresponsible. In other words, Kevin was deciding whether to make a __________ or __________ attribution

A) dispositional; rational
B) situational; dispositional
C) rational; situational
D) rational; emotional

Question 11

Wei is from China and Peter is from the United States. Regarding their decisions about where to go to college, which of the following is true?

A) Wei is likely to give more weight to his parents' advice than is Peter.
B) Peter is likely to give more weight to his parents' advice than is Wei.
C) Wei and Peter will both give the most weight to what they want to major in and the quality of that major at each of the schools they are considering.
D) Peter is more likely to choose a school close to his family and friends than is Wei.

Question 12

A study made use of a vignette describing a motorcycle accident in which a driver did less than he might have to help another person. How did Hindu Indians tend to explain the driver's behavior?

A) by calling him rude
B) by saying he must have been in a state of shock
C) by saying it must have been the driver's duty to be at work
D) by saying the driver must not have noticed the person needing help

Question 13

The fundamental attribution error is __________.

A) taking a behavior as a sign of internal dispositions and downplaying obvious or potential situational determinants
B) placing too much weight on situational determinants in making attributions for behavior
C) the tendency to see conformity in behavior across situations as based on an inferred internal disposition
D) overemphasizing the role of chance in determining behavior

Question 14

Because of the fundamental attribution error, when David attempts to determine why Matt behaved as he did, David tends to __________.

A) be equally likely to infer situational or dispositional causes
B) infer dispositional causes more readily than situational causes
C) infer situational causes more readily than dispositional causes
D) overlook both situational and dispositional causes in assigning reasons for behavior

Question 15

Regina lives in a __________ culture, and so she strives to stand out by achieving personal goals. She also regularly neglects social obligations in order to pursue her own path in life.

A) collectivistic
B) agrarian
C) matriarchal
D) individualistic

Question 16

Assume Mark never does what he says he's going to do, and you explain that by calling him "undependable." In this case, you have made a(n) __________.

A) collectivistic attribution
B) dispositional attribution
C) situational attribution
D) illusory correlation

Question 17

Mark has made the fundamental attribution error in trying to explain why Julie was angry with him earlier in the day. This means that he __________.

A) overemphasized the fact that she was tired
B) ignored the fact that she is a kind-hearted person
C) assumed that her behavior was caused by the same factors that cause his anger
D) ignored the fact that she was tired because she had been up with a sick child and was feeling sick herself

Question 18

Historians often question whether historical events were determined primarily by a confluence of circumstances or by the leadership of particular individuals. These questions are analogous to issues of __________ in social psychology.

A) attribution
B) social impact theory
C) diffusion of responsibility
D) social facilitation

Question 19

Tucker is defending a client wrongly accused of theft and is deciding whether the jury should see a tape showing the client confessing under extreme duress. Tucker's knowledge of the fundamental attribution error leads him to the conclusion that the jury would probably __________.

A) disregard the client's confession and concentrate on the circumstances under which it was extracted
B) deplore the police brutality involved, but still tend to believe that the confession was sincere
C) weigh the confession against the circumstances under which it was made and be more convinced of the client's innocence
D) not be influenced by the client's confession nor the circumstances under which it occurred

Question 20

According to Kelley, one of the first psychologists to investigate the question of how people interpret the behavior of others, people tend to make attributions by making use of __________.

A) heuristics
B) a covariation principle
C) unconscious processes
D) syllogistic reasoning

Question 21

According to dissonance theory, those who live right beside a floodplain will consider the possibility of flooding to be __________.

A) a real danger
B) a moderate danger
C) unlikely
D) none of the above answers is correct

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true concerning attitude stability?

A) Because events change so frequently, our attitudes tend to shift fairly regularly.
B) Our attitudes remain fairly stable, in part because we tend to remain in the same environment and associate with similar people much of the time.
C) Our attitudes can be changed fairly easily if we decide we wish to change them.
D) Once attitudes have been established, it is nearly impossible for them to change.

Question 23

In a classic study, research participants did an extremely boring task and were then paid either $1 or $20 to tell someone else that it was interesting. When their actual attitudes toward the task were later measured, __________.

A) consistent with cognitive dissonance theory, participants paid $20 thought the task was more interesting than did participants paid $1
B) consistent with cognitive dissonance theory, participants paid $1 thought the task was more interesting than did participants paid $20
C) contrary to cognitive dissonance theory, participants paid $20 thought the task was more interesting than did participants paid $1
D) contrary to cognitive dissonance theory, participants paid $1 thought the task was more interesting than did participants paid $20

Question 24

Melinda is aware of the stereotype that women do not perform as well on math tests as men. Given what is known about stereotype threat, which of the following would be the most helpful strategy for Melinda to improve her performance on a math exam?

A) Focus her attention on the exam material and not focus on her gender.
B) Tell herself that she needs to prove the stereotype wrong, and focus intently on her gender.
C) Motivate herself by recalling all of the women pioneers in history.
D) Soothe her anxiety by recalling that she is the favorite daughter in her family.

Question 25

Three students are paid different amounts of money to give a speech in support of more difficult final exams, a position that is contrary to each of their attitudes. Sarah is paid $1, Lynn is paid $5, and Kelly $20. According to dissonance theory, which student is most likely to support difficult exams after giving the speech?

A) Kelly
B) Lynn
C) Sarah
D) Each student will support difficult exams equally.

Question 26

In order to use the Implicit Associate Test to measure ageism, you would need to have subjects __________.

A) generate positive and negative words in response to old and young faces
B) try to learn different associations between positive and negative words and old and young faces
C) respond to a questionnaire on attitudes toward the elderly
D) try to learn different associations between black and white faces and old and young faces

Question 27

Your text argues that the relationship between schemas and stereotypes is that __________.

A) schemas arise when group stereotypes are applied to individuals
B) stereotypes arise when schemas are simplified and applied to groups
C) stereotypes arise when several schemas are combined into a more complex perceptual gestalt
D) schemas consist of a combination of stereotypes

Question 28

Rhonda is arguing in favor of a national flat tax policy to Bernard. Because they are in a noisy, crowded nightclub ,it is difficult for Bernard to focus on what Rhonda is saying or to process the information, but he is having fun and feeling more positively about the flat tax. Rhonda has used the peripheral route to persuasion, which __________.

A) is mainly used to deceive people
B) has greater influence when we are distracted and unable to carefully process the message
C) focuses primarily on the accuracy of the assumptions that form the base of the argument
D) all of the above

Question 29

Which theory states that we really do not know ourselves directly, but that self-knowledge is achieved indirectly through the same methods that we use to understand others?

A) implicit attitude theory
B) self-perception theory
C) introspection theory
D) cognitive dissonance theory

Question 30

Which of the following would illustrate the influence of self-fulfilling prophecy?

A) Ronald is so confident that he can get a woman to go on a date with him that he annoys the woman with his arrogance.
B) David does not expect his sister to be able to perform math and experiences cognitive dissonance when she scores 10 points higher on her math SAT.
C) Linnea is terrified before her exam, but paradoxically scores higher than anyone else.
D) James believes that his Hispanic neighbor is dangerous, and after scowling at him in a number of encounters, he sees that the neighbor in fact behaves in a hostile manner toward him.

Question 31

When researchers call certain attitudes towards others "implicit," what do they mean?

A) that the attitudes are unconscious
B) that the attitudes are unusual
C) that the attitudes don't actually affect behavior
D) that the attitudes were formed early on in life

Question 32

Donald asserts that some of his best friends are Jewish, but he appears to be influenced by some negative Jewish stereotypes, although he emphatically denies holding any such beliefs. One method for assessing whether he may hold such stereotypes, even though he denies it, would be through __________.

A) the Implicit Associate Test
B) the Unconscious Anti-Semitism Test
C) any test that measures unconscious denial
D) the Test of Stereotypic Attitudes

Question 33

Because humans cannot entirely know the subjective experience of others, they have incomplete information when they attempt to explain the behavior of others. This is one reason why we experience __________.

A) the fundamental attribution error
B) cognitive dissonance
C) the above-average effect
D) the undersituational attribution effect

Question 34

Charles tries to watch a debate on television because he knows the moderator, but he is distracted by constantly having to chase his toddler around the room. Which aspects of the debate are least likely to affect his attitude toward the debate topic?

A) the logic of the arguments offered
B) the length of the arguments offered
C) the expertise of the debaters
D) the appearance of the debaters

Question 35

As a general impression of others, the statement "Blondes have more fun" is an example of __________.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) a stereotype
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) a situational attribution

Question 36

The out-group homogeneity effect refers to the observation that we tend to __________.

A) see all out-groups as having the same set of (generally negative) characteristics
B) see out-group members as being more similar to each other than in-group members
C) perceive most other people as members of an out-group
D) see out-group members as having the same characteristics and beliefs as members of our smallest in-group

Question 37

Those from a collectivist culture tend to view themselves as part of a larger community. As a consequence, when planning their future, they tend to __________.

A) envision themselves outcompeting members of individualistic cultures to demonstrate the superiority of their way of life
B) emphasize independently succeeding in a way that will impress their community
C) emphasize family and community relationships in defining goals
D) both a and b

Question 38

When teachers were informed that some children in their classes had been identified as "bloomers," the students were later found to have significantly improved their test scores over the following year. In fact, the students were randomly selected and had no greater intellectual abilities than their classmates. This study illustrates the phenomenon of __________.

A) dispositional attribution
B) situational attribution
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) stereotype threat

Question 39

The central route to persuasion __________.

A) is more likely to be used if the issue involved is important to us
B) is more likely to be used if we are not distracted by other concerns
C) relies primarily on the source and context of the message rather than on its content
D) both a and b

Question 40

Let's say you hear someone say, "All Christians hate gay people." According to research, that statement is most likely to be made by a non-Christian, in keeping with the __________.

A) above-average effect
B) self-serving bias
C) out-group homogeneity effect
D) actor-observer bias

Question 41

Say you want to change someone's attitude toward abortion. Dissonance theory would advise you to do what?

A) have the person work at an abortion clinic and get paid very well for doing so
B) have the person read an article supporting the right to choose
C) have the person write a 40-page essay on the right to choose
D) have the person view pictures of fetuses in exchange for large amounts of cash

Question 42

Zeke is the public-relations director for Mr. Black, a gubernatorial candidate. In preparing Mr. Black for a debate, Zeke realizes that the arguments on Mr. Black's side are very weak. Instead of giving Mr. Black stronger arguments, Zeke loads Mr. Black with a bunch of tangentially relevant statistics. With this strategy, Mr. Black is most likely to persuade someone __________.

A) for whom the debate topic is very important
B) accessible through the peripheral route to persuasion
C) who is able to pay close attention to the debate
D) both a and c

Question 43

Dissonance theory would predict that those who work hardest in a class will find that class __________.

A) less enjoyable
B) more enjoyable
C) as enjoyable as someone who did not work hard
D) boring but informative

Question 44

The foot-in-the-door method of persuasion is successful because people __________.

A) are susceptible to dogma
B) like assertive behavior
C) attribute their actions to their attitudes
D) cannot bring themselves to insult other people

Question 45

In experiments, what is the meaning of the word confederate?

A) a person who acts unpredictably
B) a person who secretly behaves as the experimenter asks him to
C) a person who helps design the experiment
D) a person who helps interpret the experiment's results

Question 46

The effectiveness of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion suggests that __________.

A) actions always reflect prior beliefs about the self
B) we are more prone to do favors for people we like
C) our beliefs can change as a result of our own actions
D) we tend to like those who do favors for us

Question 47

Why do peripheral arguments often lead to persuasion?

A) They are forceful because they present critical facts that are persuasive.
B) They lead one to use rules of thumb, such as reliance on experts, to evaluate them regardless of the message.
C) They are more resistant to the effects of distracting events.
D) All of the above answers are correct.

Question 48

Attitudes differ from beliefs in that __________.

A) beliefs are more strongly held
B) attitudes are more strongly held
C) attitudes include feelings or evaluations
D) attitudes and beliefs are the same

Question 49

What is the difference between obedience and compliance?

A) You are being obedient when you are told to do something, not asked.
B) You are being obedient when you are asked to do something, not told to do it.
C) You are being compliant when you are told to do something, not asked.
D) Obedience results in more long-lasting behavior change.

Question 50

A defense attorney must defend a client whom she does not believe is innocent. According to dissonance theory, under what condition might she be more likely to come to believe in her client's innocence?

A) She gets a higher fee than usual.
B) She gets a lower fee than usual.
C) The client is quite friendly to her.
D) The client is in fact guilty.

Question 51

Brandon asked his neighbors to watch his puppy for just 15 minutes while he ran to the store. The next week he asked them to take his puppy for an entire weekend. Research suggests that __________.

A) compliance with the second request will be more likely if they had earlier agreed to watch his puppy for 15 minutes
B) compliance with the second request would be less likely if they had already agreed to watch his puppy once
C) if the neighbors had not agreed to the first request they would be more likely to agree to watch the puppy for the weekend because of guilt
D) responses to the first and second requests will be completely unrelated

Question 52

Kevin is concerned about the negative attitudes his children have been displaying toward classmates from a different ethnic background who live nearby. Kevin could likely reduce these negative feelings by __________.

A) punishing his children for complaining about the other kids
B) have his children work on a cooperative project with these classmates
C) paying his children an allowance for speaking nicely of the classmates.
D) both a and c

Question 53

For the past several weeks Jared has been quite impatient and even cruel toward his administrative assistant. According to cognitive dissonance theory, Jared will likely begin to __________.

A) feel very guilty
B) pity his assistant
C) regard the person more favorably
D) feel more contemptuous toward his assistant

Question 54

In the Asch line-length experiment, what did the confederates do?

A) told the true participants what guesses to make
B) acted oddly in an attempt at distraction
C) deliberately made more incorrect line-length guesses
D) all of the above answers are correct

Question 55

Forced compliance may result in changing one's strongly held attitude because __________.

A) a large reward awaits later
B) the resulting cognitive dissonance is emotionally unpleasant
C) one finally "sees the light"
D) reversing one's opinion is rewarding

Question 56

Lindsey knows that he will be trying to persuade an intelligent and attentive listener in a setting that is free from distraction, and so he plans to utilize the central route to persuasion. This means that he will be relying on __________.

A) reasoned thought
B) emotional responses
C) behavioral change
D) all of the above

Question 57

Say three girls go to see Green Day in concert. Which one will like the concert most, according to dissonance theory?

A) the one who got free tickets
B) the one who bought her ticket for $5, from a friend who did not want to go to the show
C) the one who camped out overnight to get her tickets
D) the one who won a ticket in a radio raffle

Question 58

Gregory believes that Libertarians are poorly informed and that their reasoning processes must be defective. He is very confident in this attitude, as he and his friends at work have agreed with each other about the errors of Libertarians for many years. Gregory may be overlooking the fact that __________.

A) Libertarian principles have been scientifically verified
B) he is likely repressing his unconscious wish to be Libertarian
C) discussing Libertarians with like-minded people, rather than exposing himself to others with opposing views, may have contributed to the stability of this long-held attitude
D) if Libertarians held inaccurate beliefs. they would have abandoned the Libertarian party by now

Question 59

Mitzi has paid a great deal to a dating service because she believes it will find her perfect match. However, her first date from the service is a disaster. Based on cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following outcomes is most likely?

A) Mitzi will decide that the service is a scam, and she will report the service to the Better Business Bureau.
B) Mitzi will be so horrified that she will not be able to date again for at least one year.
C) Mitzi will decide that she has thrown her money away, but she will not do anything about it.
D) Mitzi will convince herself that the date was not really that bad after all.

Question 60

Compared to individualist cultures, collectivist cultures emphasize __________.

A) interdependence
B) self-reliance
C) a person's needs, desires, and emotions
D) all of the above

Question 61

In a variant of the Asch line-length experiment, a single confederate was asked to deviate from the majority judgment, but by giving an answer that was even further from the truth than the group's. What effect did this have on the judgment made by the true participant?

A) It increased his conformity.
B) He ended up agreeing with the above confederate-that is, offering an outrageously wrong answer.
C) It decreased his conformity.
D) He offered a wrong answer that was at the opposite extreme from that offered by the above confederate.

Question 62

The reactions of Asch's research participants to their experience in his study suggest that __________.

A) we assume that physical reality is socially shared
B) public opinion has little impact on privately held views
C) our belief in physical reality is immune to social pressure
D) human cognitive and social processes are separate and distinct

Question 63

Imagine an Asch-style social pressure experiment in which the judgments are made more difficult (e.g., 6.5 vs. 6.25 inches) than in the standard task. Most likely, compared to the standard task, participants in the new version will __________.

A) yield more and be more emotionally disturbed
B) yield more and be less emotionally disturbed
C) yield less and be more emotionally disturbed
D) yield less and be less emotionally disturbed

Question 64

At a wedding, Greg hears the nervous groom make a mistake in reciting his vows. Greg wants to laugh, but before doing so looks around to see if others are laughing. Greg is engaging in __________.

A) social referencing
B) autoclitic attachment
C) psychogenesis
D) social loafing
E) disindividuation

Question 65

People are most likely to seek social comparison when __________.

A) decisions are easy and obvious in order to confirm their choices
B) decisions are difficult and a situation is not fully understood
C) a situation is well understood and social consensus is needed
D) they have sufficient time to gather information

Question 66

In some conditions of the basic Milgram setup, the "learner" howled that he suffered from a heart condition. What effect did this have on the "teachers"?

A) Their level of obedience was unaffected.
B) They refused to continue with the experiment.
C) They shouted out warnings to the "learner" before each new shock was applied.
D) Obedience was decreased, but only among male participants.

Question 67

In Asch's social pressure experiment, when the confederates said that a 6-inch line is equal to an 8-inch line, most real participants __________.

A) did not yield
B) yielded, but were sure that the group was wrong even though they pretended to agree
C) yielded, and were not sure who was right even though they still saw the 8-inch line as bigger than the 6-inch line
D) yielded, because the group pressure changed their perception so that they saw the 8-inch line as equal to the 6-inch line

Question 68

Under what conditions are members of collectivistic cultures most likely to conform?

A) when they are in the company of family
B) when they are motivated by external reward
C) when they are surrounded by others whom they do not know and with whom they do not share any kind of bond
D) under all conditions studied they are more likely to conform than are members of individualistic cultures

Question 69

The results of a standard Asch line-judgment task compared to one in which the lines are difficult to distinguish indicate that __________.

A) a dissenting minority cannot withstand the opinion of the majority
B) social comparison is especially important in ambiguous situations
C) uncertainty increases emotional disturbance
D) the greater the ambiguity of stimuli, the greater the rigidity of responses

Question 70

If an infant were to be approached by an unknown person and did not know whether to advance or retreat, what would the infant likely do before making a decision?

A) vocalize, as if sending a signal
B) avert his gaze from what is in front of him
C) glance toward his caretaker's face
D) perform repetitive visual scans of the environment

Question 71

When is informational influence most likely to result in conformity?

A) when men are conforming in the presence of women
B) when one is confused about what the correct answer to a question might be
C) when one is worried about appearing foolish in front of others
D) when one is surrounded by people regarded as inferior in status

Question 72

The overall finding in the famous Milgram shock experiment was this:

A) Men obeyed the experimenter more than did women.
B) All participants delivered at least one shock, but only 33% continued on until the end of the experiment.
C) Women obeyed the experimenter more than did men.
D) Sixty-five percent of Milgram's subjects-males and females-continued to obey the experimenter to the very end of the experiment.

Question 73

In Asch's line-judgment task, __________.

A) fewer than one in three research participants never went along with a wrong answer given by the rest of the group
B) nearly three in four participants never went along with a wrong answer given by the rest of the group
C) about half of all participants never went along with a wrong answer given by the rest of the group
D) at least 90% of the participants never went along with a wrong answer given by the rest of the group

Question 74

One variant of the Asch line-length experiment required that the participant write down her guesses in private. What was this change in procedure intended to explore?

A) the role of embarrassment in conformity
B) the rapidity of decision making in private vs. public conditions
C) the role of cheating in the original experimental setup
D) the question of whether or not the participant would follow through at all when not in the presence of other group members

Question 75

Let's say you are a middle-schooler and you buy an NFL jersey because all your friends have one; then you insist on wearing a baseball cap to school every day because that's what your friends do too. You want to be liked, in other words. What type of conformity is this?

A) informational
B) subliminal
C) cognitive
D) normative

Question 76

In an Asch experiment, the target line is 5 inches long, but the confederates say the 6-inch line is the one that matches it. The real research participant will be more likely to give the correct answer if __________.

A) the confederates unanimously give the wrong answer
B) one confederate gives the right answer (5-inch line), while the rest all say it is the 6-inch line
C) one confederate wrongly states that the 7-inch line matches, while the rest all say it is the 6-inch line
D) both b and c

Question 77

In one study, participants were invited to choose one of five pens. Four of the pens were of the same color, while the fifth pen was a unique color. East Asian participants, when faced with this task, are more likely than European Americans to choose one of the four same-colored pens. What does this result reveal?

A) that East Asians lack self-esteem
B) that East Asians have a difficult time with color discrimination
C) that one culture's "uniqueness" is another culture's "deviance"
D) none of the above

Question 78

Hiroshi grew up in Japan, a more collectivist country, whereas Karen grew up in the United States, a more individualist country. Each of them was confronted with a situation in which their family and friends held strong beliefs that were different from Hiroshi's and Karen's beliefs. Which of the following is true?

A) Hiroshi would be less likely to conform with members of his outgroup than Karen would be.
B) Hiroshi's relationships are likely deeper and more lasting than those of Karen.
C) Hiroshi is more likely to conform to the beliefs of his family and friends than Karen would be.
D) If these relationships are impaired by the disagreements, Hiroshi will probably make new friends more rapidly than Karen would.

Question 79

What are the causes of conformity?

A) People want to be liked.
B) People do not want to be laughed at.
C) People want to be correct, and they trust others to indicate what is correct.
D) All of the above answers are correct.

Question 80

Melinda is trying to get accurate feedback from her employees about whether a new product she is planning to sell will be appealing to consumers. She would normally have her employees comment on the product in a group staff meeting; however, she recently learned about the Asch studies and is concerned about conformity pressures. What strategy could she use to reduce conformity?

A) Offer a bonus to those with the best evaluation of the product.
B) Have the employees rate the product in private.
C) Tell the employees to ignore the responses of the others and give only their honest opinion.
D) Remind the employees not to pressure one another to conform.