Question 1

Bill likes country music, so he thinks that most people like country music. Bill's behavior is an example of the _____.&#10;A) fundamental attribution error&#10;B) actor-observer bias&#10;C) false consensus effect&#10;D) false uniqueness effect

Accepted Answer

Bill's belief that most people like country music demonstrates the false consensus effect, which is the tendency for people to overestimate the degree to which others share their beliefs or behaviors.

Question 2

Which compliance technique involves gaining compliance to a much larger request by preceding it with a much smaller request?&#10;A) that's-not-all technique&#10;B) door-in-the-face technique&#10;C) low-ball technique&#10;D) foot-in-the-door technique

Accepted Answer

The foot-in-the-door technique involves gaining compliance to a small request first and then following it up with a larger request. This technique works on the principle of self-perception theory, where people tend to align their beliefs and behaviors with their past actions.

Question 3

Conformity is higher for a person when the group _____ the person's responses and when the person is of _____ status than the other group members.&#10;A) hears; lesser&#10;B) does not hear; lesser&#10;C) hears; higher&#10;D) does not hear; higher

Accepted Answer

Conformity tends to increase when the group can hear the person's responses, as this creates social pressure to conform. Additionally, individuals of lesser status are more likely to conform to the group norms or decisions to fit in or gain approval.

Question 4

Which situational factors in Milgram's shock experiments led to the HIGHEST maximum obedience rate?&#10;A) The experiment was conducted in a run-down office building.&#10;B) Two co-teachers disobeyed the experimenter.&#10;C) The experimenter was not present.&#10;D) The teacher had to force the learner's hand on the shock plate.

Accepted Answer

The highest maximum obedience rate was observed when the experiment was conducted in a prestigious setting, such as Yale University, not in a run-down office building. However, among the given options, A is the closest to a scenario that would not significantly decrease obedience compared to the others, which are known to reduce obedience.

Question 5

When committing the fundamental attribution error, we tend to _____ the influence of dispositional factors and _____ the influence of situational factors.&#10;A) overestimate; overestimate&#10;B) overestimate; underestimate&#10;C) underestimate; overestimate&#10;D) underestimate; underestimate

Accepted Answer

When committing the fundamental attribution error, we tend to overestimate the influence of dispositional factors (personality, traits, etc.) and underestimate the influence of situational factors (environmental or external factors).

Question 6

With the self-serving bias, we tend to make _____ attributions for our failures and _____ for our successes.&#10;A) dispositional; dispositional&#10;B) dispositional; situational&#10;C) situational; dispositional&#10;D) situational; situational

Accepted Answer

The self-serving bias leads us to attribute our failures to situational factors (external causes) and our successes to dispositional factors (internal qualities), to maintain and enhance our self-esteem.

Question 7

Which two compliance techniques involve reciprocity?&#10;A) foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face&#10;B) low-ball and that's-not-all&#10;C) foot-in-the-door and low-ball&#10;D) door-in-the-face and that's-not-all

Accepted Answer

Door-in-the-face and that's-not-all techniques both involve reciprocity. Door-in-the-face starts with a large request that is expected to be refused, followed by a smaller request (the actual goal), making the person feel obliged to comply. That's-not-all technique involves making an offer and then improving it before the person makes a decision, creating a sense of obligation to reciprocate the perceived extra value or concession.

Question 8

Two groups of children are told to not play with a very attractive toy in a playroom. One group was threatened very severely, while the other group was only threatened mildly. Neither group played with the toy. According to cognitive dissonance theory, which group(s) should later still rate the toy as very attractive?

A) severe threat group
B) mild threat group
C) neither severe threat group nor mild threat group
D) both severe threat group and mild threat group

Accepted Answer

According to cognitive dissonance theory, the severe threat group is more likely to still rate the toy as very attractive because they can justify their compliance with the severe threat, reducing dissonance. The mild threat group, lacking sufficient external justification, may reduce dissonance by devaluing the toy's attractiveness.

Question 9

_____ is the strengthening of a group's prevailing opinion on a topic following group discussion of the topic.&#10;A) Deindividuation&#10;B) Group polarization&#10;C) Groupthink&#10;D) Social facilitation

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the strengthening of a group's prevailing opinion on a topic following group discussion of the topic. This occurs because individuals in the group are exposed to new arguments and examples from other group members that support their initial views, causing their opinions to become more extreme.

Question 10

The conformity demonstrated in Sherif's study using autokinetic effect stems from _____ social influence, and the conformity demonstrated in Asch's study of line-length judgment stems from _____ social influence.

A) normative; normative
B) normative; informational
C) informational; normative
D) informational; informational

Accepted Answer

Sherif's study of the autokinetic effect demonstrates informational social influence because participants relied on the judgments of others to determine the correct answer. Asch's study of line-length judgment demonstrates normative social influence because participants conformed to the group norms in order to avoid being seen as deviant or standing out from the group.

Question 11

Facilitation of a dominant response on a task due to social arousal is called _____.&#10;A) deindividuation&#10;B) social facilitation&#10;C) social loafing&#10;D) the bystander effect

Accepted Answer

The answer of Facilitation of a dominant response on a...

Question 12

Which factor INCREASES conformity?&#10;A) group is not unanimous&#10;B) responding secretly&#10;C) correct answer is not clear&#10;D) being of higher status than other group members

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which factor INCREASES conformity?&#10;A) group is not...

Question 13

When our expectations of a person elicit behavior from that person which confirms our expectations, this is a case of _____.&#10;A) self-serving bias&#10;B) actor-observer bias&#10;C) deindividuation&#10;D) self-fulfilling prophecy

Accepted Answer

The answer of When our expectations of a person elicit...

Question 14

The bystander effect refers to the finding that an observer of an emergency is less likely to help if the _____.&#10;A) emergency takes place in a big city&#10;B) emergency is being observed by other people&#10;C) observer has just endured a frustrating experience&#10;D) observer has been exposed to many similar emergencies in the past

Accepted Answer

The answer of The bystander effect refers to the finding...

Question 15

Which comment is MOST likely to be made by the leader of a group characterized by groupthink?&#10;A) &#34;We have been united on matters in the past, and I hope this will continue.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;We will need some outside experts to critique our decisions.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;It's important for each of us individually to think critically about this issue.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;We should probably divide into subgroups and arrive at independent decisions.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which comment is MOST likely to be...

Deck 9: Section 3: Social Psychology