Question 1

A client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 6 years ago has a purple lesion located on the inner thigh. This lesion is most likely to be:&#10;A) AIDS-related syndrome.&#10;B) Burkitt's lymphoma.&#10;C) cachexia.&#10;D) Kaposi's sarcoma.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The purple lesion described is most likely Kaposi's sarcoma, a type of cancer commonly seen in individuals with AIDS caused by the human herpesvirus-8.

Question 2

A pregnant client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is asking about her baby's risk of infection. Which of the following does put the newborn at risk?&#10;A) Bottle-feeding&#10;B) Changing diapers&#10;C) Kissing the baby&#10;D) Vaginal birth&#10;

Accepted Answer

Vaginal birth is the most common way for the HIV virus to be passed to the baby. Bottle-feeding, changing diapers, and kissing the baby do not typically transmit the virus. However, precautions should still be taken to prevent any potential transmission through open sores, cuts, or bodily fluids.

Question 3

A health care provider has accidentally been stuck with a used needle. The health care provider is going to be tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which of the following would be the testing schedule for the health care provider?

A) Tested at 2 months, 4 months, and then at 6 months
B) Tested immediately and then again at 2 months
C) Tested immediately and then again at 6 months
D) Tested in 6 months and then again in 1 year

Accepted Answer

The CDC recommends that health care providers who are exposed to HIV should be tested immediately after the exposure and then again at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after the exposure. However, some healthcare providers may choose to test immediately and then again only at 6 months. Testing beyond 6 months is not necessary as the current tests are very accurate at that point. Choice A is close to the correct answer but does not include the recommended 6-week test. Choice B is not a thorough enough testing schedule for a potential exposure. Choice D is not recommended by the CDC and is not necessary with the current accuracy of HIV tests.

Question 4

The nurse realizes that which of the following tests can be used to initially identify the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies in a client?&#10;A) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)&#10;B) Platelet count&#10;C) Red blood cell count&#10;D) Western blot&#10;

Accepted Answer

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the initial test used to identify the presence of HIV antibodies in a client.

Question 5

A client receiving treatment for human immunodeficiency virus infection is demonstrating signs of resistance to the medication. Which of the following does this suggest to the nurse?&#10;A) The medication dosages need to be increased.&#10;B) The client needs to be taken off all medication.&#10;C) The client needs additional medication to treat side effects.&#10;D) The client is not adhering to the prescribed medication schedule.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Resistance to medication in a client with HIV infection may suggest that the client is not adhering to the medication schedule as directed by the healthcare provider. It is important to assess the client's understanding of the medication regimen and possible side effects before increasing dosages or adding additional medication. Taking the client off all medication is not an appropriate intervention. Treatment of side effects may also be necessary, but this would not address the issue of medication resistance.

Question 6

A client diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis receives a prescription for indomethacin. Which of the following statements by the client would indicate the need for further instruction about this medication?

A) "I have to let my doctor know if I need to start blood pressure medications."
B) "I have to make sure I get my kidneys tested as scheduled."
C) "I need to get my eyes checked regularly."
D) "This medication shouldn't upset my stomach."

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Accepted Answer

Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that may cause gastrointestinal side effects such as stomach upset, nausea, and ulcers. Therefore, the statement that the medication shouldn't upset the stomach indicates a lack of understanding and the need for further instruction. The other statements demonstrate appropriate understanding of potential side effects and the need for monitoring.

Question 7

The nurse is instructing a client on ways to reduce the risk of exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus. Which of the following activities would present the least risk of exposure to this virus?&#10;A) Exposure to used needles&#10;B) Multiple sex partners&#10;C) Perinatal exposure&#10;D) Teeth cleaning&#10;

Accepted Answer

Teeth cleaning does not involve any exchange of bodily fluids and therefore presents the least risk of exposure to HIV. Exposure to used needles, having multiple sex partners, and perinatal exposure are all high-risk activities for HIV transmission.

Question 8

A client is scheduled for a bone marrow transplant from cells that were donated by his identical twin. The nurse realizes that the type of transplant this client is planning would be:&#10;A) syngeneic.&#10;B) autologous.&#10;C) allograft.&#10;D) apheresis&#10;

Accepted Answer

A bone marrow transplant from an identical twin is considered a syngeneic transplant. Syngeneic transplants are the only type of transplant where the donor and recipient are genetically identical, and therefore there is no risk of rejection or graft versus host disease. Autologous transplants involve collecting the patient's own cells for transplant, allografts involve using cells from a donor who is not an identical twin, and apheresis is a process of collecting only certain blood components from a donor or patient.

Question 9

A client is diagnosed with progressive systemic sclerosis. Which of the following will the nurse most likely assess in this client? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Telangiectasia&#10;B) Sclerodactyly&#10;C) Difficulty swallowing&#10;D) Painful cold hands and fingers&#10;E) Small white calcium deposits under the skin&#10;F) Hematuria&#10;

Accepted Answer

Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), also known as scleroderma, is an autoimmune disorder that affects the skin and internal organs. Manifestations of PSS can vary, but common symptoms include telangiectasia (dilation of capillaries causing red marks on the skin), sclerodactyly (tightening and thickening of the skin on the fingers and hands), difficulty swallowing due to esophageal fibrosis, painful cold hands and fingers due to Raynaud's phenomenon, and small white calcium deposits under the skin called calcinosis. Hematuria is not a common manifestation of PSS.

Question 10

The nurse is instructing a client on the modes of transmitting the human immunodeficiency virus infection. Which of the following can transmit this infection? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Blood&#10;B) Breast milk&#10;C) Emesis&#10;D) Saliva&#10;E) Semen&#10;F) Sweat&#10;

Accepted Answer

HIV can be transmitted through blood, breast milk, and semen. It is not typically transmitted through emesis, saliva, or sweat.

Question 11

The nurse, planning care for a client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus, realizes that the most common infection that occurs in clients with this health problem is:&#10;A) cytomegalovirus infection.&#10;B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.&#10;C) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.&#10;D) Streptococcus pneumoniae.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse, planning care for a client...

Question 12

The nurse suspects a client is experiencing rheumatoid arthritis when which of the following are assessed? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour&#10;B) Arthritis of three or more joint areas&#10;C) Arthritis of the hand joints&#10;D) Symmetrical arthritis&#10;E) Nodules over bony prominences&#10;F) Bruising&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse suspects a client is experiencing...

Question 13

The nurse is planning care for a client diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following should be included in this plan of care? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Muscle strengthening exercises&#10;B) Range-of-motion exercises&#10;C) Application of heat&#10;D) Application of cold&#10;E) Joint massage&#10;F) Yoga&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is planning care for a...

Question 14

A client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is sitting alone crying. Which of the following is an appropriate response for the nurse to give?&#10;A) &#34;Everything will be okay.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Let me call your doctor about your depression.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;What's wrong now?&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Would you like to talk?&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome...

Question 15

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following would not be including in these instructions?&#10;A) &#34;Activity will need to be decreased during an exacerbation.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Body temperature should be monitored.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Corticosteroid treatment must be slowly tapered off.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Sunbathing decreases symptoms.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is providing discharge instructions to...

Question 16

Which of the following CD4+ count would be used to confirm the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?&#10;A) 155 cells/mcL&#10;B) 255 cells/mcL&#10;C) 455 cells/mcL&#10;D) 755 cells/mcL&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following CD4+ count would...

Question 17

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which of the following precautions is best in the care of the client?&#10;A) Gloves and an N-95 mask&#10;B) Gown, gloves, and mask if splashing with body fluids is likely&#10;C) Gown, gloves, mask, and placement into a negative-pressure room&#10;D) Only handwashing is needed&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is caring for a client...

Question 18

A client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection is prescribed antiretroviral Group 1 medications. Which medications are included in Group 1? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)&#10;B) Ziduvudine (AZT)&#10;C) Didanosine (Videx)&#10;D) Abacavir (Ziagen)&#10;E) Ritonavir (Norvir)&#10;F) Saquinavir (Fortovase)&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus...

Question 19

The nurse is teaching a small group of clients about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at a health clinic. Which of the following statements by a group member will need further clarification?&#10;A) &#34;Condoms should be used during sexual contact.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Exposure can occur to a baby during pregnancy.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;HIV-infected mothers can breastfeed their babies.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Needles should never be reused or shared.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is teaching a small group...

Deck 42: Immunodeficiency and Hiv Infectionaids: Nursing Management