Deck 2: Health and Illness in Adults

Question 1

A patient is admitted with a respiratory illness. During the assessment, the nurse learns the patient is a factory worker and uses public transportation to get to work. Which of the following will the patient's socioeconomic status effect?

A)lifestyle
B)cognitive Abilities
C)education level
D)developmental level

Answer 1

lifestyle

Question 2

The nurse is instructing a patient on nutritional needs by using the revised 2005 Food Guide Pyramid. Which of the following should the nurse emphasize when using this version of the food guide with the patient?

A)efforts to reduce weight and minimize cardiovascular disease
B)ways to limit exposure to carcinogens
C)activities to reduce the onset of diabetes mellitus
D)minimize overuse of aerobic exercise

Answer 2

efforts to reduce weight and minimize cardiovascular disease

Question 3

When planning holistic care for a patient admitted with heart failure, which of the following should the nurse include?

A)spiritual needs
B)measure intake and output
C)daily weights
D)ambulate with assistance

Answer 3

spiritual needs

Question 4

The nurse, planning care for a patient with a chronic illness, should include which of the following interventions in the plan of care?

A)Instruct in ways to minimize the impact of the chronic illness on activities of daily living.
B)Encourage to seek medical care with any changes in symptoms.
C)Limit activities until symptoms subside.
D)Suggest lifestyle alterations to prepare for more challenging symptom management in the future.

Question 5

The nurse is reviewing the goals for Healthy People 2020 with a group of patients in an out-patient clinic. Which of the following will the nurse include in this presentation? Select all that apply.

A)Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
B)Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
C)Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
D)Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life.
E)Achieve a body weight 20% less of current standardized height/weight charts.

Question 6

During an assessment, a patient tells the nurse that he drinks four alcoholic beverages every day and smokes one pack of cigarettes. The nurse realizes that these chemical agents will predispose the patient to develop which of the following?

A)a disease
B)an illness
C)an injury
D)an infection

Question 7

The nurse is assessing a patient who is a Native American. For which of the following should the nurse include in this assessment?

A)diabetes mellitus
B)eye disorders
C)hypertension
D)osteoporosis

Question 8

A patient, diagnosed with a chronic illness, is not currently experiencing any symptoms and tells the nurse that he plans to stop following the identified course of care since the disease is cured. Which of the following should the nurse respond to this patient?

A)"The treatment plan is the reason why you are not experiencing symptoms so it would be best if you did not stop the plan."
B)"That does sound like a good idea."
C)"You can always resume the plan if the symptoms return."
D)"Plan to wean yourself off of the treatment plan and not discontinue it all at once."

Question 9

A patient, hospitalized for an illness, asks when she can return to home and resume her normal activities of daily living. The nurse realizes the patient is entering which stage of illness behaviors?

A)achieving recovery and rehabilitation
B)seeking medical care
C)assuming a dependent role
D)experiencing symptoms

Question 10

During an assessment, a patient tells the nurse that she is lactose intolerant. The nurse realizes that this food intolerance is common within which of the following cultural groups?

A)Mexican Americans
B)Scandinavian Americans
C)Indian Americans
D)Mediterranean Americans

Question 11

While being treated for one disease process, a patient begins demonstrating manifestations of another disease process. The nurse realizes that the patient is experiencing which of the following classifications of a disease?

A)iatrogenic
B)communicable
C)congenital
D)degenerative

Question 12

The nurse has provided care to a patient according to the concept of wellness. Which of the following outcomes would indicate that care has been successful for this patient?

A)Patient is returning home with adjustments in home environment to support temporary alteration in mobility status.
B)Patient needs additional teaching to understand reason for taking Coumadin the same time every day.
C)Patient is not independent with personal care and will need assistance when at home.
D)Patient is easily fatigued and will need assistance with meal preparation and medication administration.

Question 13

A patient tells the nurse that he has not been feeling well for a few days and he used over-the-counter medication but the illness has not improved. The patient is demonstrating which of the following illness behaviors?

A)seeking medical care
B)experiencing symptoms
C)assuming the sick role
D)assuming a dependent role

Question 14

During an assessment, the nurse learns that a patient has a genetic predisposition to the development of several disease processes. Which of the following are illnesses associated with genetic makeup?

A)cancer
B)hypertension
C)osteoporosis
D)myocardial infarction

Question 15

When collecting data at the immunization clinic, which of the following disclosures by a patient would cause the nurse to withhold the administration of the varicella vaccine?

A)a blood transfusion after undergoing surgery three months ago
B)history of an allergic reaction to yeast bread
C)itching and swelling on the face and hands after ingesting eggs
D)a low grade temperature within the past two days

Question 16

A female patient asks the nurse for suggestions to help her improve her health. Which of the following would be appropriate for the nurse to instruct this patient?

A)Participate in a continuous activity for 20 minutes five or more days each week.
B)Limit alcohol intake to two drinks per day.
C)Reduce tobacco use.
D)Sleep at least 6 hours each night.

Question 17

A patient tells the nurse that he has been relatively healthy until recently which is why he made an appointment to see his physician. The nurse realizes that the primary reason why individuals seek health care is which of the following?

A)pain
B)bleeding
C)vomiting
D)fatigue

Question 18

A patient tells the nurse that he feels fine even though he has been told he has chronic kidney failure. The nurse realizes that the patient is prone to manifesting which of the following?

A)signs of an illness
B)an iatrogenic disease
C)psychosomatic symptoms
D)idiopathic disorder

Question 19

A patient tells the nurse that he has been fortunate since he has never experienced any major illnesses and has enjoyed good health without much effort. The nurse realizes this patient is defining "good health" as being which of the following?

A)the absence of disease
B)effortless
C)fortunate
D)an integrated method of functioning

Question 20

A patient tells the nurse that he often is concerned with his declining mobility status even though he continues to experience no major health issues. When planning care according to wellness, the nurse should include which of the following for this patient?

A)interventions to restore the patient's mobility status
B)activities to promote the current level of functioning
C)suggestions to maintain the patient's current mobility status
D)activities to help the patient cope with the decline in mobility status

Question 21

During a routine physical examination, a 52-year-old Caucasian male declines to have his prostate gland examined and states he does not have a family history and does not feel he is at risk. What initial response by the nurse is most appropriate?

A)"Your risk factors increase with aging."
B)"You may refuse any screening test you wish."
C)"I will need to tell the physician about your refusal."
D)"You are right.Caucasian men have less incidence of prostate cancer."

Question 22

A nurse is caring for a 58-year-old male that has been admitted through the Emergency Department complaining of shortness of breath and is diagnosed with an acute onset of pulmonary embolism. Rank in order the commonly recognized sequence of illness behaviors that may be contributing to this patient's ability to cope with this new onset of acute illness. Click and drag the options below to move them up or down.

A)experiencing symptoms
B)assuming the sick role
C)seeking medical care
D)assuming a dependent role
E)recovery and rehabilitation

Question 23

A patient is diagnosed with an ear infection and has been prescribed antibiotics. The level of intervention that the patient has received would be which of the following?

A)secondary
B)primary
C)tertiary
D)acute

Question 24

A nurse reviews the record of a 63-year-old African American male patient who is being discharged from the hospital post surgical procedure. What genetic, racial, ethnic and cultural factors affecting health and well-being concerning this patient should the nurse consider prior to giving discharge instructions? Select all that apply.

A)hypertension
B)sickle cell anemia
C)lactose intolerance
D)diabetes
E)osteoporosis

Question 25

The nurse, planning care for a family, should include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A)communication patterns within the family
B)number of friends, relatives, and social support systems
C)values and beliefs about health and illness
D)spiritual beliefs
E)employment and income level

Question 26

A nurse is working in a family practice office and a female college-age student is being seen for a pre-nursing college physical and immunizations. From her health history she has never been exposed to measles, mumps, or rubella, or received a vaccine. Her last tetanus immunization was 4 years ago when she had sutures to a cut finger and her mother remembers her having the tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis vaccines as a child. She has never been vaccinated or exposed to varicella , human papilloma virus (HPV), or hepatitis. According to the recommended immunizations for adults, which of the following immunizations would the nurse recommend the patient receive at this time? Select all that apply.

A)measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
B)hepatitis A and B
C)HPV
D)influenza
E)tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis

Question 27

The nurse is assisting an 18-year-old female patient plan a healthy diet to support recent weight loss. Which of the following should be included in the dietary plan? Select all that apply.

A)Eat at least six servings of grains.
B)Fat intake should be limited to less than 30% of the daily caloric intake.
C)200 mg folic acid is recommended in the daily diet.
D)To avoid constipation, keep daily iron intake below 21 mg.
E)Have a dental examination every 2 to 5 years.

Question 28

A 45-year-old woman is having a gynecological examination and has no significant personal or family medical history. What information concerning health-promotion behaviors should the nurse provide to this patient?

A)Recommended calcium intake is at least 1200 mg per day.
B)It is time to begin having mammograms every other year.
C)If the patient is in a monogamous relationship, Pap smears will not be needed.
D)Exercise for at least 15 minutes a day three days each week.

Question 29

A nurse is conducting a health history from a 25-year-old patient who is being admitted for surgical repair of a broken tibia. Select all that apply.

A)"How much alcohol do you consume each week"
B)"Can you describe a typical daily food intake"
C)"Who would you describe as your friends?"
D)"Describe your relationship with your family members."
E)"How are you planning for your retirement?"

Question 30

The nurse, caring for the female spouse of a young couple, should instruct the patient on which of the following risk factors for alterations in health?

A)lack of knowledge about family planning
B)unsafe home environment
C)toxic substances in the home
D)lack of problem-solving skills

Question 31

The nurse, counseling the adult children of a family with older parents, should include which of the following as potential health problems of the elderly parents?

A)depression, suicide
B)sexually transmitted infections
C)poisonings
D)behavior problems

Question 32

A 45-year-old patient voices concerns about gaining 12 pounds over the past two years. The patient reports no change in dietary habits. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

A)"Age-related changes in metabolism can result in weight gain despite consistent dietary intake."
B)"Are you exercising"
C)"You might be eating more than you think."
D)"You are getting older."

Question 33

Based on the Levels of Illness Prevention Chart, a nurse correctly identifies that a patient who has a family history of breast cancer is participating in activities to prevent illness or limit the progression of illness by exhibiting activities of primary prevention when the patient states, 11ea992e_0a9c_ba03_9f38_8dfc420be0ba

A)"My mother died of breast cancer and I have undergone genetic testing to determine my genetic predisposition."
B)"I have had a mammogram and do monthly self-breast examinations."
C)"I have been on a lipid reducing agent to reduce my cholesterol levels."
D)"I support breast cancer research by running in a half marathon."

Question 34

A 24-year-old male has been admitted to an EMU unit (epilepsy monitoring unit) due to a history of seizure-like episodes. As the nurse you understand that monitoring a patient's seizure episodes is important to determine whether or not the episode is a seizure or if determined to be a seizure activity, to record brain activity in a patient in order to guide treatment. According to the disease classifications and definitions table, this is an example of what two types of disease classifications?

A)psychosomatic versus chronic
B)acute versus chronic
C)communicable versus functional
D)idiopathic versus iatrogenic

Question 35

The nurse is caring for a patient with two adolescent children. The developmental task that the nurse should assist the patient with would be which of the following?

A)balance freedom with responsibility
B)encourage educational achievement
C)maintaining ties with children
D)adjusting to retirement

Question 36

The nurse is planning interventions to meet a patient's tertiary care needs. Which of the following would be applicable for the patient?

A)provide pre-operative instructions
B)instruct in self-examination of breasts
C)screen for glaucoma
D)counsel on healthy nutrition

Question 37

A 75-year-old patient tells the nurse that he had extreme drowsiness after recently taking dosages of an over-the-counter cold medication. The nurse notes the patient ingested the prescribed amount of the medication. What does this information suggest to the nurse? The patient

A)is elderly which has influenced his response to the medication.
B)has taken more of the preparation than stated.
C)has experienced a reaction between the cold medication and other routine medications.
D)is allergic to the cold medication.

Question 38

The nurse is planning an education session to discuss primary levels of disease prevention. Which of the following topics should be included in this presentation?

A)the elimination of smoking and alcohol use
B)available locations for diabetes screening
C)the need for annual colonoscopy examinations
D)a discussion concerning the use of available community rehabilitation facilities

Question 39

A nurse is conducting an educational session on self-care initiatives for chronic heart failure patients and their support persons on living with congestive heart failure, prior to discharge from the hospital. The following topics may be included in the discussion. Select all that apply.

A)adapt activities of daily living
B)maintain a sense of hope
C)maintain a feeling of being in control
D)live as normal as possible
E)seek third and often fourth opinions

Question 40

The overall mission as outlined in Healthy People 2020 is to improve the nation's health. What are the topics that are addressed to achieve this goal? Select all that apply.

A)access to health services
B)nutrition and weight status
C)food safety
D)injury and violence prevention
E)outpatient surgery

Question 41

The nurse is teaching a young adult patient who has been found to be iron deficient and is following a vegetarian diet lifestyle about food options. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food Guide Pyramid, the nurse assesses that the young adult recognizes foods high in protein from the following statement.

A)"I will eat more beans and nuts."
B)"I will increase my intake of white bread and pasta."
C)"I will eat more yogurt and drink chocolate milk."
D)"I will increase the amount of fruit juices."

Question 42

Which statement by a 52 year-old female patient admitted for evaluation of migraines reflects the changes that occur in middle adulthood? Select all that apply.

A)"I am embarrassed by the amount of weight I have gained each year."
B)"I have recently been put on a lipid lowering agent for an increase in my cholesterol levels."
C)"I worry about getting breast cancer like my friend who is my same age."
D)"I have been lonely since my children are all married and live far away."
E)"I am concerned about coping with an unplanned pregnancy."

Question 43

An 82-year-old male who has recently been widowed is now admitted to the hospital for confusion and lethargy. His blood glucose level is 560 mg/dL, BUN is 28 mg/dL, creatinine is 1.8 mg/dL, hemoglobin 11.5 g/mL, hematocrit is 35% , and WBC is 12,000. His temperature is 99.6°. It is important to monitor lab values in the older adult due to risk factors that predispose the patient to toxic drug effects. Identify possible age-related changes in the older adult that would predispose the patient to toxic drug effects. Select all that apply. Select all that apply.

A)changes in tissue and organ structure
B)a decrease in liver function
C)taking several drugs at once
D)decrease in renal function
E)decrease in taste sensation

Question 44

A 50-year-old African American male is being seen by his primary health care provider for an annual physical. His last complete physical was two years ago and he has no complaints at this time. He asks what health screening tests he should expect now that he is 50 years old, in addition to his annual health examination. The nurse discusses the following screening tests based on the patient's age and ethnicity and which are recommended for middle adults. Select all that apply.

A)cholesterol level
B)colonoscopy and occult blood screening
C)prostate cancer screening
D)vision screening
E)osteoporosis screening

Question 45

The nurse is planning an elderly female patient's plan of care prior to discharge. The patient is 81 years old, diagnosed with late stages of breast cancer, and is a widow but has been active and independent prior to this diagnosis. What information should be assessed about this patient's family support to assist in her plan of care prior to? Select all that apply.

A)cohesiveness and communication patterns
B)number of support systems available
C)family values and believes about health and illness
D)developmental level of the family
E)consideration if patient has a family pet