Deck 15: True-False

Question 1

Most of the situations and objects of people's phobias could pose a real threat.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

People who live in large cities are more likely to have GAD than are people who live in rural areas.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

An obsession is a ritualistic behavior designed to reduce anxiety.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A new system called the Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC)is an initiative that aims to guide the classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes that give rise to them.

Question 5

A panic attack typically lasts for about 20 minutes.

Question 6

Before the introduction of the medical model of psychological disorders,people believed mental illness was a result of possession by demons or a punishment from God for their wrongdoings.

Question 7

Phobias usually involve stimuli that humans are evolutionarily prepared to find threatening.

Question 8

People with phobic disorders know that their fear is irrational.

Question 9

The symptoms of a panic attack can mimic the symptoms associated with a heart attack.

Question 10

Generalized anxiety disorder is especially prevalent among high-income people with management-level jobs.

Question 11

Infants who display excessive shyness are at an increased risk for developing phobias later in life.

Question 12

In obsessive-compulsive disorder,the obsessive thoughts typically produce anxiety and the compulsive behaviors are performed to reduce it.

Question 13

Attempting to suppress an obsession may actually strengthen it.

Question 14

Agoraphobia is a common cause of panic attacks.

Question 15

A person who lives through a terrifying and uncontrollable experience may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),a disorder characterized by chronic physiological arousal,recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma,and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind.

Question 16

One reason the RDoC was created was in response to the criticism that the biopsychosocial factors that appear to cause psychopathology do not map neatly onto individual DSM diagnoses.

Question 17

The comorbidity between anxiety and depression is significant.

Question 18

Panic attacks must be accompanied by fear of having another attack in order to receive a panic disorder diagnosis.

Question 19

The presence or absence of a diathesis determines if symptoms of a disease will manifest.

Question 20

The long-term goal of the RDoC is to better understand which abnormalities cause different disorders and to classify disorders based on those underlying causes,rather than on observed symptoms,which will bring the study of mental disorders in line with the study of other medical disorders.

Question 21

The dopamine hypothesis states that schizophrenia involves a deficit in dopamine levels.

Question 22

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)is a condition beginning in early childhood in which a person shows persistent communication deficits as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors,interests,or activities.

Question 23

Among the various mental disorders,bipolar disorder has the highest rate of heritability.

Question 24

Girls have higher rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)than do boys by a ratio of about 3:1.

Question 25

Autism is regarded as a childhood form of schizophrenia.

Question 26

Rapid cycling bipolar disorder is more common in women than it is in men.

Question 27

Symptoms must persist for at least 2 months in order to receive a diagnosis of major depressive disorder.

Question 28

Schizophrenic hallucinations are often auditory.

Question 29

Being adopted into a severely disturbed family increases the risk of schizophrenia only in those who have a biological predisposition for schizophrenia.

Question 30

Progressive brain tissue loss in schizophrenics usually begins in the parietal lobe.

Question 31

People with schizophrenia who assume an uncomfortable position and then remain there for hours are exhibiting catatonic behavior.

Question 32

Believing that the president is sending you coded messages during televised speeches is an example of a delusion.

Question 33

Some schizophrenics have enlarged brain ventricles.

Question 34

According to helplessness theory,individuals prone to depression attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal,unstable,and global.

Question 35

The dopamine hypothesis is widely accepted among psychologists.

Question 36

According to an important study,people with PTSD show a smaller-sized hippocampus,a preexisting condition that made them susceptible to developing PTSD when they were later exposed to trauma.

Question 37

Antidepressant medications usually take several weeks before they begin to alter neurotransmitter levels in the brain.

Question 38

Major depressive disorder is also known as unipolar depression.

Question 39

Hearing voices in one's head is a common symptom associated with dissociative identity disorder.

Question 40

At some time over the course of their lives,about 7% of Americans are estimated to suffer from PTSD because the effects of PTSD are now recognized not only among the victims,witnesses,and perpetrators of war but also among ordinary people who are traumatized by terrible events in civilian life.

Question 41

People with narcissistic personality disorder are "drama queens" who live their lives like they are on stage.

Question 42

The DSM-5 requires that symptoms of ADHD be present before the age of 12 in order to meet the criteria for this disorder.

Question 43

Brain imaging studies suggest that those with ADHD have smaller brain volumes as well as structural and functional abnormalities in frontosubcortical networks associated with attention and behavioral inhibition.

Question 44

Scott has always gotten into trouble.At home,he routinely bullies his little brother,throws food and toys at family members,kicks his dad,and has been getting into trouble for stealing from the local store.Scott is likely suffering from conduct disorder.

Question 45

Paranoid personality disorder is in the odd/eccentric cluster.

Question 46

Women attempt suicide more often than do men.

Question 47

People with schizoid personality are often described as loners.

Question 48

Antisocial personality disorder is associated with extreme introversion and withdrawal from relationships.

Question 49

People with antisocial personality disorder are at high risk for substance abuse.

Question 50

Many people engage in self-injury as a means of communicating distress or eliciting help from others.

Question 51

People with narcissistic personality disorder often become devastated by the end of a romantic relationship.

Question 52

The term sociopath refers to someone diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder.

Question 53

Borderline personality disorder is associated with unstable moods and stormy personal relationships.

Question 54

Meeting criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)requires having multiple symptoms of inattention (e.g. ,persistent problems with sustained attention,organization,memory,following instructions),hyperactivity-impulsiveness (e.g. ,persistent difficulties with remaining still,waiting for a turn,interrupting others),or both for at least 6 months in at least two settings (e.g. ,home and school)to the point where they impair the child's ability to perform at school or get along at home.

Question 55

The brains of those diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder tend to exhibit increased activity in the amygdala.

Question 56

Approximately 3 to 6% of adults report engaging in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)at some point in their lifetime.

Question 57

People with avoidant personality disorder actually yearn for social contact.