Question 1

Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as a common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?&#10;A)serotonin&#10;B)GABA&#10;C)acetylcholine&#10;D)norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, meaning it helps to slow down or stop the firing of neurons. Serotonin and norepinephrine are both monoamine neurotransmitters involved in regulating mood and arousal, while acetylcholine is primarily a excitatory neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement and cognitive functions.

Question 2

The part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal is called the ______________ nervous system.&#10;A)central&#10;B)somatic&#10;C)sympathetic&#10;D)parasympathetic

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's response to stress, commonly known as the "fight or flight" response, and bodily arousal. The central nervous system refers to the brain and spinal cord, while the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for calming the body down after stress or arousal.

Question 3

Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell?&#10;A)axon&#10;B)soma&#10;C)dendrite&#10;D)cell membrane

Accepted Answer

The soma, also known as the cell body, is responsible for maintaining the life of the neuron by containing the nucleus and other organelles necessary for its function, such as mitochondria which produce energy for the cell. The axon and dendrites are responsible for transmitting information, while the cell membrane acts as a barrier and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 4

Hormones are___________.&#10;A)the female gonads&#10;B)chemicals released into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands&#10;C)chemicals found in the synaptic vesicles,which when released have an effect on the next cell&#10;D)the male gonads

Accepted Answer

Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands to signal and regulate various bodily functions. They can affect target cells throughout the body and play a key role in growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The female gonads are the ovaries and the male gonads are the testes, which produce hormones but are not hormones themselves. Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters, which are responsible for communication between nerve cells and not the same as hormones.

Question 5

What part of the brain acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information?&#10;A)hypothalamus&#10;B)thalamus&#10;C)cerebellum&#10;D)pituitary gland

Accepted Answer

The thalamus acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information, receiving sensory input from the peripheral nervous system and relaying it to the appropriate regions of the cerebral cortex for processing. The hypothalamus is involved in regulating homeostasis and the pituitary gland is involved in hormone regulation, while the cerebellum controls motor coordination and balance.

Question 6

Which part of the nervous system takes the information received from the senses,makes sense out of it,makes decisions,and sends commands out to the muscles and the rest of the body?&#10;A)spinal cord&#10;B)brain&#10;C)reflexes&#10;D)interneurons

Accepted Answer

The brain is the part of the nervous system that takes in sensory information, processes it, makes decisions based on that information, and sends out commands to the muscles and the rest of the body. The spinal cord and interneurons also play important roles in relaying information between the sensory and motor systems, but the brain is the ultimate decision-maker and controller of the body's responses. Reflexes are automatic responses to certain stimuli that don't involve higher-level processing in the brain.

Question 7

A brain-imaging method using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain is called ______________.&#10;A)electroencephalography (EEG)&#10;B)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)&#10;C)positron-emission tomography (PET)&#10;D)computerized axial tomography (CT)

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the brain-imaging method that uses radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain. EEG measures electrical activity in the brain, PET measures metabolic activity in the brain using radioactive tracers, and CT scans use X-rays to produce images of the brain.

Question 8

Which of the following regions contains the primary visual cortex?&#10;A)occipital lobe&#10;B)parietal lobe&#10;C)temporal lobe&#10;D)frontal lobe

Accepted Answer

The primary visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe, which is responsible for visual processing.

Question 9

The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.&#10;A)brain;spinal cord&#10;B)autonomic;somatic nervous systems&#10;C)peripheral nervous system;central nervous system&#10;D)glands;muscles

Accepted Answer

The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, while the central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. Option A is incorrect because the brain and spinal cord are both part of the central nervous system, not separate divisions. Option B is incorrect because the somatic and autonomic nervous systems are both part of the peripheral nervous system, not separate divisions. Option D is incorrect because glands and muscles are not divisions of the nervous system, but rather structures that are influenced by nervous system activity.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the right hemisphere?&#10;A)perception,expression of emotion,and recognition of patterns&#10;B)sense of time and rhythm&#10;C)speech,handwriting,and calculation&#10;D)language processing in most individuals

Accepted Answer

Perception, expression of emotion, and recognition of patterns are all functions typically associated with the right hemisphere of the brain. The other options are more commonly associated with the left hemisphere.

Deck 2: A: Biological Perspective