Deck 32: Newborn Nutrition

Question 1

Type: FIB When teaching a new mother about infant nutrition, the nurse emphasizes that the infant requires no supplemental water because breast milk contains _______% water. Standard Text: Record your answer rounding to the nearest whole number.

Answer 1

FIB

Question 2

A patient at 20 weeks' gestation has not decided on a feeding method for her infant. She asks the nurse for advice. The nurse presents information about the advantages and disadvantages of formula-feeding and breastfeeding. Which statements by the patient indicate that the teaching was successful?

A) "Formula-feeding gives the baby protection from infections."
B) "Breast milk cannot be stored; it has to be thrown away after pumping."
C) "Breastfeeding is more expensive than formula-feeding."
D) "My baby will have a lower risk of food allergies if I breastfeed."

Answer 2

"My baby will have a lower risk of food allergies if I breastfeed."

Question 3

The nurse is teaching a prenatal class about feeding methods. A father-to-be asks the nurse which method, breast or formula, leads to the fastest infant growth and weight gain. Which response by the nurse is best? "In the first 3-4 months:

A) "Breastfed babies gain weight faster."
B) "There is no difference in weight gain."
C) "Bottle-fed babies grow faster."
D) "Growth isn't as important as your comfort with the method."

Answer 3

"Breastfed babies gain weight faster."

Question 4

A new mother is questioning the nurse about the advantages of breastfeeding her newborn. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching session?

A) Breast milk has immunological advantages, including varying degrees of protection from respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract infections.
B) Breastfeeding has been shown to increase maternal-infant attachment.
C) Breastfeeding can be initially supplemented with bottle feedings so that the father does not feel left out of the infant's care.
D) Breastfeeding often causes nipple tenderness, and may be discouraged until healing occurs.
E) Breastfeeding provides a psychologic advantage to the mother, who derives satisfaction knowing that she is providing her infant with the optimal nutritional start in life.

Question 5

A triage nurse receives a call from the mother of an infant who appears pale, is "breathing fast," and appears sleepy while feeding. What data would the nurse need to gather next?

A) Newborn's daily iron intake
B) Number of wet diapers a day
C) Skin color
D) Bilirubin level

Question 6

The community nurse is working with poor women who are formula-feeding their infants. Which statement indicates that the nurse's education session was effective?

A) "I should use only soy-based formula for the first year."
B) "I follow the instructions for mixing the powdered formula exactly."
C) "I can reuse one bottle for several feedings."
D) "The mixed formula can be left on the counter for a day."

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a premature infant in the NICU, and is going to attempt a bottle feeding with thawed breast milk. How long can thawed breast milk be stored in the refrigerator before the nurse must discard it?

A) 4 hours
B) 8 hours
C) 12 hours
D) 24 hours

Question 8

The nurse is teaching a new mother how to encourage a sleepy baby to breastfeed. All of the following activities are taught except:

A) Providing skin-to-skin contact.
B) Swaddling the newborn in a blanket.
C) Unwrapping the newborn.
D) Allowing the newborn to feel and smell the mother's breast.

Question 9

The nurse knows that in some cases, breastfeeding is not advisable. Which mother should be counseled against breastfeeding?

A) A mother with a poorly balanced diet
B) A mother who is overweight
C) A mother who is HIV-positive
D) A mother who has twins

Question 10

The nurse is performing an assessment on an infant whose mother states that she feeds the infant in a supine position by propping the bottle. Based on this information, what would the nurse include in the assessment?

A) Otoscopic exam of the eardrum
B) Bowel sounds
C) Vital signs
D) Skin assessment

Question 11

What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of formula-feeding that a nurse should discuss with new parents?

A) The nutritional value of formula depends on the proper preparation/dilution.
B) There is a potential for bacterial contamination during preparation and storage.
C) Both parents can participate in positive parent-infant interaction during feeding.
D) Refrigeration is not necessary if preparing more than one bottle at a time.
E) Formula has higher levels of essential fatty acids, lactose, cystine, and cholesterol than does breast milk.

Question 12

Which statements by a breastfeeding class participant indicate that teaching by the nurse was effective?

A) "Breastfed infants get more skin-to-skin contact and sleep better."
B) "Breastfeeding raises the level of a hormone that makes me feel good."
C) "Breastfeeding is complex and difficult, and I probably won't succeed."
D) "Breastfeeding is worthwhile, even if it costs more overall."
E) "Breastfed infants have fewer digestive and respiratory illnesses."

Question 13

A mother states that her breasts leak between feedings. Which of the following can contribute to the letdown reflex in breastfeeding mothers?

A) Pain with breastfeeding
B) Number of hours passed since last feeding
C) The newborn's cry
D) Maternal fluid intake

Question 14

What interventions would the nurse apply to support the breastfeeding mother? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices re selected. Standard Text:

A) Assist the mother to begin breastfeeding within the first hour after birth.
B) Have the baby returned to the nursery after feeding so that the mother can get adequate rest.
C) Teach the mother to recognize and respond to early infant feeding cues.
D) Inform the mother about community resources that support breastfeeding.
E) Instruct the mother to avoid eating foods that might upset the newborn's stomach

Question 15

Type: SEQ The nurse is demonstrating to a patient the proper steps for breastfeeding a newborn. Put these steps in the logical order that would assist the patient in placing the newborn to her breast. Standard Text: Click and drag the options below to move them up or down.

A) Tickle the newborn's lips with the nipple.
B) Allow the newborn to latch on to the nipple.
C) The newborn opens her mouth wide.
D) Have the newborn face the mother tummy to tummy.
E) Position the newborn so the nose is at the level of the nipple.

Question 16

When teaching the new mother about the composition of breast milk, the nurse explains that the fat content can range from 30 to 50 grams/liter. Which factors affect the fat content of breast milk?

A) Maternal parity
B) Duration of pregnancy
C) The stage of lactation
D) Time of day
E) Vitamin C intake

Question 17

A mother is concerned that her newborn does not appear to be alert enough to feed and is very irritable. Which data documented in the mother's birth record might contribute to this newborn's behavior?

A) Length of labor was 8 hours.
B) Epidural during labor
C) Blood pressure of 114/82
D) Short second stage of labor

Question 18

When a breastfeeding mother complains that her breasts are leaking milk, the nurse can offer which effective intervention?

A) Decrease the number of minutes the newborn is at the breast per feeding.
B) Decrease the mother's fluid intake.
C) Place absorbent pads in the bra.
D) Administer oxytocin.

Question 19

Type: SEQ A premature newborn is unable to suck at the breast. The nurse plans care for the mother, who is going to hand-express milk. Arrange the steps for milk expression in the correct order. Standard Text: Click and drag the options below to move them up or down.

A) Roll the thumb and fingers simultaneously forward.
B) Position the thumb at 12:00 and the forefinger and middle finger at 6:00 around the areola.
C) Repeat the sequence multiple times to completely drain the breasts.
D) Stretch the areola back toward the chest wall without lifting the fingers off the breast.

Question 20

A nurse is evaluating the diet plan of a breastfeeding mother. Which beverage is most likely to cause intolerance in the infant?

A) Orange juice
B) Milk
C) Decaffeinated tea
D) Water

Question 21

What are the nurse's responsibilities when teaching the new mother about infant feeding?

A) The nurse should be well informed about infant nutrition and feeding methods.
B) The nurse should provide accurate and consistent information.
C) The nurse should use each interaction to support the parents and promote the family's sense of confidence.
D) The nurse should familiarize the mother with information about community resources that might be helpful after discharge.
E) The nurse should aggressively promote breastfeeding, even if the parents have decided to bottle-feed their infant.

Question 22

The nurse is preparing a class on breastfeeding for pregnant women in their first trimester. The women are from a variety of cultural backgrounds, and all speak English well. Which statement should the nurse include in this presentation?

A) "Although some cultures believe colostrum is not good for the baby, it provides protection from infections and helps the digestive system to function."
B) "Some women are uncomfortable with exposing their breasts to nurse their infant, but it really isn't a big deal. You will get used to it."
C) "No religion prescribes a feeding method, so you all can choose whatever method makes the most sense to you."
D) "Many cultures consider skinny babies to be healthier than chubby babies. Breastfeeding is best for those people."

Question 23

The nurse is completing the discharge teaching of a young first-time mother. Which statement by the mother requires immediate intervention?

A) "I will put my baby to bed with his bottle so he doesn't get hungry during the night."
B) "My baby will probably have a bowel movement each breastfeeding, and will wet often."
C) "Nursing every 1-2 hours is normal, for a total of 8-12 feedings every day."
D) "I will drink yarrow tea from my grandmother to prevent my milk from coming in."

Question 24

A new mother who is breastfeeding tells the nurse that her infant is spitting up frequently, has very loose stools and copious gas, and feeds for only short periods of time. The nurse suspects a feeding intolerance and, after questioning the mother about her diet, suggests that she:

A) Stop breastfeeding and switch to formula.
B) Eliminate dairy products from her diet.
C) Supplement breastfeeding with a soy-based formula.
D) Offer the baby water between feedings.

Question 25

The nurse is working with a new mother who delivered yesterday. The mother has chosen to breastfeed her infant. Which demonstration of skill is the best indicator that the patient understands breastfeeding?

A) She puts the infant to breast when he is asleep to help wake him up.
B) She takes off her gown to achieve skin-to-skin contact.
C) She holds the infant so that he turns his head to access the nipple.
D) The infant is crying when he is brought to the breast.

Question 26

The nurse has completed a community education session on growth patterns of infants. Which statement by a participant indicates that additional teaching is needed?

A) "Newborns should regain their birth weight by 1 week of age."
B) "Breast reduction surgery can lead to not making enough milk for the baby."
C) "Most babies stay at about the same percentile of growth as at birth."
D) "Babies fed on demand grow faster than babies fed on a schedule."

Question 27

The nurse is caring for a new breastfeeding mother who is from Pakistan. The nurse plans her care so that the newborn is offered the breast on the:

A) Day of birth.
B) First day after birth.
C) Second day after birth.
D) Third to fourth day after birth.

Question 28

What information should the nurse include when teaching a new mother how to successfully bottle-feed her newborn?

A) Proper dilution of powdered formula is essential to provide adequate nutrition.
B) Keep formula at room temperature for at least 4 hours to warm it, instead of microwaving it.
C) Use enough water to dilute the nutrient and calorie density so the infant will drink more formula.
D) Freeze newly prepared formula for up to 3 months.

Question 29

A community nurse is visiting a new mother and her newborn in their home. The mother is concerned that her baby is not gaining enough weight. To encourage proper weight gain, the mother should be instructed to:

A) Dilute formula with water.
B) Offer 12-32 ounces of formula every 24 hours.
C) Offer formula every 6-8 hours.
D) Provide skim milk exclusively.

Question 30

The nurse encourages a new mother to feed the newborn as soon as the newborn shows interest. The nurse bases this recommendation on which benefits of early feedings?

A) Early feedings stimulate peristalsis.
B) Colostrum is thinner than mature milk.
C) Early feedings enhance maternal-infant attachment.
D) Early feedings decrease the risk of jaundice.
E) Colostrum contains a high number of calories.

Question 31

The nurse is working with a patient from Southeast Asia. The patient tells the nurse that she should not put the baby to breast until her milk comes in and her breasts are warm, because "cold milk" (colostrum) is bad for the baby. After the nurse explains the benefits of colostrum, the patient still insists that "cold milk" is bad. Which response by the nurse is best?

A) "What kind of formula would you like to use?"
B) "That idea is folklore. Colostrum is good for the baby."
C) "Now that you are here, you need to feed your baby the right way."
D) "Let's give the baby formula after you breastfeed."

Question 32

The nurse is explaining the nutritional differences between breast milk and formula to an expectant couple. The mother-to-be asks whether breast milk is nutritionally superior to formula. The nurse should reply that:

A) The vitamins and minerals in formula are more bioavailable to the infant.
B) There is no cholesterol in breast milk.
C) The only carbohydrate in breast milk is lactose.
D) The ratio of whey to casein proteins in breast milk changes to meet the nutritional needs of the growing infant.

Question 33

The nurse is assisting a mother to bottle-feed her newborn, who has been crying. The nurse suggests that prior to feeding, the mother should:

A) Offer a pacifier.
B) Burp the newborn.
C) Unwrap the newborn.
D) Stroke the newborn's spine and feet.

Question 34

A patient from Mexico has just delivered a son, and the nurse offers to assist in putting the baby to breast. Although the patient indicated before the birth that she wanted to breastfeed, she is very hesitant, and says she would like to bottle-feed for the first few days. After talking to her, the nurse understands that her primary reason for wanting to delay breastfeeding is based on her cultural belief that:

A) Breast milk causes skin rashes.
B) It is harmful to breastfeed immediately.
C) Colostrum is bad for the baby.
D) Thin milk causes diarrhea.

Question 35

A nurse is evaluating the diet plan of a breastfeeding mother, and determines that her intake of fruits and vegetables is inadequate. The nurse explains that the nutritional composition of the mother's breast milk can be adversely affected by this nutritional inadequacy. Which strategy should the nurse recommend to the mother?

A) Stop breastfeeding.
B) Provide newborn supplements to the newborn.
C) Offer whole milk.
D) Supplement with skim milk.