Deck 1: Who Am I Understanding the Building Blocks of Personality

Question 1

Within the scientific method, in order for a theory to prevail it must

A) be the most popular theory.
B) provide falsification of other competing theories.
C) be supported by evidence.
D) not be based on hunches.

Answer 1

be supported by evidence.

Question 2

Some research suggests that all of the following ________ are related to neurological differences which may be present at birth or develop soon after.

A) extroversion
B) criminal potential
C) neuroticism
D) impulsivity

Answer 2

criminal potential

Question 3

As a researcher you are interested in how your subjects will behave in a laboratory situation. You will be interested in collecting what type of data?

A) Test
B) Self-Report
C) Life
D) Observations from friends

Answer 3

Test

Question 4

According to _______ theory, when people feel free to choose, are competent at what they do, and are connected to people around them, they will be motivated and self-directed for the task at hand.

A) self efficacy
B) self determination
C) free will
D) psychodynamic

Question 5

_________ help scientists ask new questions and suggest both where to look for answers and what kinds of answers they might find.

A) Traits
B) Observations
C) Hypotheses
D) Theories

Question 6

Psychological research relies on ________________, which describes how to make and test observations about the world in order to draw conclusions while minimizing error or bias.

A) intuition
B) the scientific method
C) epistemology
D) clinical methodology

Question 7

A person's typical way of thinking, feeling, and acting, in various situations, at different times are known as her/his _______.

A) fixed patterns
B) genetic makeup
C) unconscious motivations
D) traits

Question 8

Which of the following is considered as medium correlation?

A) r = .25
B) r = .43
C) r = .62
D) r = .81

Question 9

Most psychologists agree that to understand personality we need to understand all of the following

A) traits.
B) genetics.
C) superego traits.
D) regulation and motivation.

Question 10

The statistic indicated by the symbol "r" is called the

A) relational ratio.
B) mean.
C) correlation coefficient.
D) r-test.

Question 11

Self and ________ encompass our own sense of who we are including our self-concept and self-esteem.

A) ego
B) traits
C) personality
D) identity

Question 12

________________ is a personality trait that describes how anxious and vulnerable to negative emotions a person is.

A) Anxiety
B) Psychoticism
C) Neuroticism
D) Oedipal complex

Question 13

The most widely used method in personality research is (are)

A) behavioral observations.
B) reaction time procedures.
C) self-report scales and questionnaires.
D) experience sampling.

Question 14

The textbook states that many personality variables have a genetic component. It also suggests that _____________ have (has) an environmental component.

A) very few of them
B) some of them
C) most of them
D) every one of them

Question 15

Freud suggested that physical disorders often have _________ causes that are ________.

A) physiological; incurable
B) genetic; unconscious
C) psychological; unconscious
D) neurological; curable

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT generally done when conducting a correlational study?

A) The calculation of an "r" value
B) The manipulation of variables
C) The observation of two variables
D) The study of genetic variables

Question 17

All of the following are part of a true experiment

A) the random assignment of subjects.
B) the manipulation of variables.
C) a control condition.
D) a correlation coefficient

Question 18

It is suggested in Chapter 1 that one human universal is the desire for __________(i.e. to develop and express our individual identity).

A) enlightenment
B) humanization
C) personality
D) actualization

Question 19

A good starting point for the development of a hypothesis is

A) an experiment.
B) a hunch.
C) a personality questionnaire.
D) an observational study.

Question 20

In terms of levels of personality, the textbook suggests that genes are on the ______-level.

A) micro
B) macro
C) meta
D) subconscious

Question 21

A correlational coefficient is indicated by the symbol __.

Question 22

One of the most important procedures designed to implement the principle of respect for persons involved in psychological research is ___________.

A) random assignment
B) informed consent
C) confidential data collection
D) subject dialogue

Question 23

The Common Rule mandates that institutions that conduct research maintain

A) an institutional review board.
B) a compensation fund.
C) a research approval committee.
D) an research ombudsperson.

Question 24

In research ethics the principle of __________ for persons includes allowing potential subjects to choose for themselves whether they wish to participate in a study or not.

Question 25

In an experiment you are interested in how fear affects attitudes towards child rearing styles. In your experiment your measure of attitudes towards child rearing styles will be your ______ variable.

Question 26

An example of unethical research mentioned in the book was the Tuskegee __________ study.

A) Schizophrenia
B) Parkinson
C) Twin
D) Syphilis

Question 27

Personality researchers who focus on how people process information and generate expectations about the future are likely _____________ psychologists.

Question 28

Science progresses along a continuum from casual observations to controlled experimentation in which researchers attempt to prove a theory __________.

Question 29

Many things can be learned from a correlational study, but such a study cannot tell a researcher about _____________.

Question 30

Counting how many times a person's photo appeared in her or his yearbook would be an example of __________ data.

Question 31

________ are a person's typical way of thinking, feeling, and acting, in various situations, at different times.

Question 32

Personality psychology uses the scientific method to study individual __________.

Question 33

The term used by the textbook for the study of how our brain and nervous system affect personality and behavior is______________.

Question 34

__________ is a personality trait that describes how anxious and vulnerable to negative emotions a person is.

Question 35

As a researcher, you are interested in cause and effect. You need to know how one variable causes another. You will need to use a research design known as a true _______________.

Question 36

The building block of regulation and _____________ is concerned with how people adjust their responses to the environment, both consciously and unconsciously.

Question 37

Even though many personality variables have a genetic component, all of them also have an ___________component.

Question 38

The principle that researchers should do no harm to research subjects is known as

A) natural justice
B) common sense
C) Morgan's Canon
D) beneficence

Question 39

Freud suggested that early experiences left an indelible ______ imprint on our adult personalities.

Question 40

In an experiment the variable that the researchers manipulate is known as the ___________ variable.

Question 41

Your research group has agreed to abide by the Common Rule that was derived from the Belmont Report. As a result your research proposals will be submitted to a(n) ______________ review board.

Question 42

Discuss the difference in design and type of information gathered by correlational studies vs. true experiments.

Question 43

Briefly describe one unethical experiment, either real or hypothetical, and the principals in place as a result of the Belmont Report that would make such an experiment difficult to conduct today.

Question 44

Describe the general source of information for different types of personality data.

Question 45

The principal of ___________ suggests that the benefits of research should be shared equally among potential research populations.

Question 46

Briefly describe the various building blocks of personality discussed in the textbook.