Deck 13: Resilience: an Integrative

Question 1

The textbook suggests that each of the following is involved in helping hardy people rebound from difficulty or stress,

A) Hardy people use their pessimism to motivate changes in their situation.
B) Hardy people can alter their perceptions of a situation.
C) Hardy people are used to active problem solving.
D) Hardy people are generally more engaged with people.

Answer 1

Hardy people use their pessimism to motivate changes in their situation.

Question 2

________________ models suggest that there may be some underlying genetic or constitutional factor that influences both personality and disease.

A) Constitutional predisposition
B) Interactional stress moderation
C) Health behavior
D) Transactional stress moderation

Answer 2

Constitutional predisposition

Question 3

In theorizing about the nature of hardiness, early research suggested that executives who stayed healthy in the face of stress were higher in the three C's. All of the following are among the "three C's" EXETPT

A) Control.
B) Caring.
C) Commitment.
D) Challenge.

Answer 3

Caring.

Question 4

Summarizing several research studies that looked at what allows resilient people to recover faster from stressful situations, the textbook suggests that the key component may well be their ability to regulate

A) negative emotions.
B) positive emotions.
C) negative perceptions.
D) anxiety.

Question 5

You are involved in conducting a study of health, and dividing your groups based on their scores on a trait test that includes Neuroticism and sensation seeking. It is most likely that you are doing research into the _________________ model.

A) psychodynamic development
B) health behavior
C) interactional stress moderation
D) transactional stress moderation

Question 6

Recent research has suggested that all of the following roles are played by positive emotions

A) They increase flexibility in thinking and problem solving.
B) They help undo physiological effects caused by negative emotions.
C) They increase activity in the regions of the brain that are used to attract social aid.
D) They trigger an upward spiral of increased well being.

Question 7

A research group is looking at the effects of optimism vs. pessimism on the number of killer T-cells in an individual's immune system. Likely, they are working on the ___________ model of the impact of personality on health.

A) constitutional predisposition
B) interactional stress
C) personal immune
D) health behavior

Question 8

According to _________ models, some personality traits, like Neuroticism or sensation seeking, may influence a person's exposure to stressful or dangerous circumstances.

A) transactional stress moderation
B) health behavior
C) constitutional predisposition
D) interactional stress moderation

Question 9

The textbook lists four models that have been proposed to explain how personality impacts health. All of the following are included in that list

A) Health behavior.
B) Psychodynamic development.
C) Transactional stress moderation.
D) Constitutional predisposition.

Question 10

Robins et al identified three personality types, which differed in the extent to which they were able to regulate their own behaviors. Those types included all of the following

A) Self-contained.
B) Overcontrolled.
C) Undercontrolled.
D) Resilient.

Question 11

Maddi and his colleagues have observed that people high in hardiness turn potentially stressful situations into something less threatening and ultimately even growth enhancing with what they term _________ coping.

A) self-actualizing
B) enlightened
C) transformational
D) mindful

Question 12

Based on the research of Maddi, et al, if you were asked to set up a program for middle managers in a company to reduce their likelihood of stress and burnout, you would want to be sure to include

A) relaxation training.
B) meditation.
C) training in transformational coping.
D) lessons in nutrition.

Question 13

In comparing positive with negative emotions, all of the following have been discovered

A) Negative emotions are associated with only one brain region while several regions can trigger positive emotions.
B) Negative emotions involve more physiological arousal than positive ones.
C) Negative emotions outnumber positive ones.
D) Negative emotions have unique facial expressions associated with them whereas many positive emotions use some variation on the Duchenne smile.

Question 14

The term ________ refers to the ability to recover from tragedy, adversity, hardship, or to adapt to ongoing life stressors.

A) mental toughness
B) resilience
C) recovery strength
D) adaptability

Question 15

According to _____________ models, some people, like those higher in Consciousness or with an internal locus of control, adopt a healthier lifestyle and take better care of themselves such as eating a healthy diet, exercising, and not smoking.

A) transactional stress moderation
B) constitutional predisposition
C) interactional stress moderation
D) health behavior

Question 16

Hans Selye applied the term _______ to individuals who experienced high levels of stress without becoming ill.

A) self-actualizing
B) hardy
C) immune
D) eustressed

Question 17

The term ego-resilience used to be used to refer to the ability to modify one's response to meet the requirements of a stressful situation and to return to one's characteristic level of self-regulation after a stressor. Researchers today refer to this concept as

A) ego strength.
B) trait strength.
C) trait resilience.
D) self-strength.

Question 18

The textbook lists four potential responses to trauma and includes all of the following

A) Thriving.
B) Resilience.
C) Post Traumatic Stress.
D) Survival with impairment.

Question 19

The textbook lists all of the following as problems with the concept of hardiness

A) It could be that the three components of hardiness - control, commitment, and challenge - could be separate components rather than aspects of a single personality type.
B) It could be that hardiness is not a unique concept, but that it overlaps with other concepts such as dispositional optimism.
C) Hardiness could be a simple self-fulfilling prophecy. If an individual believes she or he will get sick less, then that may come to pass.
D) It looks like hardiness is related to lower levels of illness and distress, but we don't know why. It could be due to a bias in how people fill out self-report questionnaires.

Question 20

________________ models suggest that personality characteristics modify physiological responses by reducing or increasing them.

A) Transactional stress moderation
B) Constitutional predisposition
C) Interactional stress moderation
D) Health behavior

Question 21

In looking at who tends to be happy, the textbook suggests that all of the following are characteristic of happy people

A) high self-esteem.
B) high external locus of control.
C) high extraversion.
D) low Neuroticism.

Question 22

The ability to recover from tragedy, adversity, hardship, or to adapt to ongoing life stressors is called __________.

Question 23

In the 1950s, Hans Selye observed that some people were able to experience high levels of stress without becoming ill. He labeled these people as ________.

Question 24

One of the essential features of positive emotions is that they function as

A) mental aides.
B) rewards.
C) neuromodulators.
D) aphrodisiacs.

Question 25

One of the four models of how personality impacts health is the health ______________ model.

Question 26

Maddi and colleagues call it ____________ coping when people high in hardiness turn a negative experience into something less threatening and, ultimately, even growth enhancing.

Question 27

According to the textbook, __________ is the most negative level of functioning following an adverse event.

Question 28

According to the textbook, _______ is the most positive level of functioning following an adverse event.

Question 29

Further research into the observation that positive emotions broaden one's way of thinking and negative emotions reduce the desire to act and cause a narrowing of attention and thought have been linked to the corresponding levels of the neurotransmitter ___________.

A) dopamine
B) actine
C) serotonin
D) GABA

Question 30

Summarizing the research on hardy or resilient personality types, the textbook concludes that

A) hardiness and resilience are likely one trait.
B) there is likely one common set of behaviors that lead to resilience.
C) rather than one hardy or resilient personality type, there may be many pathways to resilience.
D) the validity of the concept of reliance has not been established.

Question 31

The theory that suggests that positive emotions, such as joy, interest, contentment, and love, expand people's awareness, thoughts, and actions is known as the ________-and-build theory.

A) increase
B) facilitate
C) consolidate
D) broaden

Question 32

The textbook suggests that there is a remarkable overlap between all of the following concepts

A) hardiness.
B) stamina.
C) trait resilience.
D) positive emotions.

Question 33

One study summarized in the textbook suggested that ________ provided greater protection against illness than social support or physical exercise.

Question 34

People characterized as hardy tend to have high _________ locus of control

Question 35

One of the four models of how personality impacts health is the constitutional _________ model.

Question 36

The textbook lists seven habits of highly resilient people which include all of the following

A) strong religious conviction.
B) a meaningful life.
C) gratitude.
D) loving relationships with family and friends

Question 37

In developing a program to assist individuals recovering from the loss of a spouse, you include a training section in which you teach helpers how to

A) elicit the pain of the loss.
B) begin a process of catharsis.
C) encourage discussions that involve humor.
D) encourage social isolation for the first few weeks after the loss.

Question 38

The textbook reports the observation that executives who stayed healthy despite being under high stress were higher in the three Cs of control, commitment, and __________.

Question 39

The textbook suggests that having meaning in one's life is associated with all of the following

A) increased immune system functioning.
B) feelings of flow.
C) increased levels of positive emotion.
D) increased intelligence.

Question 40

In reviewing the literature on positive emotions, the author of the textbook concludes that

A) well being was not related so much to level of positive emotions as to the level of broad-mindedness.
B) the amount of distress an individual experienced was related to how broad-minded their coping style was.
C) subjects who relied on broad-minded coping experienced fewer negative emotions.
D) positive emotions led to a broader way of thinking, which in turn led to broader way of coping.

Question 41

According to the ________-and-build theory, positive emotions expand people's awareness, thoughts, and actions.

Question 42

With regard to physiological findings, positive emotions may help the body recover faster from _____________ reactivity.

Question 43

In a study of adolescent boys, researchers identified three personality types that differed in the extent to which they were able to regulate their own behaviors: overcontrolled, undercontrolled, and _________. This last group was best able to regulate their own behavior.

Question 44

The ability to modify one's responses to meet the requirements of a stressful situation and return to one's characteristic level of self-regulation after a stressor is known as ________ _________.

Question 45

Discuss the effects of two of the seven habits of highly resilient people as presented in the textbook.

Question 46

Discuss the problems suggested about the concept of hardiness from recent research.

Question 47

With regard to the relationship between cognition and emotions, the textbook suggests that positive emotions increase _____________ of thinking.

Question 48

Describe the three characteristics ascribed to hardiness in the textbook.

Question 49

Describe how positive emotions appear to repair some of the harmful effects of negative emotions.

Question 50

The textbook compares and contrasts negative emotions and positive emotions. Summarize this comparison.

Question 51

The key component of resilience may be the ability to regulate __________ emotions.

Question 52

Describe the basic features of personality resilience.

Question 53

Ego-resilience is now called _________ resilience.

Question 54

Research has suggested that positive emotions tend to increase the use of ________-minded coping style

Question 55

Discuss the nature of "happy" people as outlined in the textbook.

Question 56

The textbook suggests that there is a remarkable overlap between trait resilience, positive emotions, and _____________.

Question 57

The textbook describes four models of the impact of personality on health. Compare and contrast two of these models.

Question 58

"I am generous with my friends." "I am regarded as a very energetic person." "I like to do new and different things." "I get over my anger at someone reasonably quickly." These are all items taken from the _____-_______ scale.