Question 1

Will went into therapy for depression. The depression started when his 3-year relationship ended. Will reported thinking that "something was wrong with him, no one wanted him, and he would be alone for the rest of his life." The therapist focused on reminding Will of his other intimate relationships and getting Will to see that he was not alone because he had friends and family. Which kind of therapy was Will's therapist using?

A)cognitive restructuring
B)psychodynamic
C)behavior
D)humanistic

cognitive restructuring

Accepted Answer

Cognitive restructuring involves identifying and changing negative thought patterns that contribute to psychological distress. In this scenario, the therapist is helping Will to challenge and reshape his negative beliefs about himself and his prospects for the future.

Question 2

Herbal remedies and natural products that can be purchased in the United States:&#10;A)are empirically shown to be effective in treating psychological disorders.&#10;B)have been deemed safe by the Food and Drug Administration.&#10;C)may be effective in treating certain psychological disorders, but further research must be done.&#10;D)almost always produce negative psychological side effects.

Accepted Answer

While some herbal remedies and natural products may have anecdotal evidence of effectiveness in treating certain psychological disorders, there is not enough empirical evidence to support their widespread use. The FDA also does not regulate these products in the same way it regulates prescription medication, so their safety and effectiveness are not always guaranteed. Further research needs to be done to determine the efficacy and safety of these remedies.

Question 3

A highly effective way to reduce the fear associated with specific objects and eventually overcome a phobia is to:&#10;A)avoid any experiences associated with the feared object or event.&#10;B)confront the fear by gradually increasing exposure to the feared object or event.&#10;C)present the feared object or event at random times when the person is not expecting it.&#10;D)punish any fearful reactions by the individual when she comes in contact with the feared object or event.

Accepted Answer

Confronting the fear by gradually increasing exposure to the feared object or event is known as systematic desensitization, which is a highly effective method for treating specific phobias. Avoiding the feared object or event only reinforces the phobia, and presenting it randomly or punishing fearful reactions can lead to increased anxiety and trauma.

Question 4

A father is having trouble with the conduct of his teenage son. The son does not like to study or perform his assigned household chores. The therapist suggests that the father identify activities that his son enjoys, such as playing video games, and only provide access to these activities upon completion of the homework and chores. The therapist is implementing a _____ therapy.

A)behavior
B)psychodynamic interpersonal
C)existential
D)cognitive

Accepted Answer

The therapist's suggestion of using rewards to reinforce desired behaviors, such as completing homework and chores, is a hallmark of behavior therapy.

Question 5

Couples and family therapy addresses problems with:&#10;A)the individual in the relationship creating the most conflict.&#10;B)the relationship that is the source of conflict.&#10;C)the individual in the relationship that is experiencing the most distress.&#10;D)each individual separately, focusing on his or her unique childhood experiences.

Accepted Answer

Couples and family therapy is designed to address problems within the relationship that are causing conflict. The therapy focuses on improving communication and addressing issues together, rather than just looking at one individual's experiences or behaviors.

Question 6

If 100 adults were randomly selected from the population and assessed, about how many of them would meet the diagnostic criteria for a psychological disorder?&#10;A)5&#10;B)15&#10;C)25&#10;D)45

Accepted Answer

Approximately 25% of adults in the general population meet the criteria for a psychological disorder at some point in their lives, so out of 100 adults, about 25 would meet the criteria.

Question 7

The empty chair technique, which involves role-playing an imaginary exchange between the client and another person, is associated with which therapy treatment?&#10;A)group&#10;B)person-centered&#10;C)Gestalt&#10;D)behavior

Accepted Answer

The empty chair technique is a commonly used tool in Gestalt therapy, which focuses on increasing self-awareness and personal responsibility through direct experience in the present moment. The technique involves the client switching between two empty chairs, one representing themselves and the other representing another person, and engaging in a dialogue between the two chairs. This technique encourages clients to confront and express their emotions towards the other person and gain a deeper understanding of their own feelings and perspectives.

Question 8

Koby went into therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Her therapist asked her to create a list of things that made her anxious, and then assigned rewards to be earned if she confronted and successfully dealt with these things. Each week, she was assigned an event on the list as homework. During therapy sessions, Koby discussed her weekly progress, and her therapist was careful to detect and challenge irrational beliefs about her anxiety and replace them with more realistic beliefs. Koby received _____ therapy.

A)behavioral-existential
B)psychodynamic
C)cognitive
D)cognitive behavioral therapy

Accepted Answer

The therapy described in the passage involves the use of rewards for behavior change, homework assignments, and challenging and replacing irrational thoughts with more realistic ones, all of which are key techniques in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Question 9

A psychoanalyst may help clients gain insight into their unconscious through each of these techniques EXCEPT:&#10;A)analyzing their dreams.&#10;B)using free association.&#10;C)introspecting about the structure of consciousness.&#10;D)the analyst interpreting the underlying meaning of the client's behavior.

Accepted Answer

Introspection about the structure of consciousness is a technique used in structuralism, not psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis focuses on the unconscious and uses techniques such as analyzing dreams, free association, and interpreting the underlying meaning of behavior to gain insight into the unconscious.

Question 10

The psychodynamic approach to therapy generally focuses on exploring _____ to develop insight into an individual's psychological problems.&#10;A)traumatic events throughout the life span&#10;B)childhood events&#10;C)adulthood events&#10;D)the power of positive thinking

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach places significant emphasis on the role of childhood experiences, particularly with parents or caregivers, in shaping an individual's personality and psychological functioning. Therefore, exploring these experiences is essential in developing insight into an individual's psychological difficulties. While traumatic events may be explored, they are not the sole focus of this approach. The psychodynamic approach does not emphasize positive thinking as a primary method of addressing psychological problems.

Question 11

Traditional antipsychotic drugs, such as Thorazine, do very well in reducing _____ symptoms associated with schizophrenia but show little to no improvement for _____ symptoms.&#10;A)inhibited; uninhibited&#10;B)uninhibited; inhibited&#10;C)positive; negative&#10;D)negative; positive

Accepted Answer

The answer of Traditional antipsychotic drugs, such as Thorazine, do...

Question 12

_____ have a PhD or a PsyD, which qualifies them to assess, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders, but they usually do not prescribe medication.&#10;A)Psychologists&#10;B)Counselors&#10;C)Psychiatrists&#10;D)Social workers

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ have a PhD or a PsyD,...

Question 13

Eclectic psychotherapy is often rated as the most commonly used treatment among practicing therapists and involves using:&#10;A)electroshock therapy and a variety of antipsychotic drugs.&#10;B)holistic natural medicine supplemented with intense psychoanalysis.&#10;C)a variety of techniques depending on the client and the problem.&#10;D)hypnosis, herbal remedies, and alternative therapy as an initial treatment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eclectic psychotherapy is often rated as the...

Question 14

The placebo effect is an example of:&#10;A)a nonspecific treatment effect.&#10;B)a specific treatment effect.&#10;C)natural improvement.&#10;D)a reconstructive memory effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The placebo effect is an example of:&#10;A)a...

Deck 16: Section 5: Treatment of Psychological Disorders