Deck 30: Life in an Age of Globalization 1990 to the Present

Question 1

What was a major reason for the decline of western European birthrates?

A)Married women entering careers and the related drive for gender equality
B)Increasing rates of homosexuality
C)State policies discouraging childbearing
D)The decline of religious belief

Answer 1

Married women entering careers and the related drive for gender equality

Question 2

What was a characteristic of the multitiered society established by deindustrialization in the twenty-first century?

A)The top tier of society was a small, affluent group of highly paid experts, executives, and professionals.
B)Race or ethnicity seldom determined inclusion in the bottom tier of society.
C)The second tier of the middle class enjoyed rising incomes and an improved standard of living.
D)Workers in the second and third tiers were provided generous welfare and workplace benefits.

Answer 2

The top tier of society was a small, affluent group of highly paid experts, executives, and professionals.

Question 3

Why did nationalists oppose the proposed European Union Constitution?

A)They refused to abandon their national militaries.
B)They believed other nations and people were inferior.
C)They feared losing political sovereignty and cultural identity.
D)They rejected the undemocratic nature of the EU.

Answer 3

They feared losing political sovereignty and cultural identity.

Question 4

In addition to the emergence of married career women, why else have European birthrates declined substantially?

A)Expanded availability of effective birth control
B)Decline in religious belief and practice
C)Uninspiring economic conditions
D)Growing infertility as a result of environmental pollution

Question 5

In the former Soviet bloc, who were the winners and losers in economic reconstruction?

A)Veterans and factory workers were losers; scholars and organized crime leaders were big winners.
B)Ordinary citizens and the elderly were losers; the young and ex-Communists were winners.
C)Ex-Communists and government officials were losers; skilled technicians and scientists were winners.
D)Corporate managers and bankers were losers; construction workers and the military were winners.

Question 6

The Persian Gulf War in 1991 clearly demonstrated

A)the disunity among the world community.
B)the lingering resentment of the Arab world against the United States.
C)the effort of the United States and western Europe to promote international consensus under U.S. guidance.
D)U)S. unwillingness to deploy troops in large numbers in the Middle East.

Question 7

What is the consequence of globalization for national economies?

A)They are able to specialize in the production of a smaller range of products.
B)Their commercial wealth can be much more efficiently taxed.
C)They lose all distinctive regional variation.
D)They are much more vulnerable to worldwide economic panics.

Question 8

Serbian president Slobodan Milošević's actions in 1990 hastened separatism and civil war in Yugoslavia. His ultimate goal was to establish

A)Greater Serbia.
B)the Muslim League of the Balkans.
C)the League of Communists States.
D)the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Question 9

What was the consequence for European national governments in meeting the fiscal standards to join the monetary union?

A)Governments sparked considerable economic growth as they balanced their budgets.
B)Governments drastically reduced their borrowing, freeing more capital for business investment.
C)Governments had to reduce health and social benefits for their citizens.
D)Governments had to substantially increase taxes on service industries.

Question 10

Which of the following characterizes the presidency of Vladimir Putin in Russia?

A)He pursued strong free-market reforms that allowed Russia to break free of its socialist economic heritage.
B)He sought Russia's full admission into the European Union and its acceptance as a "normal" state.
C)He reasserted anti-Western Russian nationalism and centralized political authority in the Kremlin.
D)He worked to weed out corruption of Russia's political system in order to secure liberal political gains.

Question 11

Why were Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary the most successful eastern European nations at economic modernization?

A)They provided the largest government subsidies to new industries and businesses and repealed most labor laws.
B)They quickly opened their economies to foreign investment and had no labor unions.
C)They had never collectivized agriculture.
D)They were flexible in the adoption of economic policies and had an enthusiastic entrepreneurial class.

Question 12

What event finally galvanized NATO action against the Bosnian Serbs?

A)The discovery of ethnic-cleansing policies
B)The slaughter of thousands of citizens in Srebrenica
C)The invasion of Bosnia by the regular Serbian army
D)The fear of Russian intervention on the Bosnian Serb side

Question 13

What type of policies do the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization pursue?

A)Socialist policies that promote economic equality
B)Environmental policies that encourage sustainable development
C)Monetary policies to create a single currency
D)Neoliberal economic policies promoting free markets and trade

Question 14

When the Russian government launched rapid privatization in the 1990s, it provided each citizen with a voucher worth

A)1,000 rubles.
B)10,000 rubles.
C)20,000 rubles.
D)100,000 rubles.

Question 15

Which of the following characterizes the daily life of most immigrants to Europe in the twenty-first century?

A)They live in separate city districts marked by poor housing and crowded conditions.
B)They work as highly trained technical specialists.
C)They refuse to become a part of European art, music, or culture.
D)They de-emphasize their cultural origins by adopting European consumer habits.

Question 16

It is estimated that between 1993 and 2003, illegal immigration into the European Union

A)remained constant at about 50,000 persons annually.
B)dropped quickly from 50,000 to 10,000 persons per year.
C)rose from 50,000 to about 500,000 persons per year.
D)disappeared entirely owing to tighter border security measures.

Question 17

Who is Vladimir Putin?

A)Head of the KGB under Mikhail Gorbachev
B)Leader of the Chechen independence movement
C)President of Russia beginning in 2000
D)Yeltsin's chief economic adviser

Question 18

At the end of the twentieth century, international trade was deeply affected by the development of the Internet and

A)the deregulation of financial systems.
B)the consolidation of merchant marine networks.
C)the formation of the International Monetary Fund.
D)the establishment of the World Trade Court.

Question 19

In 1990, what percentage of the French population believed that there were "too many Arabs"?

A)Less than 5 percent
B)37 percent
C)10 percent
D)70 percent

Question 20

Why did the rapid economic liberalization of Russia work poorly?

A)Production of many items was concentrated in one or two giant factories.
B)Russia depended too much on investment and management skills from abroad.
C)The government passed too many economic regulations, effectively repressing entrepreneurship.
D)Russia lost access to many raw materials as its empire collapsed.

Question 21

The deindustrialization of Europe meant that by 2005, the once-booming manufacturing sector employed only about

A)one in two workers.
B)one in three workers.
C)one in eight workers.
D)one in ten workers.

Question 22

What was the result of the Maastricht Treaty?

A)It established the process by which the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)was dissolved.
B)It provided the basis for the formation of the European Union (EU)and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
C)It outlined the role the World Trade Organization (WTO)would play in the management of trade and tariff agreements.
D)It made available the necessary international financial resources needed for the successful Doctors without Borders campaign against malaria.

Question 23

Some scholars conclude that owing to European population declines, Europeans need to

A)award large government subsidies to Europeans who have large families.
B)recognize that Europe needs and should welcome talented newcomers.
C)promote birth-control methods among migrant communities.
D)tax migrant families for every child that they produce.

Question 24

Europe's Muslim population, estimated in 2010 at 20 million, appears likely to grow by 2025 to 35 million, which would be what percentage of Europe's projected population?

A)2 percent
B)4 percent
C)8 percent
D)10 percent

Question 25

What was the goal of the Muslim Brotherhood when it was founded in Egypt in 1928?

A)A united Arab state in the Middle East
B)National liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law
C)A jihad (struggle)against all of Western society
D)An end to monarchy as a form of government in the Middle East

Question 26

The United States invaded Iraq because American leaders asserted that Iraq

A)had offered sanctuary to Al Qaeda after the United States had driven it out of Afghanistan.
B)was still developing weapons of mass destruction despite a 1991 promise to end all such programs.
C)was threatening to declare war on the United States.
D)was planning to invade Israel.

Question 27

What is the average number of children families must have to maintain a stable population?

A)1)2 children
B)1)8 children
C)2)1 children
D)2)4 children

Question 28

During the recession that began in 2008, which country struggled to implement an austerity plan in order to receive financial aid from the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank, and the European Union?

A)France
B)The Czech Republic
C)Germany
D)Greece

Question 29

What happened to Czechoslovakia four years after the Velvet Revolution in 1989?

A)It became a member of NATO.
B)It became a member of the European Union.
C)It formed a union with Hungary.
D)It split into the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia.

Question 30

How did the European response to terrorism differ from the American response?

A)Americans emphasized the need for warfare, while Europeans emphasized that terrorism was best resolved through police and intelligence measures.
B)Americans favored the strong use of force to resist terrorism, while the Europeans favored appeasement.
C)Americans believed that terrorism could be controlled through immigration, while Europeans believed that terrorists had to be attacked in their own countries.
D)Europeans supported strong punishments for terrorists, such as the death penalty, while Americans preferred indefinite incarceration.

Question 31

Which of the following characterizes the support in Great Britain for the war with Iraq that began in 2003?

A)The minority conservative party, the Tories, favored the war, but Labour Party leader Tony Blair refused to involve British troops.
B)British Prime Minister Tony Blair supported the war, but the majority of the population was opposed.
C)The majority of the population favored the war, but the military broadly opposed entrance into the war.
D)The majority Labour Party broadly favored entering the war, but the queen publicly counseled caution and turned the public against the war.

Question 32

What was the Arab Spring event that took place in 2011?

A)An unexpected series of revolts in the Middle East
B)Western economic recession owing to the war in Iraq
C)The rise of the Muslim population in Europe
D)The fusion of Western and Arab music as a result of multiculturalism

Question 33

What did the new, pro-Western Serbian government do to Slobodan Milošević in July 2001?

A)Put him on trial in the Serbian capital
B)Turned him over to a war crimes tribunal in the Netherlands to stand trial
C)Allowed him to go into exile in Russia
D)Placed him under indefinite house arrest

Question 34

Which country was most troubled by the idea of providing financial aid to nearly bankrupt Eurozone countries in 2012?

A)France
B)The United States
C)Germany
D)The United Kingdom

Question 35

Why did Russia invade Georgia in 2008?

A)To punish Georgia for its support of Chechnya
B)To stop Georgian criticism of Vladimir Putin's domestic policies
C)To support a separatist movement in South Ossetia
D)To intimidate Ukraine and Belarus

Question 36

Some Europeans warned that Europe's rapidly growing Muslim population was not only a security danger but also threatened

A)the West's military power as Muslims joined national armies.
B)the West's fundamental foundation in the Christian faith.
C)the West's social structure as Muslims took middle-class jobs but rejected middle-class values.
D)the West's tradition of freedoms, representative government, and toleration for difference.

Question 37

In the twenty-first century, which resource could Russia use to assert political influence?

A)Coal
B)Water
C)Oil
D)Natural Gas

Question 38

The European promotion of human rights has led the European Union to do which of the following?

A)Intervene militarily in the Balkan War
B)Reinstate the death penalty
C)Insist on the importance of national sovereignty
D)Adopt increasingly socialist economic policies

Question 39

What aspect of American foreign policy under President George W. Bush most troubled leaders of the European Union?

A)The United States increasingly ignored international opinion and pursued its own interests unilaterally.
B)The United States persistently attacked Islamic nations, which created considerable domestic problems in Europe among the large Muslim populations.
C)The United States constantly demonstrated its military superiority to all other nations, leading smaller nations to seek U.S. support rather than maintain European alliances.
D)The United States lacked detailed knowledge about the nations that it was invading.

Question 40

In his public calls for jihad (struggle) against the United States and the West, what grievances did Osama bin Laden list?

A)The American way of life, which he saw as an affront to Muslim ideas of morality
B)American domination of the world economy
C)U)S. support for Israel in the Israeli-Palestinian crisis and U.S. military bases in Saudi Arabia
D)Discrimination against Muslims in the United States and western Europe

Question 41

On Map 30.1: Russia and the Successor States, 1991-2015, including the inset map, which area declared its independence in 1991 and fought with the Russian Republic to try to maintain independence?

A)Latvia
B)Georgia
C)Chechnya
D)South Ossetia

Question 42

As shown on Map 30.3: The European Union, 2016, which new members joined in 2007?

A)Romania and Bulgaria
B)Austria and Sweden
C)Portugal and Spain
D)Slovenia and Hungary

Question 43

Delegates to the annual United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2012 voted to extend which protocol on climate change?

A)The Rio de Janeiro Protocol
B)The Copenhagen Protocol
C)The Kyoto Protocol
D)The Shanghai Protocol

Question 44

The following is an excerpt from William Pfaff's analysis of the 2005 French riots (Evaluating the Evidence 30.2): "Their grandfathers came to France, mostly from North Africa, to do the hard labor in France's industrial reconstruction after the Second World War. Their fathers saw the work gradually dry up as Europe's economies slowed, following the first oil shock in the early 1970s. After that came unemployment. The unemployment rate in the zones where there has been the most violence is nearly 40 percent and among young people it is higher. Many of the young men in these places have never been offered a job. When they applied, their names often excluded them."
In this passage, Pfaff suggested that ____________ was a key underlying cause of the riots.

A)religion
B)unemployment
C)education
D)ideology

Question 45

How have European leaders envisioned a new, heroic mission for Europe?

Question 46

The following is an excerpt from a 2007 speech in which Vladimir Putin outlined his views on global security, emphasizing the undesirability of a "unipolar world" (Evaluating the Evidence 30.1): "What is a unipolar world? However one might embellish this term, at the end of the day it . . . is [a] world in which there is one master, one sovereign. And at the end of the day this is pernicious not only for all those within this system, but also for the sovereign itself because it destroys itself from within. . . .
I consider that the unipolar model is not only unacceptable but also impossible in today's world. . . . The model itself is flawed because at its basis there is and can be no moral foundations for modern civilization. . . ."
In Putin's view, a unipolar world was incompatible with

A)social progress.
B)centralized decision making.
C)modern civilization.
D)economic growth.

Question 47

How did European Union leadership react to the failed European Union Constitution?

Question 48

As shown on Map 30.3: The European Union, 2016, which states are the original members?

A)Ireland, United Kingdom, and Denmark
B)France, Italy, Germany, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands
C)Spain, Portugal, Austria, Sweden, and Finland
D)Norway, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and Italy.

Question 49

What is the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

Question 50

What are the potential consequences of Europe's population decline?

Question 51

The following is an excerpt from an interview with the German politician Thilo Sarrazin, an outspoken critic of immigration into Germany (Thinking Like a Historian). In it, he explains what he would do to stop further immigration: "First: change the benefits system-immigrants receive no benefits for at least ten years. Second: change the permanent residency law-only those able and willing to make a long-term, highly skilled contribution to Germany receive residency rights. Third: social and family benefits in Germany should be dependent on adequate knowledge of the language and efforts at integration. Fourth: we must clearly say to the Muslim immigrants who are already here: at some point you become German, even if you obviously continue to cook Turkish food and go to the mosque, and if you don't want to do that, it's best you return home. Opinion polls show that more than 60 percent of Turks in Germany speak no German at all or cannot speak it well, and a third would leave Germany immediately if there were no German welfare benefits."
Sarrazin believed that a majority of Turks in Germany

A)were as German as he was.
B)made important contributions to the nation.
C)were criminals.
D)had a poor command of the German language.

Question 52

The following is an excerpt from an interview with the German politician Thilo Sarrazin, an outspoken critic of immigration into Germany (Thinking Like a Historian). In it, he explains what he would do to stop further immigration: "First: change the benefits system-immigrants receive no benefits for at least ten years. Second: change the permanent residency law-only those able and willing to make a long-term, highly skilled contribution to Germany receive residency rights. Third: social and family benefits in Germany should be dependent on adequate knowledge of the language and efforts at integration. Fourth: we must clearly say to the Muslim immigrants who are already here: at some point you become German, even if you obviously continue to cook Turkish food and go to the mosque, and if you don't want to do that, it's best you return home. Opinion polls show that more than 60 percent of Turks in Germany speak no German at all or cannot speak it well, and a third would leave Germany immediately if there were no German welfare benefits."
As part of a strategy to limit the flow of immigrants into Germany, Sarrazin advocated

A)setting racial quotas.
B)changing the benefit system.
C)establishing means tests for immigrants.
D)establishing literacy tests for entry visas.

Question 53

What was economic shock therapy as applied in Russia? How well did it work?

Question 54

What was the outcome of the last chapter of Yugoslav disintegration, the struggle by the Albanian Muslims of Kosovo for self-rule?

Question 55

To what extent has Poland succeeded in moving away from its Communist past?

Question 56

On Map 30.1: Russia and the Successor States, 1991-2015, which of the republics of the former Soviet Union did not join the Commonwealth of Independent States in 1991?

A)Ukraine, Moldova, and Turkmenistan
B)Belarus and Ukraine
C)Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
D)Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan

Question 57

The following is an excerpt from William Pfaff's analysis of the 2005 French riots (Evaluating the Evidence 30.2): "The rioting in France's ghetto suburbs is a phenomenon of futility-but a revelation nonetheless. It has no ideology and no purpose other than to make a statement of distress and anger. It is beyond politics. It broke out spontaneously and spread in the same way, communicated by televised example, ratified by the huge attention it won from the press and television and the politicians, none of whom had any idea what to do.
It has been an immensely pathetic spectacle, whose primary meaning has been that it happened. It has been the most important popular social phenomenon in France since the student uprisings of 1968. But those uprisings . . . had consequences for power. The new riots have nothing to do with power."
In Pfaff's view, how were the 2005 riots different than the 1968 riots?

A)The 2005 riots had nothing to do with power.
B)The 1968 riots were much less important.
C)The 1968 riots were about distress and anger.
D)The 2005 riots were organized well in advance.

Question 58

How have Europeans reacted to Europe's rapidly growing Muslim population?

Question 59

What explains the growing gap between the United States and Europe?

Question 60

What key factors help explain the emergence of a new era of globalization?

Question 61

In your opinion, does the al-Qaeda attack of September 11, 2001, represent a fundamental turning point in Western history? Why or why not?

Question 62

Answer the following questions :
diasporas

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 63

Answer the following questions :
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 64

Answer the following questions :
war on terror

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 65

Answer the following questions :
World Trade Organization (WTO)

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 66

Has the leadership of Vladimir Putin in Russia led to a reemergence of authoritarianism? Discuss his actions to support your conclusion.

Question 67

The most disturbing consequence of the collapse of the Soviet Union has been the resurgence of ardent nationalism in central and eastern Europe and the border states of the former Soviet Union. Trace nationalistic developments in the former Soviet empire. What signs are there of a peaceful resolution to this problem?

Question 68

Answer the following questions :
ethnic cleansing

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 69

Answer the following questions :
multiculturalism

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 70

Answer the following questions :
Maastricht Treaty

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 71

Answer the following questions :
European Union (EU)

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 72

Answer the following questions :
globalization

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 73

Answer the following questions :
Arab Spring

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 74

The recent past has seen a quickening of the pace of European integration and unification. Describe this process since 1985. What are the key issues? How have Europeans reacted to the new Europe?

Question 75

Answer the following questions :
climate change

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 76

Answer the following questions :
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 77

In what ways have immigration flows begun to transform Europe?

Question 78

Answer the following questions :
Muslim Brotherhood

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 79

Answer the following questions :
Color Revolutions

A)A series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
B)The attempt to establish ethnically homogeneous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.
C)Military organization formed in 1998 by militants who sought independence from Serbia.
D)The emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.
E)The economic, cultural, and political alliance of twenty-seven European nations.
F)The basis for the formation of the European Union, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.
G)A powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for more than 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world's import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, it promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
H)Independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environmental protection, that conduct international programs and activities.
I)Enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.
J)The mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.
K)American policy under President George W. Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.
L)Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari'a law (based on Muslim legal codes), and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.
M)A series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa that bought an end to authoritarian, often Western-supported regimes.
N)Changes in longstanding weather patterns caused primarily by carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 80

The collapse of the Soviet Union led quickly to the declaration that the Cold War was over. What have been the consequences of this historic event?