Deck 9: Schizophrenia

Question 1

Sensory experiences in the absence of any relevant stimulation from the environment are called

A)delusions.
B)ideas of reference.
C)hallucinations.
D)flights of thought.

Answer 1

hallucinations.

Question 2

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)hallucinations.
B)delusions.
C)excesses and distortions.
D)sociality

Answer 2

sociality

Question 3

Schizophrenia usually appears in

A)early childhood.
B)middle or late childhood.
C)adolescence or early adulthood.
D)late adulthood.

Answer 3

adolescence or early adulthood.

Question 4

The DSM-5 criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)delusions.
B)hallucinations.
C)forgetfulness.
D)disorganized speech.

Question 5

Persecutory delusions are found among __________ percent of people with schizophrenia.

A)25
B)65
C)75
D)100

Question 6

During an acute episode of schizophrenia,the most prominent symptom(s)is/are

A)disorientation.
B)positive symptoms.
C)difficulty concentrating.
D)inability to bathe and take care of personal business.

Question 7

Symptoms of schizophrenia have been classified as

A)positive,neutral,and negative.
B)positive,negative,and disorganized.
C)organized,positive,and negative.
D)organized,disorganized,and negative.

Question 8

An exaggerated sense of importance,power,knowledge or identity is known as

A)grandiose delusions.
B)hallucinations.
C)ideas of reference.
D)none of the above.

Question 9

When people with schizophrenia are hearing voices,the part of the brain that appears to be activated is

A)the cerebellum.
B)the reticular formation.
C)Broca's area.
D)Werner's region.

Question 10

Most hallucinations experienced by those with schizophrenia are

A)visual.
B)tactile.
C)auditory.
D)olfactory.

Question 11

Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by disturbances in

A)thought.
B)emotion.
C)behavior.
D)all of the above.

Question 12

The symptoms of schizophrenia can interfere with all of the following EXCEPT:

A)maintaining employment.
B)living independently.
C)having close relationships with other people.
D)perception of somatic symptoms.

Question 13

Those diagnosed with schizophrenia may believe that

A)thoughts have been placed inside their heads for outside sources.
B)their thoughts are being broadcasted or transmitted to others.
C)they are all powerful and knowing.
D)all of the above.

Question 14

"When I am trying to relax and read a book,my father puts his thoughts into my head so that I cannot concentrate." This statement by a schizophrenic patient is an example of what type of symptom?

A)affective
B)motor
C)positive
D)negative

Question 15

Among those with schizophrenia who suffer from delusions,a large majority experience

A)delusions of persecution.
B)thought broadcast.
C)delusions of impulses imposed by others.
D)hallucinations with the delusions.

Question 16

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)avolition.
B)alogia.
C)anhedonia.
D)delusions.

Question 17

The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is slightly less than __________ percent.

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)7

Question 18

Mark's parents bring him to see a psychologist because they believe Mark is experiencing delusions.What piece of information would most indicate that Mark had schizophrenia and not some other diagnosis?

A)His delusions only come when his parents are around.
B)His delusions are highly implausible.
C)His delusions have persisted for more than 5 years.
D)His delusions involve other people.

Question 19

Schizophrenia is diagnosed more frequently among:

A)men
B)women
C)African Americans
D)both men and African Americans

Question 20

When a person incorporates unimportant events within a delusional framework and reads personal significance into trivial activities of others it is called

A)grandiose delusions.
B)hallucinations.
C)ideas of reference.
D)absence of logic.

Question 21

Anhedonia as a symptom of schizophrenia refers to lack of

A)emotional expression.
B)interest or pleasure.
C)coherent speech.
D)speech.

Question 22

Mr.Hart spends long hours sitting in a chair with his arms behind his back and his left leg tucked under.No matter what is going on around him,he remains in this position.This is an example of which symptom of schizophrenia?

A)somatic passivity
B)waxy flexibility
C)catatonic immobility
D)inappropriate affect

Question 23

When someone with schizophrenia has trouble performing daily living tasks,dressing normally,or acts in a silly manner it is referred to as

A)disorganized behavior.
B)disorganized reactivity.
C)avolition.
D)blunted behavior.

Question 24

"My thoughts get all jumbled up.I start thinking or talking about one thing but then by the time I get to the end of the sentence,I find myself talking about something else instead." This is an example of which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?

A)delusions
B)loose associations
C)alogia
D)avolition

Question 25

When Marcia heard that her favorite cat had been hit by a car and killed,she giggled quietly.This is an example of

A)flat blunted affect.
B)inappropriate affect.
C)anhedonia.
D)incoherence.

Question 26

Sam believes the Queen of England is in love with him.He does not have any other symptoms.His most likely diagnosis would be

A)schizophreniform disorder.
B)schizoaffective disorder.
C)delusional disorder.
D)bipolar disorder with delusions.

Question 27

James is struggling with schizophrenia.He also finds it difficult to experience pleasure from activities that he enjoyed before his symptoms began.This is an example of

A)alogia.
B)anhedonia.
C)avolition.
D)asociality.

Question 28

Roger has a vacant stare.He answers questions in an apathetic,monotone voice,and shows no emotion,even when discussing events such as his mother's death.Roger's affect would be described as

A)depressed.
B)inappropriate.
C)blasé.
D)flat or blunted.

Question 29

When an individual with schizophrenia shows a blunted affect,that individual

A)does not experience emotions.
B)does not express emotions.
C)does not experience physiological arousal in emotionally intense situations.
D)all of the above.

Question 30

James suffers from schizophrenia and flails his limbs wildly with excitement.This is most appropriately labeled as

A)catatonia.
B)mania.
C)hallucinations.
D)delusions.

Question 31

According to the DSM-5,symptoms of schizophrenia must be present for at least __________ in order to be diagnosed.

A)1 month
B)6 months
C)1 year
D)2 years

Question 32

The DSM-5 removed the subtype of schizophrenia called

A)paranoid.
B)disorganized.
C)catatonic.
D)all of the above.

Question 33

Carla has schizophrenia.Which of her symptoms is most likely to be present outside of an acute episode of schizophrenia?

A)Hearing a voice telling her she is not good at her job.
B)Thinking that her thoughts are being broadcast so others can read them.
C)Not showering for days on end.
D)None of the above.

Question 34

Howard had a psychotic episode following the death of his wife.He had hallucinations in which he would hear her speaking to him,telling him to kill himself.Howard developed elaborate delusions about his ability to communicate with his wife's spirit.Howard recovered from this episode after one week.What DSM-5 diagnosis would fit Howard's case?

A)schizophreniform disorder
B)brief psychotic disorder
C)schizoaffective disorder
D)schizophrenia

Question 35

Carlos has schizophrenia and is living with his parents.One of his symptoms is a difficulty initiating any activity,and once started,he is unable to finish.This is an example of

A)akathisia.
B)anhedonia.
C)avolition.
D)alogia.

Question 36

Which is a problem with the subtypes of schizophrenia in the DSM?

A)They are not clearly defined.
B)They each have different responses to treatment.
C)Each one describes a broad range of behaviors.
D)The symptoms overlap.

Question 37

Which of the following are examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A)flat affect,lack of initiative
B)hallucinations and delusions
C)difficulty concentrating,low intelligence,poor memory
D)catatonic immobility,waxy flexibility

Question 38

The term "schizophrenia" comes from the word "schizein" meaning to split and "phren" meaning

A)dissociation.
B)mind.
C)conscience.
D)unconscious state.

Question 39

The symptom alogia refers to lack of

A)intelligence.
B)energy and interest.
C)emotional response.
D)speech.

Question 40

Emil Kraepelin and __________ initially formulated the concept of schizophrenia.

A)Eugen Bleuler
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Jerome Welchup
D)none of the above

Question 41

The text concludes that research has shown that genetic factors in schizophrenia are

A)not yet distinguished from environmental factors.
B)primarily linked to positive symptoms.
C)only weak contributors at best.
D)clearly important.

Question 42

Two promising gene candidates in studies of schizophrenia mentioned in the text are

A)DTNBP1 and NGR1
B)DTNBP1 and 5-HTT
C)NGR1 and SCHZ
D)SCHZ and 5-HTT

Question 43

A puzzling finding from research on medication for schizophrenia is that

A)a therapeutic effect is only produced when dopamine levels drop below normal.
B)medications that influence other neurotransmitter systems have no effect.
C)there is no association between degree of brain abnormality and medication effect.
D)medications do not appear to affect schizophrenia attributed primarily to the environment.

Question 44

Which of the following is a limitation of both family studies and twin studies of schizophrenia?

A)Both methods employ self-report measures only.
B)Both methods use too broad a definition of schizophrenia.
C)Neither method accounts for the role of shared-environment.
D)Neither method distinguishes between subtypes of schizophrenia.

Question 45

Family studies of the genetic basis for schizophrenia look at

A)the rate of schizophrenia in relatives of patients with schizophrenia.
B)concordance for schizophrenia in cultures where incest is relatively common.
C)the likelihood that a patient with schizophrenia will have children.
D)the effects of being raised by a patient with schizophrenia.

Question 46

In regard to studies identifying chromosomal locations of genes involved in schizophrenia,

A)there are a few locations that researchers are certain to be involved in the disorder.
B)the results of these studies are simply too varied to justify any firm conclusions.
C)chromosomes 1,2,5,and 6 have been implicated in all of the studies to date.
D)we now know that schizophrenia is a purely genetic disorder.

Question 47

Congenital factors in schizophrenia are suggested by data showing increased risk of schizophrenia in children whose mothers __________ while pregnant.

A)were highly stressed
B)were exposed to the flu
C)drank excessively
D)had a protein-deficient diet

Question 48

Changes were made in the DSM-5 for which of the following:

A)schizoaffective disorder.
B)delusional disorder.
C)schizophreniform disorder.
D)brief psychotic disorder.

Question 49

The new form of schizophrenic disorders in the DSM-5 is called

A)extended psychotic disorder.
B)tardive disconnection disorder.
C)attenuated psychosis syndrome.
D)none of the above.

Question 50

Attenuated psychosis syndrome involves

A)symptoms that have been present for at least one month,appearing at least once a week.
B)beginning or worsening over the past year.
C)distressing and disabling symptoms.
D)all of the above.

Question 51

Studies of children whose mothers had schizophrenia but were raised by adopted parents indicate

A)that there is not a strong genetic factor in the development of schizophrenia.
B)that there is a strong genetic factor in the development of schizophrenia.
C)that children who were adopted into homes with low EE were more likely to develop schizophrenia.
D)These studies have been inconclusive.

Question 52

Of schizophrenic symptoms,the ones with the higher genetic component are

A)negative symptoms.
B)delusions.
C)positive symptoms.
D)persecution delusions.

Question 53

The genetic data for schizophrenia is still not completely conclusive because

A)the role of the environment has not been completely accounted for.
B)the distinction between genotype and phenotype has not been elucidated.
C)stressors during birth have not been investigated.
D)most adoptive parents know the child had a schizophrenic relative.

Question 54

A consistent brain abnormality found among people with schizophrenia is

A)frontal lobe enlargement.
B)parietal lobe enlargement.
C)enlarged ventricles.
D)interrupted tracts in the reticular formation.

Question 55

Which of the following suggests that dopamine receptors are mainly related to positive (not negative)symptoms of schizophrenia?

A)Antipsychotic drugs reduce only positive symptoms.
B)Administering dopamine produces little increase in positive symptoms.
C)MRIs of schizophrenics with positive symptoms show more receptors.
D)Parkinson's Disease involves similar symptoms.

Question 56

Which of the following findings led to the conclusion that schizophrenia may be caused by dopamine activity?

A)Parkinson's disease is known to be caused by excess levels of dopamine.
B)People with Parkinson's disease are more likely to develop schizophrenia.
C)Drugs that relieve schizophrenic symptoms have side effects similar to Parkinson's disease.
D)All of the above are correct findings.

Question 57

The concordance rate of schizophrenia for fraternal twins is about

A)12%.
B)45%.
C)75%.
D)95%.

Question 58

Indirect support for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia arose from

A)cases of amphetamine psychosis.
B)the finding of higher levels of homovanillic acid in the blood of schizophrenics.
C)the development of catatonia when psychotic episodes end.
D)blockage of dopamine reuptake by antipsychotic medications.

Question 59

Which of the following findings presents a serious challenge to the theory of schizophrenia that proposes an excess amount of dopamine to be at the core of this disorder?

A)Antipsychotic drugs relieve the symptoms of both drug psychoses and the psychosis of schizophrenia.
B)Homovanillic acid,the major metabolite of dopamine,is not present in greater amounts in schizophrenics.
C)Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are reduced by antipsychotic drugs more than negative symptoms.
D)None of the above represents a challenge to the dopamine activity theory.

Question 60

In people with schizophrenia,the amount of gray matter in the temporal and frontal cortexes is

A)more than normal.
B)normal.
C)full of holes and lesions.
D)less than normal.

Question 61

The social selection theory proposes that

A)poverty causes schizophrenia.
B)schizophrenia causes poverty.
C)social discrimination causes both schizophrenia and poverty.
D)poverty and schizophrenia are not related.

Question 62

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between EE (expressed emotion)and unusual thoughts in a person with schizophrenia?

A)Critical comments made by family members lead a person with schizophrenia to have more unusual thoughts
B)Unusual thoughts by the patient lead the family of a person with schizophrenia to be more critical
C)Both a and b
D)Neither a nor b

Question 63

The traditional drugs for treating schizophrenia

A)enable schizophrenics to adjust to hospital life.
B)commonly produce depressive side-effects.
C)generally only reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
D)are effective with less than half of schizophrenics.

Question 64

Recent research has found that those with schizophrenia have structural and functional abnormalities in the

A)temporal cortex
B)cerebellum
C)frontal cortex
D)reticular formation

Question 65

Studies of socioeconomic class (SES)and schizophrenia find that the rate of schizophrenia

A)is about equal in low SES and high SES individuals.
B)is higher in low SES individuals.
C)is higher in high SES individuals.
D)cannot be determined.

Question 66

According to the family theory of schizophrenia,a schizophrenogenic mother would be described as

A)emotionally cold and domineering.
B)overly warm and subtly seductive.
C)also having schizophrenia.
D)carrying a recessive gene for schizophrenia.

Question 67

A problem with any kind of treatment for schizophrenia is that

A)some people with schizophrenia lack insight into their impaired condition and refuse any treatment at all
B)the disorder is biologically based,so only medications can help.
C)all therapies are upsetting to patients.
D)they rarely help.

Question 68

Sam is being treated with medication for schizophrenia.He involuntarily smacks his lips and seems unable to control his motor movements.Sam most probably is suffering from

A)extrapyramidal side effects.
B)tardive dyskinesia.
C)dystonia.
D)neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Question 69

In schizophrenia research,prodrome refers to

A)neurobehavioral functioning in the disorder.
B)positive symptomatology in the disorder.
C)intellectual functioning in the disorder.
D)the period before a person meets diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia but nonetheless shows some symptoms.

Question 70

A possible side effect of antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia is akathisia,

A)the inability to remain still.
B)constant aching of muscles.
C)severe confusion.
D)severe vertigo.

Question 71

Commonly reported side effects of the antipsychotic drugs used to treat schizophrenia include

A)sedation,dizziness,and sexual dysfunction.
B)depression,anxiety,and confusion.
C)hallucinations,delusions,and disorganized speech.
D)None of the above; antipsychotics were created to eliminate side effects present in previous medications.

Question 72

Michael suffers from schizophrenia and was recently released from the hospital.Which of his behaviors are most likely to elicit critical comments from his family when he returns home?

A)Believing that NASA has planted a tracking device in his head.
B)Sitting on the couch for most of the day and refusing to go for walks with his mother,an activity he greatly enjoyed before his hospitalization.
C)Hearing a voice telling him to kill himself.
D)Wearing a winter coat,galoshes,and a ski mask while inside the house.

Question 73

Data on expressed emotion (EE)indicates that those with schizophrenia are more likely to relapse (that is,return to the hospital)if their families

A)are cool,calm,unemotional and aloof.
B)are uninvolved.
C)are critical and over-involved with them.
D)provide excessive emotional support and encouragement.

Question 74

The text points out that the appropriateness of a given treatment for schizophrenia depends on

A)how many medications the patient can tolerate.
B)the ratio of positive to negative symptoms the patient experiences.
C)the stage of illness that the patient is in.
D)how biologically-based the patient's disorder is.

Question 75

Research has shown that people being treated with some of the newer antipsychotic medications are less likely to drop out of treatment.Which of the following is the most likely reason for this fact?

A)The newer medications are far more effective than the older medications that encourage people to continue to take their medication.
B)The newer medications increase insight.That is,people taking the medications realize that they are sick and need the drugs.
C)Compared to the older antipsychotics,the newer drugs can be discontinued after achieving the desired therapeutic gain.
D)Compared to the older antipsychotics,the newer drugs have less extreme and intrusive side effects.

Question 76

Patients whose schizophrenia is characterized primarily by negative symptoms

A)had more expressive behavioral problems in youth.
B)had more complications during pregnancy.
C)were more likely to have academic difficulties.
D)were treated for severe anemia as children.

Question 77

Which of the following have been proposed as likely contributors to the reductions in hippocampal volume observed in people with schizophrenia?

A)stress reactivity and a disrupted amygdala
B)anxiety and brain damage
C)anxiety and limbic over-arousal
D)stress reactivity and a disrupted HPA axis

Question 78

Mr.Cook grew up in severely impoverished circumstances.His mother was unmarried and homeless,and Mr.Cook and his six siblings lived on the streets or in shelters for most of their childhood.They had little formal education or opportunity to make progress in the world.After 17 years of this life,Mr.Cook had his first psychotic episode while digging through a trashcan looking for food for his mother; he heard voices telling him to take off his clothes and eat them.Shortly thereafter,Mr.Cook was picked up by police,taken to a psychiatric hospital,and diagnosed as schizophrenic.Mr.Cook's story fits the __________ theory of social class and schizophrenia.

A)schizophrenogenic
B)high-risk
C)sociogenic
D)social-selection

Question 79

Research investigating the role of the family in schizophrenia best supports the

A)schizophrenogenic mother theory.
B)triangulation theory.
C)expressed emotion theory.
D)dopamine theory.

Question 80

Research suggests the brain abnormalities found in those with schizophrenia may be due to

A)long-term use of antipsychotic drugs.
B)pregnancy and birth complications.
C)chronic confused cognitive patterns.
D)childhood malnutrition.