Deck 4: Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Question 1

_____ is a disorder found in Malaysia, the Philippines, Java, and some parts of Africa; it is thought to be caused by stress.

A) Susto
B) Windigo
C) Koro
D) Amok

Answer 1

Amok

Question 2

_____ is a type of abnormal behavior that researchers believe may be culture-bound.

A) Depression
B) Anorexia
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Schizophrenia

Answer 2

Anorexia

Question 3

How many clinical scales are found on the MMPI (MMPI-2)?

A) 4
B) 10
C) 12
D) 16

Answer 3

10

Question 4

According to a meta-analysis of treatment studies, the average person who received treatment was better off than _____ percent of the untreated control subjects.

A) 50
B) 75
C) 35
D) 100

Question 5

Which people are most likely to have been in therapy at some point in their lives?

A) young adult men from the South
B) elderly women from the Midwest
C) high-school-educated, middle-aged men and women from the Northeast
D) highly educated, middle-aged women from Western states

Question 6

The _____ requires a subject to look at one inkblot card at a time and tell what they see in the image.

A) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
B) sentence completion test
C) Draw-A-Person Test (DAP)
D) Rorschach test

Question 7

A _____ test is one that has been set up with common steps to be followed whenever it is administered.

A) valid
B) reliable
C) standardized
D) projective

Question 8

Before being appointed to the DSM-5 task force or to a DSM-5 work group, clinical researchers were required to pledge to limit their total annual income from pharmaceutical companies to:

A) $10,000.
B) $5,000.
C) $2,500.
D) $25,000.

Question 9

A psychiatrist who primarily prescribes medication is called a:

A) psychometrician.
B) psychiatric social worker.
C) psychopharmacologist.
D) psychostatistician.

Question 10

Of every 100 true statements, how many are incorrectly identified as false on a polygraph test?

A) 0
B) 8
C) 17
D) 46

Question 11

_____ is the single most effective therapy for schizophrenia.

A) Psychotherapy
B) Behavioral therapy
C) Cognitive therapy
D) Drug therapy

Question 12

About how many different forms of therapy are practiced in the clinical field?

A) 400
B) 2000
C) 75
D) 150

Question 13

About what percentage of people in the United States will qualify for a DSM diagnosis at some point in their lives?

A) 47 percent
B) 31 percent
C) 13 percent
D) 84 percent

Question 14

Which question is NOT usually asked in a therapy outcome study?

A) Is therapy in general effective?
B) Are particular therapies generally effective?
C) Are particular therapies effective for particular problems?
D) Will a client be likely to improve without therapy?

Question 15

The collecting of relevant information in an effort to reach a conclusion is referred to as a(n):

A) diagnosis.
B) psychometric.
C) demography.
D) assessment.

Question 16

The validity of clinical observations may be limited by a client's _____, which means that the client's behavior may be affected by the very presence of an observer.

A) drift
B) projections
C) reactivity
D) self-monitoring

Question 17

An assessment tool has high _____ if it yields the same results every time it is given to the same people.

A) interrater reliability
B) face validity
C) predictive validity
D) test-retest reliability

Question 18

Intelligence tests can play a key role in the diagnosis of:

A) intellectual disability.
B) learning disorder.
C) major depression.
D) ADHD.

Question 19

A cluster of symptoms that usually occur together is known as a:

A) syndrome.
B) classification system.
C) diagnosis.
D) prognosis.

Question 20

This widely used neuropsychological test consists of nine cards, each displaying a simple design that subjects are asked to first copy on a piece of paper and then redraw from memory.

A) Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychology Battery
B) Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test
C) Luria-Nebraska Battery
D) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Question 21

The _____ produces a computerized motion picture that shows which areas of the brain are active when an individual is being stimulated.

A) CAT or CT scan
B) MRI
C) PET scan
D) EEG

Question 22

Which describes a culture-bound abnormality in which a man suddenly becomes intensely fearful that his penis will withdraw into his abdomen and that he will die as a result?

A) susto
B) koro
C) windigo
D) amok

Question 23

An assessment tool shows high _____ reliability if different judges independently agree on how to score and interpret it.

A) predictive
B) test-retest
C) interrater
D) discriminant

Question 24

A clinician who is observing parent-child interactions in the home is conducting a(n) _____ observation.

A) self-monitoring
B) naturalistic
C) unstructured
D) structured

Question 25

When dealing with a new client, the clinical practitioner's major focus is to gather what type of information?

A) diagnostic
B) nomothetic
C) idiographic
D) dispassionate

Question 26

The _____ movement has tried to identify a set of common strategies that are present in the work of all effective therapists, regardless of the clinician's particular orientation.

A) ecumenical
B) uniformity
C) rapprochement
D) naturalistic

Question 27

_____, an illness once common to Algonquin Indian hunters, was marked by the belief in a supernatural monster that ate human beings and had the power to bewitch them and turn them into cannibals.

A) Amok
B) Windigo
C) Catalepsy
D) Susto

Question 28

DSM-5 lists approximately _____ mental disorders.

A) 400
B) 300
C) 200
D) 100

Question 29

In DSM-5, the term "gender identity disorder" was replaced with:

A) "gender dysphoria."
B) "gender disorder."
C) "gender expression disorder."
D) "gender transphoria."

Question 30

In 1883, Emil Kraepelin developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behavior, and his categories formed the foundation for psychological disorders found in which modern classification system?

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
B) International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
C) Canadian and American Encyclopedia of Mental Illness (CAEMI)
D) Transcontinental Classification Guide for Psychotic Behavior (TCGPB)

Question 31

The polygraph is a form of _____ test.

A) affective inventory
B) personality inventory
C) structured interview
D) psychophysiological

Question 32

An assessment that asks people to respond to pictures by telling a dramatic story is the:

A) Tell-Me-a-Story Test.
B) Thematic Apperception Test.
C) sentence-completion test.
D) literature analysis test.

Question 33

The specific details and background of a client's problem is called _____ data, while established information about the nature and treatment of a particular illness is _____ data.

A) idiographic; nomothetic
B) parametric; observational
C) nomothetic; idiographic
D) observational; parametric

Question 34

Which statement is true about the term "nervous breakdown"?

A) It is a statistically valid clinical syndrome.
B) It is not a recognized clinical term but is used by laypersons.
C) It is best treated with a combination of behavioral therapy and medication.
D) It can only be diagnosed in a woman who is older than 35.

Question 35

A mental status exam is a component of a:

A) personality assessment.
B) functional assessment.
C) structured interview.
D) projective test.

Question 36

The three important criteria for assessments are:

A) standardization, reliability, and ease of administration.
B) standardization, reliability, and validity.
C) reliability, validity, and realism.
D) reliability, validity, and accuracy.

Question 37

A diagnostic tool that helps clinicians predict future symptoms or events has _____ validity.

A) interrater
B) test/retest
C) predictive
D) retrospective

Question 38

A person's intelligence quotient, or IQ, initially represented the ratio of a person's _____ age divided by his or her _____ age, multiplied by 100.

A) chronological; mental
B) mental; chronological
C) real; intentional
D) chronological; neurological

Question 39

A _____ assessment would be used to assess unconscious drives and conflicts that may be at the root of abnormal functioning.

A) functional
B) projective
C) standardized
D) brain imaging

Question 40

The _____ is a brain-imaging technique that uses magnetic property of certain hydrogen atoms to create a detailed picture of the brain's structure and activity.

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) CAT scan
D) X ray

Question 41

The process of evaluating a person's progress after being in treatment is called a:

A) nomothetic approach.
B) clinical assessment.
C) behavioral diagnosis.
D) functional analysis.

Question 42

To measure tendencies toward depression, an assessment tool asks individuals to record all the times they feel sad. However, individuals report wide variation in the number of "sad" episodes from day to day. This assessment tool has:

A) high test-retest reliability and high face validity.
B) high test-retest reliability and low face validity.
C) low test-retest reliability and high face validity.
D) low test-retest reliability and low face validity.

Question 43

If a new test for anxiety is normed on individuals who are waiting to take introductory psychology final exams, the new test is surely lacking:

A) reliability.
B) adequate standardization.
C) validity.
D) structure.

Question 44

If a new test for assessing anorexic tendencies produces scores comparable to those of other tests for assessing anorexic tendencies, then the new test has high:

A) predictive validity.
B) standardization criteria.
C) concurrent validity.
D) performance criteria.

Question 45

One of the assumptions of a functional analysis is that:

A) abnormal behaviors are learned.
B) abnormal behaviors are maladaptive.
C) learning about unconscious conflicts will explain a person's abnormal behavior.
D) learning the structure of a person's personality will explain his or her abnormal behavior.

Question 46

A new assessment tool does a good job of differentiating those who later will be depressed and those who will not be depressed, and it produces results similar to those of other tools measuring depression. Therefore, the new assessment tool has good:

A) predictive validity.
B) face validity.
C) interjudge reliability.
D) test-retest reliability.

Question 47

Because people who exhibit mania have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy a person feels and how often he or she laughs. This test has:

A) face validity.
B) content validity.
C) construct validity.
D) concurrent validity.

Question 48

The clinical interviewer MOST interested in stimuli that trigger abnormal responses would have what orientation?

A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) humanistic
D) behavioral

Question 49

A panel of psychologists and psychiatrists evaluates the test results and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at the same diagnosis. The panel has high:

A) internal validity.
B) predictive validity.
C) interrater reliability.
D) test-retest reliability.

Question 50

A functional analysis involves:

A) using projective tests.
B) learning about a person's behaviors.
C) learning about unconscious conflicts in the client.
D) obtaining information about the components of a person's personality.

Question 51

Another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is:

A) reliability.
B) face validity.
C) predictive validity.
D) standardization.

Question 52

A campus newspaper publishes an "Exam Anxiety" test, which newspaper staffers put together one evening just before their publishing deadline. Despite its hasty construction, the test MOST likely has:

A) standardization.
B) predictive validity.
C) face validity.
D) a standardization sample.

Question 53

Among other questions, a clinical interviewer asks, "How do you feel about yourself today? How do you feel about what's going on in your life?" MOST likely, the clinical interviewer's orientation is:

A) biological.
B) behavioral.
C) psychodynamic.
D) humanistic.

Question 54

A mental health practitioner attempts to learn about the behavior and emotional state of each client. This approach to abnormal psychology is called:

A) behavioral.
B) nomothetic.
C) idiographic.
D) psychodynamic.

Question 55

When graduate schools choose students based on test scores, college grades, and relevant experience, they are engaging in:

A) assessment.
B) diagnosis.
C) treatment.
D) classification.

Question 56

A test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. Of the 100 people the test identifies, 93 show signs of developing schizophrenia within five years. The test may be said to have high:

A) internal reliability.
B) predictive validity.
C) concurrent validity.
D) test-retest reliability.

Question 57

A clinician has developed a new assessment tool. Clients write stories about their problems, and then two different judges independently evaluate the stories in terms of how logically they are written. For this assessment technique to be useful, there must be:

A) high interrater reliability.
B) low observer reliability.
C) high split-half reliability.
D) low test-retest reliability.

Question 58

A new test for anxiety shows consistent levels of anxiety across time for people, but very few people have taken the test, and accurate norms don't exist. The test has:

A) high reliability, but inadequate standardization.
B) high reliability, and adequate standardization.
C) low reliability, and inadequate standardization.
D) low reliability, but adequate standardization.

Question 59

A patient complains of a phobia. Two lines of questioning by the clinician concern the specific object of the phobia and what the person does when he or she confronts that object. This clinician's orientation is probably:

A) biological.
B) behavioral.
C) humanistic.
D) sociocultural.

Question 60

Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many practitioners. One particular strength of the interview process is:

A) validity.
B) the reliability of the technique.
C) the chance to get a general sense of the client.
D) that it asks only open-ended questions.

Question 61

If a clinician begins by asking, "Would you tell me about yourself?," the clinician is MOST likely conducting a(n):

A) mental status exam.
B) interview schedule.
C) structured interview.
D) unstructured interview.

Question 62

Which statement about the use of projective techniques by today's clinicians is true?

A) Projective tests are not used anymore.
B) The centrality of projective tests has declined since their introduction.
C) Current clinicians rely on projective tests as a primary source of insight about their patients.
D) Projective tests have a more prominent place in the clinician's repertoire than they did 50 years ago.

Question 63

When a clinician using the Rorschach focuses on the actual images that a person "sees," the clinician is emphasizing:

A) style.
B) theme.
C) color.
D) latency to respond.

Question 64

One limitation of the clinical interview as an assessment tool is that:

A) each client is different.
B) the approach is too rigid.
C) the client may give an overly positive picture.
D) the clinician sees the client too infrequently.

Question 65

Using projective tests for personality assessment is designed to:

A) perform a functional analysis of the client.
B) learn about unconscious conflicts in the client.
C) obtain detailed information about specific dysfunctional behaviors.
D) obtain detailed information about specific dysfunctional cognitions.

Question 66

Use of projective tests has decreased in the past few decades because projective tests often have:

A) interrater reliability that is too high.
B) poor validity.
C) rigid scoring standards.
D) bias in favor of minority groups.

Question 67

Who is MOST at risk for misinterpreting a cultural response as pathology?

A) an immigrant client
B) an ethnic-minority client
C) a dominant-culture assessor
D) an ethnic-minority assessor

Question 68

A clinician has developed a test that requires test-takers to tell stories about a series of pictures of city skylines. MOST likely, this new test is a:

A) neuropsychological test.
B) personality inventory.
C) response inventory.
D) projective test.

Question 69

A person says, "I always trust my first impressions, especially when my first impression of someone is negative." Based on research dealing with clinical interviews, the BEST response to this statement would be:

A) "You're absolutely right; that's what the research shows."
B) "Be careful; the research shows that first impressions, especially negative ones, may be inaccurate."
C) "You're partly right; first impressions are usually pretty accurate but only with favorable first impressions."
D) "You're partly right; first impressions usually aren't very accurate, except for unfavorable first impressions."

Question 70

If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family background and community influences, MOST likely that clinician's orientation is:

A) biological.
B) behavioral.
C) sociocultural
D) cognitive.

Question 71

Which statement is a reason to question the validity of clinical interviews?

A) People respond differently to different interviewers.
B) People may respond differently to clinicians who are not of their race.
C) On different days, people might describe themselves differently.
D) Interviewers may make mistakes in how they interpret the information they gather.

Question 72

Which test is a personality inventory?

A) Draw-a-Person
B) MMPI-2
C) Rorschach
D) Thematic Apperception Test

Question 73

Which test is NOT a projective test?

A) Rorschach
B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
C) Draw-a-Person Test
D) Thematic Apperception Test

Question 74

The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that:

A) they are relatively easy to score.
B) the responses come from the client's unconscious.
C) they stimulate abnormal behaviors that the clinician can observe.
D) patient responses to specific stimuli will uncover specific disorders.

Question 75

Dr. Martin has just asked a potential client to talk about herself. As she responds, the doctor's next question is based on some interesting point the client made. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr. Martin has just:

A) used free association.
B) conducted an unstructured interview.
C) used a behavioral assessment technique.
D) employed (Rogers') nondirective therapy.

Question 76

A patient looks at a series of black-and-white pictures, making up a dramatic story about each. The patient is taking:

A) the Rorschach.
B) the Thematic Apperception Test.
C) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
D) an affective inventory.

Question 77

An interviewer who asks a client questions such as "Where are you now?," "Why do you think you're here?," or even "Who are you?" is probably conducting a(n):

A) mental status exam.
B) behavioral interview.
C) sociocultural interview.
D) intelligence test.

Question 78

If a clinician focused on where a person placed a drawing on a page, the size of the drawing, and the parts omitted, the person MOST likely took which test?

A) Rorschach
B) TAT
C) MMPI
D) Draw-a-Person

Question 79

If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family medical history, that clinician's orientation is MOST likely:

A) behavioral.
B) biological.
C) sociocultural.
D) cognitive.

Question 80

When Rorschach testers ask questions like, "Did the person respond to the whole picture or to specific details, and to the colors or the white spaces?," they are interested in the _____ of the response.

A) theme
B) content
C) style
D) images