Deck 13: Disorders of Sex and Gender: Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria

Question 1

Some clinicians treat premature ejaculation with _____ drugs as they often reduce sexual arousal or orgasm.

A) antianxiety
B) antidepressant
C) antierection
D) antipsychotic

Answer 1

antidepressant

Question 2

Which procedure is an effective treatment for premature ejaculation?

A) the stop-start procedure
B) Viagra
C) sensate focus
D) masturbatory prohibition

Answer 2

the stop-start procedure

Question 3

Studies indicate that _____ percent of women have never had an orgasm.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 37
D) 65

Answer 3

10

Question 4

Investigators in a Dutch study found an abnormality in the _____ of men with gender identity disorder.

A) pituitary gland.
B) hippocampus.
C) hypothalamus.
D) adrenal gland.

Question 5

Modern sex therapy:

A) is long-term and insight-oriented.
B) is psychodynamic in approach.
C) is short-term and instructive.
D) does not make use of biological approaches.

Question 6

People with _____ have repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies in response to objects or situations that society deems inappropriate, and they may behave inappropriately as well.

A) paraphilias
B) gender identity disorder
C) cross-sexual arousal disorder
D) abnormal object desire syndrome

Question 7

Dyspareunia in women usually has a _____ cause.

A) cultural
B) physical
C) conditioned
D) cognitive

Question 8

The typical person with transvestism is almost always:

A) homosexual.
B) effeminate.
C) pedophilic.
D) heterosexual.

Question 9

Which of the following has not been suggested as a possible cause of dyspareunia?

A) vaginal infection
B) wiry pubic hair
C) misshaped genitalia
D) semen allergies

Question 10

If a person suffering from male-to-female gender disorder is not sexually attracted to other men, but rather is attracted to the "fantasy" of being female, then that person would be diagnosed with the _____ type of gender identity disorder.

A) autogynephilic
B) androphilic
C) gynephilic
D) diathetic

Question 11

A behavioral treatment that teaches people with paraphilias to respond to more appropriate sources of sexual stimulation is:

A) masturbatory satiation.
B) orgasmic reorientation.
C) social skills training.
D) relapse-prevention training.

Question 12

Most clinicians agree with the _____ explanation of the origins of vaginismus.

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) biological
C) psychodynamic
D) sociocultural

Question 13

Phillip has repeated and intense sexual urges to rub his genitals against women in crowded subways. He is probably suffering from:

A) voyeurism.
B) exhibitionism.
C) sexual sadism.
D) frotteuristic disorder.

Question 14

Which type of cognitive-behavioral treatment has been used to treat pedophilia?

A) flooding
B) shock therapy
C) relapse-prevention training
D) systematic desensitization

Question 15

The decline of sexual activity in men age 60 and over is usually attributed to:

A) the death of a spouse.
B) age and failing health.
C) experiencing no sexual fantasies.
D) reporting lack of sexual interest.

Question 16

In a technique called _____, patients with low sexual desire visualize sexual scenes to uncover feelings of anxiety, vulnerability, and other negative emotions they may have concerning sex.

A) self-instruction training
B) sensate focus
C) tease technique
D) affectual awareness

Question 17

As many as 90 percent of men with this disorder experience some degree of erectile dysfunction.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) posttraumatic stress disorder
C) bipolar disorder
D) severe depression

Question 18

Which is NOT given as a factor in the origins of female arousal and orgasmic disorders?

A) religious upbringing
B) restricted in their dating as teenagers
C) engaging in masturbation in childhood
D) being told that "nice girls don't" enjoy sex

Question 19

Which is a correct statement about Viagra and/or oral contraceptives?

A) Both Viagra and oral contraceptives are required by law to be covered under insurance plans.
B) Viagra was introduced in the United States in 1990.
C) If an insurance plan pays for Viagra, it must pay for oral contraceptives.
D) It was not until 1999 that low-dose oral contraceptives were approved for use among women in Japan.

Question 20

Which theory of conditioning has been used to help explain the origins of sexual masochism?

A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) sexual conditioning
D) social conditioning

Question 21

Under the DSM criteria, a person may be diagnosed with _____ whether or not they suffer impairment in functioning or distress.

A) voyeurism
B) pedophilia
C) fetishism
D) cross-dressing

Question 22

Men with _____ persistently lack or have reduced interest in sex and, in turn, display little sexual activity.

A) sexual aversion disorder
B) male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
C) performance anxiety
D) masturbatory focus

Question 23

Which disorder primarily involves the inability to respond normally in key areas of sexual functioning, resulting in difficultly enjoying sexual intercourse?

A) pedophilia
B) fetishism
C) homosexuality
D) sexual dysfunction

Question 24

Nondemand pleasuring, or _____, is often used in therapy to help couples focus on giving and receiving sexual pleasure with a reduced focus on orgasm.

A) squeeze technique
B) Viagra
C) sensate focus
D) masturbatory prohibition

Question 25

People with gender identity disorder were previous called transsexuals and now are more accurately referred to as:

A) transvestites.
B) pedophiles.
C) always men.
D) gender dysphoric.

Question 26

A person with _____ experiences severe pain in the genitals during sexual activity.

A) vaginismus
B) dyspareunia
C) nocturnal penile tumescence
D) frotteurism

Question 27

A revolution in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions occurred with the publication of _____'s landmark book Human Sexual Inadequacy.

A) William Masters and Virginia Johnson
B) Ernesto Down and Montgomery Toldman
C) William James and E. B. Titchener
D) Alfred Kinsey

Question 28

If low levels of alcohol may enhance the sex drive by lowering a person's inhibition, high levels will:

A) enhance it further.
B) reduce it.
C) have no effect on sex drive.
D) only have an impact if the person is already engaged in sexual activity.

Question 29

A person who is sexually aroused by inflicting physical pain on others is probably a:

A) transvestite.
B) sexual sadist.
C) transsexual.
D) sexual masochist.

Question 30

In the United States, it is estimated that approximately one out of every _____ persons has undergone or will undergo a sexual reassignment surgical procedure.

A) 1,500
B) 3,100
C) 6,300
D) 21,250

Question 31

Which hormone has NOT been linked to hypoactive sexual desire?

A) testosterone
B) estrogen
C) prolactin
D) oxytocin

Question 32

Which phase of the human sexual response cycle is NOT affected by a sexual dysfunction?

A) excitement
B) resolution
C) orgasm
D) desire

Question 33

Which is NOT an accurate statement about men suffering from exhibitionism?

A) They generally have great confidence in their sense of masculinity.
B) About 30 percent of them are married.
C) They often have unsatisfactory sexual relationships with their wives.
D) The disorder begins before age 18.

Question 34

The belief that people with voyeurism are seeking to gain power over others by their actions is a _____ perspective.

A) sociocultural
B) psychodynamic
C) behavioral
D) biological

Question 35

Measuring _____ is useful in assessing whether physical factors are responsible for male erectile disorder.

A) performance anxiety
B) masturbatory arousal
C) spectator role
D) nocturnal penile tumescence

Question 36

Vaginismus and dyspareunia are considered disorders of sexual:

A) desire.
B) arousal.
C) pain.
D) resolution.

Question 37

Modern sex therapy usually lasts _____ sessions.

A) 3 to 5
B) 5 to 10
C) 15 to 20
D) 20 to 30

Question 38

Early ejaculation is defined as ejaculation within _____ minute(s) of beginning the activity and before the person wishes it.

A) two
B) one
C) three
D) four

Question 39

In one form of sexual masochism, _____, people strangle or smother themselves (or ask their partner to strangle them) to enhance their sexual pleasure.

A) sensual asphyxiation
B) romantic smothering
C) autoerotic garroting
D) hypoxyphilia

Question 40

_____ is one behavioral approach to treating fetishism.

A) Masturbatory satiation
B) Sleeping with a "snap gauge" band
C) Sensate focus
D) Nondemand pleasuring

Question 41

If a woman had never experienced normal sexual functioning with her husband and had a problem with becoming aroused with him but found she could be aroused with other men, the type of dysfunction would be:

A) lifelong and situational.
B) acquired and situational.
C) lifelong and generalized.
D) acquired and generalized.

Question 42

In a person who has an unusually long resolution phase of the sexual response cycle, which of the following is MOST likely?

A) The person is a man.
B) The person is a teenager.
C) The person did not have an orgasm.
D) The person was never aroused.

Question 43

Studies of patterns of teenage sexual behavior today compared to such behavior a generation ago show today's teens having:

A) intercourse younger and using condoms more.
B) intercourse younger and using condoms less.
C) intercourse at about the same age and using condoms more.
D) intercourse at about the same age and using condoms less.

Question 44

An otherwise healthy man reports almost no interest in sexual activity and has had very few sexual experiences in the past several years. That person MOST likely is experiencing:

A) male hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
B) paraphilia.
C) sexual aversion.
D) sexual repulsion.

Question 45

If an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for years and then had a problem with becoming aroused only when with her husband as a partner, the type of dysfunction would be:

A) lifelong and situational.
B) acquired and situational.
C) lifelong and generalized.
D) acquired and generalized.

Question 46

During the young adult years (18-24), which experience is LEAST common among women?

A) masturbation
B) not having had heterosexual contact
C) having had sexual contact with a same-sex partner
D) having had heterosexual contact

Question 47

According to Masters and Johnson, the resolution phase is more gradual and less sudden in women when:

A) they do not experience orgasm.
B) they do not experience arousal.
C) they experience a sexual aversion.
D) they have experienced multiple orgasms.

Question 48

Some individuals experience a normal interest in sex but choose not to engage in sexual relations. Such people would be diagnosed with:

A) sexual aversion.
B) hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
C) no sexual dysfunction.
D) failure of the sexual response cycle.

Question 49

If someone had a sexual dysfunction, we know that this person would not be having difficulty in which of the following phases of the sexual response cycle?

A) excitement
B) resolution
C) orgasm
D) desire

Question 50

If grandpa is 90 and healthy, what is the chance, expressed as a percentage, that he still masturbates at least occasionally?

A) less than 5 percent
B) about 20 percent
C) about 40 percent
D) higher than 40 percent

Question 51

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder differs from male hypoactive sexual desire disorder MOST notably in that it:

A) includes difficulties in both the desire and arousal stages of the sexual response cycle.
B) leads to reproductive difficulties.
C) is much more likely to be physically caused than psychologically caused.
D) is much more difficult to treat.

Question 52

A person who once experienced normal to above-normal levels of sexual desire recently has begun to feel much less sexual desire than normal. A sexual dysfunction following this pattern would be called:

A) situational.
B) acquired.
C) lifelong.
D) generalized.

Question 53

To be classified as having male hypoactive sexual desire disorder, one would have a reduced interest in sex and little sexual activity, lasting:

A) a week.
B) a month
C) six months.
D) a year.

Question 54

If grandma is 90 and healthy, what is the chance, expressed as a percentage, that she still masturbates at least occasionally?

A) less than 1 percent
B) about 10 percent
C) about 20 percent
D) higher than 20 percent

Question 55

What percentage of 16-year-old males masturbate at least occasionally?

A) 15 percent
B) 35 percent
C) 55 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 56

A woman is perfectly capable of masturbating to orgasm, yet is unable to reach orgasm with a partner, either through sexual intercourse or through the partner's manual stimulation of her. MOST likely, this type of orgasmic disorder would be called:

A) lifelong.
B) acquired.
C) generalized.
D) situational.

Question 57

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder may include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) a low level of sexual activity.
B) finding sexual activity repulsive.
C) a lack of interest in sexual activity.
D) normal physical sexual responses.

Question 58

Research shows that sexual dysfunctions among homosexual couples:

A) are virtually nonexistent.
B) generally are more severe than among heterosexual couples.
C) include two distinct categories not included among heterosexual dysfunctions.
D) are the same as those seen in heterosexual couples.

Question 59

If an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for years and gradually developed a problem with becoming aroused under any condition, the type of dysfunction would be:

A) lifelong and situational.
B) acquired and situational.
C) lifelong and generalized.
D) acquired and generalized.

Question 60

A man who has never been able to achieve or maintain an erection for sexual intercourse would MOST likely be diagnosed with what type of erectile disorder?

A) acquired
B) lifelong
C) situational
D) generalized

Question 61

In males, the penis becomes erect during which phase of the sexual response cycle?

A) excitement
B) arousal
C) orgasm
D) resolution

Question 62

Women with female sexual interest/arousal disorder have difficulty with:

A) painful intercourse.
B) vaginal spasms.
C) maintaining proper lubrication.
D) stereotypical female sex roles.

Question 63

What is the MOST common biological cause of erectile failure in men?

A) diabetes
B) performance anxiety
C) vascular problems
D) abnormal hormone levels

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of female sexual interest/arousal disorder?

A) lack of clitoral swelling
B) lack of interest in sexual activity
C) inadequate lubrication during sexual activity
D) lack of sexual fantasies

Question 65

In females, the labia swells during which phase of the sexual response cycle?

A) desire
B) arousal
C) orgasm
D) resolution

Question 66

Erectile dysfunction occurs during the ______ phase of sexual arousal.

A) excitement
B) orgasmic
C) desire
D) resolution

Question 67

The event that is more likely to result in low sexual desire is:

A) sexual molestation.
B) the birth of a child.
C) infertility difficulties.
D) conflict in a relationship.

Question 68

A recent study of erectile disorder showed that most cases of erectile disorder are caused by:

A) psychosocial factors.
B) physical impairment.
C) a combination of psychosocial and physical causes.
D) causes other than psychosocial or physical ones.

Question 69

Which of the following drugs, used at low levels, may raise the sex drive?

A) alcohol
B) cocaine
C) amphetamines
D) pain medication

Question 70

The following are all examples of sociocultural causes of low sexual desire EXCEPT:

A) having a partner who lacks sexual skills.
B) loss of a job.
C) infertility problems.
D) pain medication.

Question 71

A woman who experiences little sexual response to erotic cues and physical stimulation is MOST likely experiencing:

A) female sexual interest/arousal disorder.
B) hypersexuality.
C) vaginismus.
D) gender dysphoria.

Question 72

Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in either low or high levels?

A) estrogen
B) prolactin
C) testosterone
D) progesterone

Question 73

According to DSM-5, all of the excitement disorders have in common the diagnostic requirement that the difficulty:

A) begins in adolescence or early adulthood.
B) causes significant distress or impairment.
C) is apparent in all sexual encounters.
D) lasts at least one year.

Question 74

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms may contribute to low sexual desire because someone with this disorder:

A) finds contact with body fluids and odors unpleasant.
B) compulsively seeks sexual partners.
C) obsesses about having no sexual partners.
D) is too afraid to enjoy sexual activity.

Question 75

In looking for a biological cause of an erectile disorder, one would MOST productively look for a:

A) neurological problem.
B) vascular problem.
C) reproductive problem.
D) renal problem.

Question 76

A young woman who formerly had a fairly high sex drive, and who reports no new medical problems, nonetheless experiences an unexpected drop in sex drive. What would be an important question to ask her, before recommending some sort of psychotherapy?

A) "Have you been exposed to high levels of testosterone lately?"
B) "Have you recently started taking birth control pills?"
C) "Have you recently stopped using marijuana?"
D) "Have you experienced lower levels of prolactin lately?"

Question 77

Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in low but not high levels?

A) estrogen
B) prolactin
C) testosterone
D) progesterone

Question 78

A recently married, physically healthy man expresses great love for his new spouse, yet feels almost no sexual desire for her. One likely cause of his condition is:

A) belief in a cultural double standard about women.
B) decreased testosterone output due to drinking on his wedding night.
C) increased estrogen output now that he has "settled down."
D) a relationship that is too positive and healthy.

Question 79

If a therapist were seeing patients for treatment of low sexual desire, the therapist would be MOST likely find which of the following disorders as well?

A) schizophrenia and eating disorders
B) substance abuse and anxiety disorder
C) depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) organic brain dysfunction and personality disorders

Question 80

A woman reports having vivid sexual fantasies, yet is unable to experience either clitoral or labial swelling or vaginal lubrication. The MOST likely diagnosis for this woman would be:

A) vaginismus.
B) fridgity.
C) female orgasmic disorder.
D) female sexual interest/arousal disorder.