Question 1

What advantage is shared by both interview and questionnaire data collection methods?&#10;A) Both seek to understand the attitudes, beliefs, and feelings of participants.&#10;B) Both are analyzed by statistical methods selected by the researcher.&#10;C) Both require extensive training of the researcher coordinating the study.&#10;D) Both are paper-and-pencil tests implemented by the researcher.

Accepted Answer

Both interview and questionnaire data collection methods are used to gather information about the attitudes, beliefs, and feelings of participants. They can be used to collect qualitative data as well as quantitative data, depending on the research question and the specific methods used. However, there are differences between these methods in terms of their strengths and limitations, as well as the types of data they can generate. For example, interviews may provide richer, more in-depth data but can be more time-consuming and costly, while questionnaires can be more efficient but may provide more limited data. The choice of method should depend on the research question, the nature of the data being sought, and the available resources.

Question 2

The training of data collectors to adhere strictly to a standard protocol for a research project will affect the ultimate outcome of the study by doing what?&#10;A) Reducing risks to human subjects&#10;B) Reducing cost of data collection&#10;C) Increasing consistency in data collection&#10;D) Increasing risk of introducing researcher bias into the study

Accepted Answer

Training data collectors to adhere strictly to a standard protocol for a research project will increase consistency in data collection. This is because a standard protocol ensures that all data collectors are using the same methods and procedures for collecting data, which reduces the potential for variability in the data due to differences in data collection practices. This increased consistency in data collection helps to improve the overall quality and reliability of the data, which in turn enhances the validity of the study's findings. While the training may also reduce risks to human subjects and potentially reduce the cost of data collection, these outcomes are not directly related to the impact on the ultimate outcome of the study. The training is unlikely to increase the risk of introducing researcher bias into the study as long as the protocol is designed to minimize such bias.

Question 3

Which data collection method is most vulnerable to researcher bias?&#10;A) Questionnaires&#10;B) Available data&#10;C) Observation methods&#10;D) Physiologic measurement

Accepted Answer

Observation methods are most vulnerable to researcher bias because the researcher is directly involved in collecting data and interpreting the results. The researcher's biases and expectations can influence what is observed and recorded, potentially leading to inaccurate or incomplete data. For example, a researcher who expects to find certain behaviors may unconsciously focus on and record those behaviors, while ignoring others that do not fit their preconceptions.
Questionnaires, available data, and physiologic measurements are less vulnerable to researcher bias because they typically involve less direct interaction between the researcher and the data being collected. Questionnaires can be designed to be objective and standardized, while available data and physiologic measurements are often collected by instruments that provide objective measurements without researcher involvement. However, it is important to note that even these methods can be affected by biases in the design of the study, selection of participants, or interpretation of the results.

Question 4

Which data collection method can be assessed by asking, &#34;Is there evidence that subjects were able to answer the questions?&#34;&#10;A) Questionnaires&#10;B) Interviews&#10;C) Physiologic measurement&#10;D) Records and databases

Accepted Answer

Questionnaires are a common data collection method used in research studies, and they typically involve asking subjects to respond to a series of questions. One way to assess the quality of data collected through questionnaires is to ask whether there is evidence that subjects were able to answer the questions. This means looking at factors such as the clarity of the questions, the appropriateness of the response options, and whether subjects were able to provide answers that were consistent and accurate. By doing so, researchers can ensure that the data collected through questionnaires is valid and reliable, and that it can be used to draw meaningful conclusions. In contrast, other data collection methods such as interviews, physiologic measurements, and records and databases may require different types of assessments to ensure the quality of the data.

Question 5

Which data collection method can be assessed by asking, &#34;Is there clear indication that the subjects understood the task and the questions?&#34;&#10;A) Questionnaires&#10;B) Interviews&#10;C) Physiologic measurement&#10;D) Records and databases

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which data collection method can be assessed...

Question 6

Which data collection method can be assessed by asking, &#34;Are the majority of the items appropriately close-ended or open-ended?&#34;&#10;A) Questionnaires&#10;B) Interviews&#10;C) Physiologic measurement&#10;D) Records and databases

Accepted Answer

Questionnaires are a data collection method that typically use a set of standardized questions to gather information from respondents. These questions can be either close-ended or open-ended. Close-ended questions provide a limited set of response options, while open-ended questions allow respondents to provide more detailed and varied responses.
Therefore, when assessing the appropriateness of the items in a questionnaire, one can ask whether the majority of the items are appropriately close-ended or open-ended. This question is not as relevant for other data collection methods, such as physiologic measurement, records and databases, or even interviews, which may not necessarily rely on questions with a set of response options.
In conclusion, questionnaires are the best choice for assessing the appropriateness of close-ended or open-ended items in a data collection method.

Question 7

The nurse researcher informs subjects that he or she would like to include them in a research study and that they can refuse to participate through what?&#10;A) Informed consent&#10;B) Concealment with intervention&#10;C) Unauthorized research&#10;D) Concealment without intervention

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is the process by which a researcher provides potential research participants with information about a study, including its purpose, methods, risks, and benefits, and obtains their voluntary agreement to participate. This process ensures that participants are fully informed about the research and have the option to refuse participation without any consequences. It is an ethical requirement in research involving human subjects and is designed to protect the rights and welfare of participants. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Option B, concealment with intervention, refers to a research method in which information about the research is deliberately withheld from participants during the study. This method is controversial and may not be ethical in some cases.
Option C, unauthorized research, is not an ethical or legal practice in any situation, as it involves conducting research without the knowledge or consent of participants.
Option D, concealment without intervention, refers to the practice of withholding information from participants about certain aspects of the study but does not involve any intervention or manipulation of variables. This method may be used in some cases, but informed consent is still required.

Question 8

What is the nurse researcher's primary concern in data collection for research?&#10;A) Flexibility in data collection&#10;B) Consistency in data collection&#10;C) Accurate interpretation of data collected&#10;D) Averaging of numerical scores to reduce the effect of outliers

Accepted Answer

Consistency in data collection is critical in nursing research to ensure that the data collected is reliable and valid. Nurse researchers must use consistent data collection methods and procedures to reduce the potential for errors or bias in the data. Consistent data collection methods also increase the reproducibility of research findings, which is essential for building a strong evidence base in nursing. While flexibility in data collection may be desirable in some cases, it can also lead to inconsistencies and compromise the quality of the data. The accurate interpretation of data collected and the use of appropriate statistical methods, including addressing outliers, are also important considerations in nursing research, but consistency in data collection is the primary concern.

Question 9

Which observational role would be most appropriate if the nurse researcher wants to identify maternal response behaviors to cries of infants with colic?&#10;A) Concealment with intervention&#10;B) Concealment without intervention&#10;C) No concealment with intervention&#10;D) No concealment without intervention

Accepted Answer

To accurately observe and identify maternal response behaviors without influencing those behaviors, the nurse researcher should opt for concealment without intervention. This approach allows for natural observation without the subjects being aware they are being observed, ensuring that their responses are genuine and not altered by the presence of the researcher or by any interventions.

Question 10

During a research project, the researcher notes that the subject completes each assigned task with a much higher level of performance than he normally exhibits. How should a nurse researcher most accurately describe this change in the subject's behavior?

A) Reactivity
B) Instability
C) Therapeutic
D) Interventionist

Accepted Answer

Reactivity refers to the phenomenon where individuals alter their performance or behavior due to the awareness that they are being observed. This is the most accurate description for the change in the subject's behavior noted by the researcher.

Question 11

What is an example of a physiologic measurement?&#10;A) Definition of a type A behavior pattern&#10;B) Description of self-care behavior abilities in patients with dementia&#10;C) Ranges of values on two consecutive arterial blood gas analyses&#10;D) Adjusted scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Scale

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is an example of a physiologic...

Question 12

A nurse researcher would choose physiologic data collection methods for which reason?&#10;A) Cost and subject acceptance&#10;B) Reduced researcher time&#10;C) Data collection of patient body weights&#10;D) No need for interrater reliability

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse researcher would choose physiologic data...

Question 13

Use of records or data-available methods of data collection would be most appropriate in which case?&#10;A) When research subjects are considered to be illiterate&#10;B) When participants are not known to be reliable historians&#10;C) When the goal of research is to analyze trends and change over time&#10;D) When the researcher suspects the subject may alter responses to please the researcher

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use of records or data-available methods of...

Question 14

What should the nurse researcher expect to be the difference between data collection for patient care and data collection for the purposes of research?&#10;A) For patient care, data are obtained from the patient and medical record; for research, data are obtained only from the patient.&#10;B) Data collection for research may include direct patient quotations; in patient care, recording of direct quotations is avoided.&#10;C) During research data collection, there is no direct interaction between the nurse and the patient.&#10;D) Data collection for research purposes must be objective and systematic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What should the nurse researcher expect to...

Question 15

The nurse researcher's use of a focus group interview with audio recording of group interactions would be considered to be an observational role of what?&#10;A) Concealment with intervention&#10;B) Concealment without intervention&#10;C) No concealment with intervention&#10;D) No concealment without intervention

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse researcher's use of a focus...

Question 16

Which data collection method would be most appropriate in studying bullying behavior in elementary school-aged girls?&#10;A) An unstructured interview&#10;B) Asking parents about their children's experience with bullying&#10;C) Responses of the children on a paper-and-pencil bullying scale&#10;D) Concealment of the researcher without intervention in children's behavior

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which data collection method would be most...

Question 17

A nurse researcher would select the interview method of data collection for which reason?&#10;A) It is of value only in qualitative studies.&#10;B) It allows subjects to provide more detailed answers&#10;C) Consistency, rather than objectivity, is of primary importance.&#10;D) Objectivity, rather than consistency, is of primary importance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse researcher would select the interview...

Question 18

The nurse researcher is attempting to answer specific questions about families' perceptions of caring for elderly parents with dementia. What would be the most appropriate method of data collection for this study?

A) Field notes
B) Structured interview
C) Unstructured interview
D) Physiologic instrumentation

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse researcher is attempting to answer...

Question 19

Which data collection method can be assessed by asking, &#34;Are the data examined in such a way as to provide new information?&#34;&#10;A) Questionnaires&#10;B) Interviews&#10;C) Physiologic measurement&#10;D) Records and databases

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which data collection method can be assessed...

Question 20

Two data collectors scored pressure ulcers similarly using the Braden Scale for pressure ulcer assessment. This finding indicates what?&#10;A) Interrater reliability between the two data collectors was high.&#10;B) Interrater reliability between the two data collectors was low.&#10;C) The data collection method was inappropriate for the investigation.&#10;D) Interrater reliability cannot be established without the two data collectors examining each pressure ulcer together at the same time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two data collectors scored pressure ulcers similarly...

Question 21

A nurse researcher is designing a study on objective analysis of vital sign monitoring before, during, and after trauma care in the emergency department. To analyze trends in this process, which types of measurements could the nurse consider incorporating? (Select all that apply.)

A) Available data (records of vital signs)
B) Paper and pencil scales
C) Questionnaires
D) Physiologic instruments readouts
E) Interviews

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse researcher is designing a study...

Question 22

Which data collection method can be assessed by asking, &#34;Is there a provision for evaluating the accuracy of the instrument?&#34;&#10;A) Questionnaires&#10;B) Interviews&#10;C) Physiologic measurement&#10;D) Records and databases

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which data collection method can be assessed...

Question 23

A nurse researcher is designing a study on objective analysis of vital sign monitoring before, during, and after trauma care in the emergency department. To analyze trends in this process, which types of measurements could the nurse consider incorporating? (Select all that apply.)

A) Available data (records of vital signs)
B) Paper and pencil scales
C) Questionnaires
D) Physiologic instruments readouts
E) Interviews

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse researcher is designing a study...

Question 24

What are some advantages of using physiologic data collection methods? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Objectivity&#10;B) Precision&#10;C) Flexibility&#10;D) Inexpensive&#10;E) Sensitivity

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some advantages of using physiologic...

Question 25

A nurse researcher is working with students experiencing test anxiety. The nurse has the students take a test while she watches through a two-way mirror. What does this approach incorporate? (Select all that apply.)

A) Observation
B) Interviewing
C) Reactivity
D) Structured interviewing
E) Concealment

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse researcher is working with students...

Question 26

What are the steps involved in instrument development? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Clarify the target population&#10;B) Define concept to be measured&#10;C) Develop items&#10;D) Estimate reliability and validity&#10;E) Statistically analyze individual items&#10;F) Develop implications from the item analysis

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the steps involved in instrument...

Deck 14: Data Collection Methods