Deck 5: Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

Agoraphobia is characterized by a fear of

A)being in unfamiliar places.
B)being embarrassed by saying or doing something foolish in front of others.
C)strangers misinterpreting their symptoms as a heart attack.
D)having a panic attack in places in which escape would be difficult or embarrassing.

Answer 1

having a panic attack in places in which escape would be difficult or embarrassing.

Question 2

Which of the following terms have been proposed as a more appropriate label for a social phobia?

A)social disorder
B)social anxiety disorder
C)social phobia disorder
D)avoidant personality disorder

Answer 2

social anxiety disorder

Question 3

The anxiety disorders all share

A)high fear and high anxiety.
B)excessively frequent or severe anxiety that results in marked impairment or distress.
C)the same set of anxiety symptoms.
D)panic.

Answer 3

excessively frequent or severe anxiety that results in marked impairment or distress.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Those with anxiety disorders have no greater risk for medical illness than those without anxiety disorders.
B)Those with anxiety disorders are more likely to be employed than those without anxiety disorders.
C)All of the anxiety disorders are associated with decrements in quality of life.
D)None of the anxiety disorders are associated with decrements in interpersonal concerns.

Question 5

Ted is fearful of interactions with others and avoids eating in public.Ted most likely has

A)specific phobia.
B)panic disorder with agoraphobia.
C)social phobia.
D)paranoia.

Question 6

The difference between anxiety and fear is that

A)anxiety is a response to immediate danger,while fear is defined as apprehension over an anticipated problem.
B)anxiety is immediate and fear is anticipated.
C)anxiety is apprehension over an anticipated problem,while fear is defined as a response to immediate danger.
D)anxiety is always adaptive,whereas fear is not.

Question 7

To improve performance on laboratory tests,it is best for participants to

A)experience a great deal of anxiety.
B)experience a small degree of anxiety.
C)experience no anxiety.
D)experience a small amount of anxiety as well as fear.

Question 8

Panic attacks

A)occur only in people with panic disorder,by definition.
B)can occur in people who do not have panic disorder.
C)occur in greatest frequency among people diagnosed schizophrenic)
D)occur primarily in people with agoraphobia)

Question 9

Ted is fearful of most social situations,whereas Andreas is only fearful of giving speeches.Given this,one could infer

A)that Ted's fear began at an earlier age.
B)that Ted may be more likely to abuse alcohol.
C)that Andrea has less impairment.
D)All of the above choices are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a cued panic attack?

A)One that occurs during sleep.
B)One that occurs in the therapist's office,under control and as part of treatment.
C)One that occurs in specific situations,such as when the person is driving.
D)One that occurs without warning while watching T.V.

Question 11

As a group,anxiety disorders

A)are unlikely to be comorbid.
B)are one of the least costly psychiatric disorders to society.
C)cause little interpersonal problems.
D)are the most common type of psychiatric diagnosis.

Question 12

Why has the term "social anxiety disorder" been proposed as a more appropriate label for social phobia?

A)Social phobias tend to be more pervasive and cause more interference with daily routines than other phobias.
B)A social phobia was termed "social anxiety disorder" in the DSM-III.
C)Many people with social phobias also meet criteria for Avoidant Personality Disorder.
D)Social phobias cause minimal impairment and tend to be of short duration.

Question 13

Depersonalization and derealization are common symptoms for which disorder?

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)specific phobia
C)social phobia
D)panic disorder

Question 14

In the question above,Ted would be diagnosed with ____________ while Andreas would be diagnosed with _________.

A)social phobia,specific type;social phobia,generalized type
B)social phobia,generalized type;social phobia,specific type
C)agoraphobia,social type;social phobia,specific type
D)agoraphobia,social type;generalized anxiety disorder

Question 15

An individual diagnosed with a social phobia

A)exhibits paranoid symptoms,believing others are plotting to hurt him or her.
B)is unable to speak in the presence of other people.
C)is terrified of being in public places and may become housebound.
D)becomes extremely anxious when in certain situations that involve activities done in the presence of other people.

Question 16

Edna does not currently have panic disorder.However,she cannot leave her house and required home sessions when she began therapy.It is likely

A)Edna has agoraphobia,but does not meet criteria for panic disorder.
B)Edna does not have agoraphobia.
C)Edna is faking her symptoms.
D)that Edna has more severe panic but is able to cope with the symptoms.

Question 17

Julie has a social phobia.Given this information,it would not be surprising if she also met DSM-IV-TR criteria for

A)schizophrenia.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)avoidant personality disorder.
D)obsessive compulsive personality disorder.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Hannah's performance on her algebra test will improve if she experiences a small degree of anxiety.
B)Hannah's performance on her algebra test will worsen if she experiences any anxiety.
C)Hannah's performance on her algebra test will improve if she experiences a fair amount of anxiety before and during the test.
D)Anxiety is not related to performance on tests.

Question 19

John is persistently and excessively afraid of snakes.Whenever he sees one,he feels intense anxiety and thus avoids snakes at all costs.John realizes,however,that this fear is unrealistic.John most likely has

A)Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
B)social phobia
C)specific phobia
D)panic disorder

Question 20

Dylan is walking through the jungles of Africa,and he suddenly comes across a ferocious tiger.Which of the following reactions is most adaptive in this scenario?

A)anxiety
B)anger
C)panic
D)fear

Question 21

The worries of people with GAD

A)are generally limited to physiological concerns.
B)are similar to worries of most people,just more excessive.
C)typically are driven by another Axis I disorder.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 22

Which of the following is an obsession?

A)Repeatedly checking that the water is turned off.
B)Humming a tune over and over.
C)Having a recurring fear that one is giving others illnesses when they actually are not.
D)Having excessive worry over finances.

Question 23

Symptoms of PTSD are grouped into which of the following major categories?

A)reexperiencing of traumatic event,avoidance of stimuli associated with event and anxiety
B)hypervigilance,avoidance of stimuli associated with event and exaggerated startle response
C)avoidance of stimuli associated with event,symptoms of increased arousal and symptoms of suicidality
D)reexperiencing of traumatic event,avoidance of stimuli associated with event and symptoms of increased arousal

Question 24

In more religious cultures,obsessions involved in OCD

A)are less prevalent than in less religious cultures.
B)are more likely to involve religious themes.
C)are considered blasphemous.
D)are more likely to involve themes of identity.

Question 25

According to the text,which of the following is NOT a theory as to why women are more likely to develop anxiety disorders than men?

A)Women may show more biological reactivity to stress than men.
B)Women tend to be more nervous than men in general.
C)Men may be raised to believe more in personal control over situations.
D)Men may experience more social pressure than women to face fears.

Question 26

Roughly what percentage of people in the United States has experienced at least one panic attack?

A)5%
B)15%
C)25%
D)50%

Question 27

The most common disorder comorbid with anxiety disorders is

A)borderline personality disorder.
B)obsessive compulsive disorder.
C)avoidant personality disorder.
D)major depression.

Question 28

Which of the following is a compulsion?

A)A persistent fear of getting dirty.
B)Having persistent doubts about whether the stove was turned off that morning.
C)Persistent checking for one's keys.
D)Persistent thoughts about harming one's spouse.

Question 29

Iris was in an automobile accident.She goes to a psychologist one week after the accident.If she is experiencing nightmares,flashbacks,headache,and is ruminating about the accident,she will likely receive which diagnosis?

A)acute stress disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)posttraumatic stress disorder
D)anxiety disorder not otherwise specified

Question 30

Individuals with anxiety disorders

A)have weak fear circuits.
B)have fear circuits that do not activate correctly when they are fearful or anxious.
C)have an overactive fear circuit.
D)have an underactive amygdala.

Question 31

Which of the following statements regarding compulsions is false?

A)Most people with OCD feel that if they do not complete the compulsion,something dire will happen.
B)The person generally realizes there is no rational need for such behaviors.
C)Counting and cleaning are common compulsions.
D)People with OCD rarely see their compulsions as "silly" or "absurd."

Question 32

If you lived in Taiwan or Japan,you would

A)be more likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.
B)be less likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.
C)be more likely to have kayak-angst.
D)never receive a formal psychiatric diagnosis.

Question 33

Hoarding is distinguished from the tendency to collect things (e.g. ,stamps)in that

A)it is beneficial to the person who hoards.
B)it creates distress and functional impairment.
C)it never involves saving items of monetary value.
D)it is more enjoyable to the person who hoards.

Question 34

Research shows that compared with men,women

A)are at least twice as likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.
B)are less likely to develop PTSD after exposure to a trauma.
C)are less likely to report their symptoms.
D)are more likely to be diagnosed with OCD.

Question 35

Oscar feels the urge to turn a light switch on and off 12 times before leaving a room. This would be referred to as

A)an irrational belief.
B)generalized anxiety.
C)an obsession.
D)a compulsion.

Question 36

Heritability estimates tend to be the highest for

A)panic disorder.
B)GAD.
C)PTSD.
D)arachnophobia.

Question 37

Women are more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety disorders because they are more

A)likely to face their fears directly.
B)physiologically vulnerable.
C)willing to report their symptoms.
D)exposed to social discrimination.

Question 38

What diagnosis is most appropriate for Nicole? She is constantly concerned with symmetry,often spending hours arranging items in her room so that the room appears even on the left and right.She also feels that when she eats,the items on the plate must be arranged symmetrically.All of this effort interferes with her work.

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)specific phobia
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 39

As many as _____ of people with PTSD continue to experience diagnosable symptoms when interviewed several years later.

A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%

Question 40

Intrusive,irrational and unwanted thoughts are called

A)irrational beliefs.
B)generalized anxiety.
C)obsessions.
D)compulsions.

Question 41

After viewing tapes of monkeys apparently showing fear of snakes,lambs,and flowers,monkeys who viewed these tapes were only fearful of snakes.This provides only partial support for ________ but better support for ________.

A)modeling;classical conditioning
B)vicarious learning;avoidance learning
C)modeling;prepared learning
D)prepared learning;diathesis

Question 42

Which of the following might buffer someone against developing an anxiety disorder?

A)repeated early life experiences of having control.
B)previous experiences of control during highly threatening circumstances.
C)being controlled by an understanding parent.
D)both a and b

Question 43

In terms of the social environment's role in the development of anxiety disorders,which of the following statements is true?

A)the presence of negative life events buffers against the development of anxiety disorders.
B)negative life events often precede the onset of anxiety disorders.
C)negative life events are unrelated to the onset of anxiety disorders.
D)none of the above

Question 44

Dana's baby,Sophie,participated in a study that indicated that Sophie had high levels of behavioral inhibition.Compared with babies who demonstrated low levels of behavioral inhibition,Sophie is likely to develop

A)panic disorder.
B)social phobia.
C)OCD.
D)agoraphobia.

Question 45

Dr.Francis randomly assigned puppies to one of two conditions.Group one grew up with the ability to choose when they would receive dog biscuits,while the second group had no control over when they would receive the dog biscuits.In this scenario,the second group

A)would be more likely to be aggressive.
B)would be less prone to neuroticism.
C)would be more likely to show high levels of behavioral inhibition.
D)would be more likely to display high levels of anxiety.

Question 46

Josie has panic disorder,while Herbie does not have an anxiety disorder.They are both shown pictures of sad and angry faces.The researchers studying Josie and Herbie's brain while they look at the pictures will most likely note that

A)Josie's amygdala is more active than that of Herbie's.
B)Josie's fear circuit and amygdala are less elevated than Herbie's.
C)Herbie's fear circuit is more elevated than Josie's.
D)Herbie's amygdala is more active than Josie's.

Question 47

An individual with a snake phobia would be most likely to pay attention to the word

A)orange.
B)desert.
C)Antarctica.
D)table.

Question 48

The second factor of Mowrer's two-factor model explains why

A)a man's dog phobia never ceases.
B)a man develops a dog phobia.
C)a man reduces his fear of dogs.
D)a man who develops a dog phobia is able to expose himself to dogs.

Question 49

Which of the following puts people at greater risk for developing anxiety disorders?

A)having a perception that they have no control over their environment.
B)having a comorbid diagnosis of schizophrenia.
C)having low levels of neuroticism.
D)having low levels of activity in the fear circuit.

Question 50

Lola is low in neuroticism.Compared with people who have high levels of neuroticism,Lola

A)is more likely to experience anxiety and depression.
B)is less likely to develop an anxiety disorder.
C)is probably characterized by a tendency to react to events with negative affect.
D)is more likely to have OCD.

Question 51

Ivan reported a traumatic history with dogs,resulting in his fear of dogs.However,Sven also reported a traumatic history with dogs,but does not have a fear of dogs.This provides support for

A)a diathesis for phobia.
B)a preparedness view of phobia.
C)a psychoanalytic theory of phobia.
D)the two-factor theory.

Question 52

What is a reason why people typically do not fear coconuts,flowers or strawberries?

A)During evolution,exposure to such stimuli was not life-threatening.
B)They are not poisonous.
C)They are not as common as stimuli such as blood or spiders.
D)People developed prepared learning in response to such stimuli.

Question 53

Laboratory studies,like the ones using the dot probe task,have provided evidence for the theory that

A)chronic anxiety creates negative cognitions.
B)fixating on dots for long periods of time may create anxiety.
C)the way we focus our attention can influence anxious mood.
D)none of the above.

Question 54

Neuroticism is best defined as

A)the tendency to feel depressed.
B)the tendency to feel anxious.
C)the tendency to react to events with greater than average negative affect.
D)the tendency towards pessimism.

Question 55

Behavioral inhibition is defined as

A)the tendency to experience neuroticism.
B)the inability to inhibit one's behavioral reactions.
C)the tendency to become agitated and cry when faced with novel stimuli.
D)the inability to regulate symptoms of anxiety.

Question 56

Doug was frightened by a rat coming into his bedroom when he was a child,and he now has a rat phobia.However,despite having been severely shocked by putting her finger in an electric outlet,Martha has no fear of sockets.This inconsistency is explained by the theory of

A)prepared learning.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)irrational beliefs.
D)avoidance conditioning.

Question 57

Researchers training those with GAD to focus on a positive set of words over a long period of time using the dot probe task have found that

A)participants are more likely to report anxiety following the trainings.
B)participants do not experience any changes in their levels of anxiety following the trainings.
C)participants report less anxiety in both interview and self report measures following the trainings.
D)participants report less anxiety in interview measures but more anxiety in self report measures.

Question 58

The evidence for a genetic component to phobias is limited by the fact that

A)agoraphobics' relatives are likely to develop a different anxiety disorder rather than a phobia.
B)the similarity between parents and children may be due to modeling,not genetics.
C)blood and injection phobias have a stronger genetic basis than social phobia.
D)several recent studies have found that relatives of people with phobias are not more likely to develop phobias.

Question 59

One problem with Mowrer's original two-factor model of phobias is that phobias tend to develop

A)following traumatic experiences.
B)only with respect to certain stimuli.
C)equally in all age groups.
D)in people not otherwise anxious.

Question 60

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a way that the development of anxiety through conditioning could take place?

A)direct experience
B)repressed memories
C)seeing someone else harmed
D)verbal instruction

Question 61

As opposed to people without a history of panic disorder,those with a history of panic disorder

A)are quicker to extinguish their conditioned fears.
B)are slower to extinguish their conditioned fears.
C)develop conditioned fears.
D)fail to develop conditioned fears.

Question 62

The Anxiety Sensitivity Index

A)has been important in determining panic-proneness.
B)measures fear of bodily sensations.
C)allows for tests of the concern with control over bodily symptoms as a hypothesis of panic.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 63

Panic attacks can be triggered by which of the following?

A)caffeine.
B)exercise.
C)adrenaline.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 64

According to Borkevec and colleagues,worry

A)serves as an avoidance mechanism.
B)is adaptive.
C)increases psychophysiological signs of arousal.
D)helps people remember traumatic images.

Question 65

Substantial evidence shows that symptoms of OCD are

A)adaptive.
B)related to overactivity in the locus ceruleus.
C)a result of increased worry.
D)related to overactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex,caudate nucleus and the anterior cingulate.

Question 66

In regard to panic,the locus ceruleus

A)is likely to be under sensitive.
B)decreases panic by decreasing activity.
C)shows increased activity.
D)exhibits lower glucose metabolism.

Question 67

A major psychological hypothesis regarding the onset of panic involves

A)a fundamental problem with breathing control.
B)difficulties in relaxing.
C)a concern with,and misinterpretation of,bodily sensations.
D)excessive attempts to relax that fail.

Question 68

Studies of the influence of cognition with respect to panic attacks indicate that cognition

A)is important only when the person has panic disorder.
B)plays an important role in whether a person develops a panic attack.
C)is influenced by the locus ceruleus.
D)leads to misinterpretation of bodily sensations.

Question 69

When triggering panic attacks experimentally through the use of drugs,researchers have found that

A)such drugs produce panic in people without a history of panic attacks as often as they produce panic in people with a history of panic attacks.
B)more than a dozen different types of drugs can trigger panic attacks among people with a history of panic attacks
C)it is nearly impossible to actually replicate the physiological symptoms that occur during a real panic attack.
D)people with a history of panic attacks are more likely to report physiological symptoms than emotional symptoms.

Question 70

Gina has social phobia.Now,in an effort to overcome her social fear,she is awkward,frequently commits faux pas by avoiding eye contact and struggles to respond effectively when given compliments.This is an illustration of

A)a predisposing biological factor.
B)preparedness.
C)social skill deficits in social phobia.
D)cognitive bias in social phobia.

Question 71

Why is avoidance behavior so often maintained?

A)People do not want to overcome their fears.
B)Such behavior reduces the amount of fear a person experiences.
C)Friends and family members generally encourage it.
D)People fail to use safety behaviors.

Question 72

There is evidence that social phobia is related to placing more attention to ________ cues and less attention to ________ cues.

A)external;internal
B)social;personal
C)internal;external
D)personal;social

Question 73

What is the main symptom of GAD?

A)increased heart rate.
B)fear of dying.
C)worry.
D)dizziness.

Question 74

Research shows that some brain areas are overactive in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).It is not clear,however,that overactivity in these areas causes OCD because

A)the same areas are more overactive in other anxiety disorders.
B)successful psychotherapy normalizes activity in these areas.
C)medications can reduce the overactivity but do not reduce OCD symptoms.
D)some people with OCD do not show overactivity in these areas.

Question 75

Both Lindsay and Nicole just completed a solo in a musical competition.The judges awarded them both 9 out of 10.Lindsay has social phobia and Nicole does not.Based on this information,

A)Lindsay is less likely to worry about how others perceived her performance.
B)Nicole is more likely to have higher standards than Lindsay.
C)Lindsay is more likely to think she sang more poorly than Nicole.
D)There is not enough information to make any conclusions.

Question 76

Classical conditioning of panic attacks in response to bodily sensations is called

A)interoceptive conditioning.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)two-factor model.
D)exposure.

Question 77

In the cognitive view,which anxiety disorder develops when anxiety is reinforced by distracting people from other,more powerful,negative emotions and images?

A)phobias.
B)panic disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 78

Behavioral models consider compulsions

A)to be classically conditioned responses.
B)to be operantly conditioned responses.
C)to be a result of suppressed obsessions.
D)to be related to deficient locus ceruleus activity.

Question 79

According to Borkovec and colleagues' cognitive model,why do people worry?

A)It prevents people from having a panic attack.
B)It distracts people from more powerful negative emotions and images.
C)It serves as a useful problem-solving strategy.
D)Some people have a genetic disposition to worry.

Question 80

Which of the following is an example of a safety behavior?

A)seeking treatment.
B)avoiding snakes.
C)exposing oneself to a feared stimulus in a controlled environment.
D)avoiding eye contact.