Deck 23: Pleural Diseases

Question 1

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Distal airway and alveolar weakening

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Answer 1

NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 2

MATCHING
The clinical scenarios associated with respiratory disease result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused (or activated) by the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with the disorder. Using the "Yes" or "No" items, match the major anatomic alterations of the lungs that cause the clinical scenario associated with Pleural Effusions.
Distal Airway and Alveolar Weakening Clinical Scenario

A)YES-This is associated with pleural effusions.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural effusion.

Answer 2

NO-This is not associated with pleural effusion.

Question 3

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Atelectasis

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Answer 3

YES-This is associated with pleural disease.

Question 4

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Fibrotic thickening of the alveoli (parenchymal fibrosis)

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 5

MATCHING
The clinical scenarios associated with respiratory disease result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused (or activated) by the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with the disorder. Using the "Yes" or "No" items, match the major anatomic alterations of the lungs that cause the clinical scenario associated with Pleural Effusions.
Excessive Bronchial Secretions Clinical Scenario

A)YES-This is associated with pleural effusions.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural effusion.

Question 6

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Alveolar hyperinflation (air-trapping)

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 7

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Destruction of pulmonary capillaries

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 8

MATCHING
The clinical scenarios associated with respiratory disease result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused (or activated) by the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with the disorder. Using the "Yes" or "No" items, match the major anatomic alterations of the lungs that cause the clinical scenario associated with Pleural Effusions.
Increased Alveolar-Capillary Membrane Thickness Clinical Scenario

A)YES-This is associated with pleural effusions.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural effusion.

Question 9

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Interstitial edema

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 10

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Alveolar rupture

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 11

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Increased surface tension of pulmonary surfactant

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 12

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Lung compression

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 13

MATCHING
The clinical scenarios associated with respiratory disease result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused (or activated) by the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with the disorder. Using the "Yes" or "No" items, match the major anatomic alterations of the lungs that cause the clinical scenario associated with Pleural Effusions.
Atelectasis Clinical Scenario

A)YES-This is associated with pleural effusions.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural effusion.

Question 14

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Bronchospasm (smooth muscle constriction of bronchial airways)

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 15

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Granulomas

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 16

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Pulmonary capillary congestion

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 17

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Alveolar consolidation

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 18

MATCHING
The clinical scenarios associated with respiratory disease result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused (or activated) by the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with the disorder. Using the "Yes" or "No" items, match the major anatomic alterations of the lungs that cause the clinical scenario associated with Pleural Effusions.
Alveolar Consolidation Clinical Scenario

A)YES-This is associated with pleural effusions.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural effusion.

Question 19

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Chronic dilation and distortion of bronchial airway

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 20

MATCHING
The clinical scenarios associated with respiratory disease result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused (or activated) by the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with the disorder. Using the "Yes" or "No" items, match the major anatomic alterations of the lungs that cause the clinical scenario associated with Pleural Effusions.
Bronchospasm Clinical Scenario

A)YES-This is associated with pleural effusions.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural effusion.

Question 21

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Excessive bronchial secretions

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 22

Match the arterial blood gas changes that occur in a small pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PaCO₂

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 23

Next to the pulmonary function studies listed below, match the findings that typically develop in the patient with a pleural disease. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
V_T

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 24

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Permanent enlargement and deterioration of alveoli

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 25

Next to the pulmonary function studies listed below, match the findings that typically develop in the patient with a pleural disease. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
VC

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 26

Next to the pulmonary function studies listed below, match the findings that typically develop in the patient with a pleural disease. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
IC

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 27

Next to the pulmonary function studies listed below, match the findings that typically develop in the patient with a pleural disease. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
TLC

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 28

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Cavity formation

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 29

Match the arterial blood gas changes that occur in a small pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
HCO₃^-

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 30

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Chronic inflammation and swelling of airways

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 31

Next to the pulmonary function studies listed below, match the findings that typically develop in the patient with a pleural disease. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
RV%

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 32

Next to the pulmonary function studies listed below, match the findings that typically develop in the patient with a pleural disease. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
RV/TLC %

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 33

Match the arterial blood gas changes that occur in a small pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
pH

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 34

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Compression of the great veins and decreased cardiac venous return

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 35

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with pleural disease.
Bronchial airway obstruction

A)YES-This is associated with pleural disease.
B)NO-This is not associated with pleural disease.

Question 36

Next to the pulmonary function studies listed below, match the findings that typically develop in the patient with a pleural disease. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
FRC

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 37

Match the arterial blood gas changes that occur in a large pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
HCO₃^-

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 38

Match the arterial blood gas changes that occur in a large pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PaCO₂

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 39

Match the arterial blood gas changes that occur in a large pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
pH

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 40

Next to the pulmonary function studies listed below, match the findings that typically develop in the patient with a pleural disease. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
FRC

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 41

Match what develops in the oxygen indices of a patient with a pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
C(a-v)

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 42

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with a severe pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PCWP

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 43

Match what develops in the oxygen indices of a patient with a pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
O₂ER

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 44

Match what develops in the oxygen indices of a patient with a pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
_S/ _T

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 45

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with a severe pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
RVSWI

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 46

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with a severe pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
CI

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 47

Match what develops in the oxygen indices of a patient with a pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
SVO₂

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 48

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with a severe pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
SVI

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 49

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with a severe pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
SV

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 50

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with a severe pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
SVR

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 51

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with a severe pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PA

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 52

The clinical manifestations associated with pleural effusion are based on the clinical scenarios activated by distal airway and alveolar weakening.

Question 53

Match what develops in the oxygen indices of a patient with a pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
DO₂

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 54

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with a severe pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
LVSWI

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 55

The most common cause of a pleural effusion is pneumonia.

Question 56

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with a severe pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PVR

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 57

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with a severe pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
CO

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 58

Match what develops in the oxygen indices of a patient with a pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
O₂

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 59

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with a severe pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
CVP

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 60

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with a severe pleural effusion to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
RAP

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 61

Which of the following is/are associated with transudative pleural effusion?

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) II and III only
E) I and IV only

Question 62

The accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity is called empyema.

Question 63

An exudative pleural effusion has a low protein content.

Question 64

Congestive heart failure is a common cause of an exudative pleural effusion.

Question 65

A tracheal shift is commonly associated with a pleural effusion.

Question 66

A major cause of a transudative pleural effusion is a complication of hepatic cirrhosis.

Question 67

Fluid samples from a thoracentesis may be examined for which of the following?

A) I and III only
B) II and IV only
C) II, III, and IV only
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 68

Which of the following is/are major causes of an exudative pleural effusion?

A) II only
B) III only
C) I and IV only
D) I, III, and IV only

Question 69

Trauma to the neck commonly causes what is called a chylothorax.

Question 70

Pulmonary emboli are often associated with pleural effusions.

Question 71

A hemothorax is said to be present when the hematocrit of the pleural fluid is at least 25% of the peripheral blood.

Question 72

Trauma to the neck commonly causes which of the following?

A) Hemothorax
B) Chylothorax
C) Empyema
D) Hydrothorax
E) None of the above

Question 73

A pleural effusion commonly demonstrates which of the following findings during a chest assessment?

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) II and IV only
E) I, III, and IV only