Deck 13: Chemical Kinetics-Clearing the Air

Question 1

Indicate which of the following compounds is a component of photochemical smog.

A)H₂O
B)CO₂
C)N₂O
D)O₃
E)CO

Answer 1

O₃

Question 2

The greatest NO concentration is observed __________

A)in the morning before rush hour.
B)in the morning just after rush hour.
C)in midmorning.
D)at noon.
E)in midafternoon.

Answer 2

in the morning just after rush hour.

Question 3

For the reaction 2 A + 3 B $\to$ 4 C + 5 D,the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$ [A] would be written as __________

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 3

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding catalytic converters is NOT correct?

A)A catalytic converter targets compounds such as hydrocarbons,carbon monoxide,and nitrogen oxide compounds.
B)Reactions that reduce the amounts of hazardous by-products of the combustion reactions in automobiles occur very rapidly in the catalytic converter.
C)CO is usually oxidized to CO₂ in one stage of the catalytic converter.
D)Nitrogen oxides are usually oxidized to N₂ and O₂ in the catalytic converter.
E)Hydrocarbons are usually oxidized to CO₂ and H₂O in the catalytic converter.

Question 5

Indicate which of the following compounds is NOT a component of photochemical smog.

A)O₃
B)H₂O
C)NO₂
D)NO
E)organic molecules

Question 6

At what time of day are ozone concentrations highest during a photochemical smog event?

A)in the morning before rush hour
B)in the morning just after rush hour
C)midmorning
D)noon
E)midafternoon

Question 7

For the reaction 2 A + 3 B $\to$ 4 C + 5 D,the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$ [B] would be written as __________

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 8

NO₂ contributes to the "brown haze" associated with photochemical smog events.At what time of day is NO₂ concentration highest?

A)in the morning before rush hour
B)in the morning just after rush hour
C)midmorning
D)noon
E)midafternoon

Question 9

For the reaction CH₄(g)+ 4 NO(g) $\to$ 2 N₂(g)+ CO₂(g)+ 2 H₂O(g),the rate of the reaction in terms of the change in nitrogen monoxide concentration would be written as __________

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 10

If the rate of formation of ammonia is 0.345 M/s,what is the rate of disappearance of N₂? N₂(g)+ 3 H₂(g) $\to$ 2 NH₃(g)

A)0.173 M/s
B)0.345 M/s
C)0.690 M/s
D)245 M/s
E)0.518 M/s

Question 11

In the combustion of methane,CH₄(g)+ 2 O₂(g) $\to$ CO₂(g)+ 2 H₂O(g),which reactant has the greatest rate of disappearance?

A)CH₄
B)O₂
C)CO₂
D)H₂O
E)CH₄ and O₂ have the same rate of disappearance.

Question 12

The order in which ozone,nitrogen monoxide,and nitrogen dioxide build up in the atmosphere over the course of the day is __________ then __________ then __________

A)NO; NO₂; O₃.
B)NO; O₃; NO₂.
C)NO₂; NO; O₃.
D)NO₂; O₃; NO.
E)O₃; NO; NO₂.

Question 13

HI dissociates to form I₂ and H₂: 2 HI(g) $\to$ H₂(g)+ I₂(g). If the concentration of HI changes at a rate of -0.45 M/s,what is the rate of appearance of I₂(g)?

A)0.90 M/s
B)0.45 M/s
C)0.23 M/s
D)1.00 M/s
E)0.13 M/s

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an important reaction in the production of photochemical smog?

A)H₂O₂(g)+ O₂(g) $\to$ O₃(g)+ H₂O(g)
B)N₂(g)+ O₂(g) $\to$ 2 NO(g)
C)O₃(g)+ NO(g) $\to$ O₂(g)+ NO₂(g)
D)NO₂(g) $\to$ NO(g)+ O(g)
E)N₂(g)+ 3 O₂(g)+ OH(g)+ CH₃CHO(g) $\to$ CH₃(O)O₂NO₂(g)+ H₂O(g)+ NO₂(g)

Question 15

For the reaction CH₄(g)+ 4 NO(g) $\to$ 2 N₂(g)+ CO₂(g)+ 2 H₂O(g),the rate of the reaction in terms of the change in nitrogen concentration would be written as __________

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 16

Smog created by the interaction of sunlight with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds is termed __________ smog.

A)photolytic
B)photochemical
C)photophysical
D)acid
E)sulfurous

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT important as a contributing factor to photochemical smog?

A)stagnant air
B)sunlight
C)a lot of traffic
D)irrigation
E)cars without catalytic converters

Question 18

What is the device in an automobile that decreases the amount of NO and partially oxidized hydrocarbons in exhaust gases?

A)a catalytic intermediate
B)a photochemical inhibitor
C)a homogeneous catalyst
D)a nitrogen monoxide reducer
E)a catalytic converter

Question 19

For the reaction 2 A + 3 B $\to$ 4 C + 5 D,the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$ [C] would be written as __________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 20

Large cities often issue ozone advisories.At what time of year would an advisory be likely to occur most often?

A)winter
B)spring
C)summer
D)fall
E)No season should have more advisories than another.

Question 21

For the reaction CH₄(g)+ 4 NO(g) $\to$ 2 N₂(g)+ CO₂(g)+ 2 H₂O(g),the rate of the production of water is __________ that of the rate of consumption of NO.

A)twice
B)half
C)four times
D)one-quarter
E)equal to

Question 22

What is the average reaction rate for 2 NOBr(g) $\to$ Br₂(g)+ 2 NO(g)over the first 10 seconds?

A)1.3 $\times$ 10^-3 M/s
B)3.3 $\times$ 10^-3 M/s
C)6.7 $\times$ 10^-3 M/s
D)6.7 $\times$ 10^-4 M/s
E)3.4 $\times$ 10^-4 M/s

Question 23

Ammonia gas (NH₃)is produced from hydrogen and nitrogen gas according to the following reaction: 3 H₂(g)+ N₂(g) $\to$ 2 NH₃(g)
If the rate of production of ammonia is R(NH₃),what is the rate of loss of hydrogen and nitrogen gas,respectively?

A)-R(H₂)= 2/3 R(NH₃); -R(N₂)= 1/2 R(NH₃)
B)-R(H₂)= 3/2 R(NH₃); -R(N₂)= 2 R(NH₃)
C)-R(H₂)= 3/2 R(NH₃); -R(N₂)= 1/2 R(NH₃)
D)-R(H₂)= 2/3 R(NH₃); -R(N₂)= 2 R(NH₃)
E)-R(H₂)= R(NH₃); -R(N₂)= R(NH₃)

Question 24

Which of the following does the initial rate of a chemical reaction depend on?
I.Concentration of reactants
II.Concentration of products
III.Temperature

A)I
B)III
C)II
D)Both I and III
E)I,II,and III

Question 25

If the rate of formation of ammonia is 0.345 M/s,what is the rate of disappearance of N₂?
N₂(g)+ H₂(g) $\to$ NH₃(g)

A)0.173 M/s
B)0.345 M/s
C)0.690 M/s
D)245 M/s
E)0.518 M/s

Question 26

The rate of disappearance of HI in the reaction 2 HI(g) $\to$ I₂(g)+ H₂(g)is shown in the following figure.Estimate the instantaneous rate of this reaction at t = 5 s.

A)0.2 M/s
B)0.01 M/s
C)0.02 M/s
D)0.1 M/s
E)0.04 M/s

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding the average rate of a reaction is NOT true?

A)The change in concentration of reactant or product is not always linear with time.
B)The average reaction rate usually decreases as the reaction proceeds.
C)The average reaction rate can be determined from the slope of a line drawn between two points on a plot of concentration versus time.
D)The average reaction rate can be determined from the slope of the tangent line drawn at time = 0 on a plot of concentration versus time.
E)The average rate usually depends on the concentrations of reactants.

Question 28

If the average rate of reaction for 2 N₂O₅(g) $\to$ 4 NO₂(g)+ O₂(g)is 1.30 $\times$ 10^-5 M/s over five minutes of the reaction,what is the partial pressure of NO₂ after the first 5.00 minutes if the reaction takes place in a 10.0 L vessel maintained at 55.0°C?

A)0.420 atm
B)0.105 atm
C)0.156 atm
D)0.0704 atm
E)0.084 atm

Question 29

Approximately how many times faster or slower is the average reaction rate during the first four seconds (t = 0 to t = 4)than the second four seconds (t = 4 to t = 8)for the following reaction? 2 NOBr(g) $\to$ Br₂(g)+ 2 NO(g)

A)about 1.4 times faster
B)about 1.4 times slower
C)about 2.64 times slower
D)about 2.6 times faster
E)The average rate is constant.

Question 30

For the reaction 4 NH₃(g)+ 7 O₂(g) $\to$ 4 NO₂(g)+ 6 H₂(g),if H₂ is produced at a rate of 3.5 $\times$ 10^-3 M/s, O₂ is consumed at a rate of __________

A)2.5 $\times$ 10^-2 M/s.
B)2.1 $\times$ 10^-2 M/s.
C)4.1 $\times$ 10^-3 M/s.
D)3.0 $\times$ 10^-3 M/s.
E)5.8 $\times$ 10^-4 M/s.

Question 31

For the reaction 3 I^-(aq)+ H₃AsO₄(aq)+ 2 H⁺(aq) $\to$ I₃^-(aq)+ H₃AsO₃(aq)+ 2 H₂O( ),the rate of I^- consumption is __________ that of the rate of production of water.

A)one third
B)three times
C)two thirds
D)one and a half times
E)equal to

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true about the instantaneous rate for the chemical reaction A $\to$ B as the reaction progresses?

A)"- $\Delta$ [A]/ $\Delta$ t increases while $\Delta$ [B]/ $\Delta$ t decreases"
B)"- $\Delta$ [A]/ $\Delta$ t decreases while $\Delta$ [B]/ $\Delta$ t increases"
C)"both - $\Delta$ [A]/ $\Delta$ t and $\Delta$ [B]/ $\Delta$ t decrease"
D)"both - $\Delta$ [A]/ $\Delta$ t and $\Delta$ [B]/ $\Delta$ t increase"
E)"The answer will vary depending on the reaction mechanism."

Question 33

If the average rate of reaction for 2 O₃(g) $\to$ 3 O₂(g)is 0.250 M/s over the first 5.50 s,how much oxygen will form during this time?

A)1.38 M
B)4.13 M
C)0.69 M
D)0.25 M
E)0.46 M

Question 34

The rate of disappearance of HI in the reaction 2 HI(g) $\to$ I₂(g)+ H₂(g)is shown in the following figure.What is the approximate average rate of reaction over the first 15.0 seconds of the reaction?

A)0.275 M/s
B)0.138 M/s
C)0.0117 M/s
D)0.00917 M/s
E)0.0183 M/s

Question 35

Assuming that each of the following graphs has the same concentration and time axes,which has the greatest initial rate of disappearance of reactant?

A)
B)
C)
D)all are equivalent at the start of the reaction

Question 36

Which of the following statements regarding the difference between an average rate and an instantaneous rate is NOT correct?

A)The average rate is taken over a larger time period.
B)The instantaneous rate is taken from the slope of the curve at a specific time.
C)They are not different if the time interval chosen is small enough.
D)The instantaneous rate is always faster than the average rate.
E)Both tend to decrease as the reaction proceeds.

Question 37

Which of the following statements regarding the determination of reaction rates is true?

A)Reaction rates can be measured by monitoring how much product is generated or how much reactant is consumed in a given amount of time.
B)Reaction rates can be completely predicted based on the stoichiometry of a reaction.
C)The reaction rate determined at one instant during the course of a reaction is the same as at any other instant.
D)Experimentally determined reaction rates do not depend on factors other than concentration.
E)The average rate of reaction does not vary.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a possible graph of concentration versus time for a reactant?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)all of these are possible

Question 39

For the reaction 3 I^-(aq)+ H₃AsO₄(aq)+ 2 H⁺(aq) $\to$ I₃^-(aq)+ H₃AsO₃(aq)+ 2 H₂O( ),if I^- is consumed at a rate of 1.2 $\times$ 10^-4 M/s,H₂O is produced at a rate of __________.

A)8.0 $\times$ 10^-5 M/s
B)4.0 $\times$ 10^-5 M/s
C)3.6 $\times$ 10^-4 M/s
D)2.4 $\times$ 10^-4 M/s
E)1.8 $\times$ 10^-4 M/s

Question 40

The following graph shows the kinetics curves for the reaction of oxygen with hydrogen to form water: O₂(g)+ 2 H₂(g) $\to$ 2 H₂O(g).Which curve is hydrogen?

A)the dashed curve
B)the gray curve
C)the black curve
D)either the gray or the black curve
E)Any of these curves could be hydrogen.

Question 41

The rate of a reaction is found to double when the concentration of one reactant is quadrupled.The order of the reaction with respect to this reactant is __________

A)first.
B)second.
C)one-quarter.
D)one-half.
E)third.

Question 42

For the rate law Rate = k[A]^3/2[B],the partial order with respect to A is __________,the partial order with respect to B is __________,and the total order is __________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)The orders cannot be determined without a chemical reaction.

Question 43

For the rate law Rate = k[A][B]^1/2,the partial order with respect to A is __________,the partial order with respect to B is __________,and the total order is __________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)The orders cannot be determined without a chemical reaction.

Question 44

The rate of a reaction is found to triple when the concentration of one reactant is tripled.The order of the reaction with respect to this reactant is __________

A)first.
B)second.
C)zero.
D)one-half.
E)third.

Question 45

Given the following data,determine the rate law for the reaction NH₄⁺(aq)+ NO₂^-(aq) $\to$ N₂(g)+ 2 H₂O( )

A)k[NH₄⁺][NO₂^-]
B)k[NH₄⁺]²[NO₂^-]
C)k[NH₄⁺][NO₂^-]^1/2
D)k[NH₄⁺]^1/2[NO₂^-]²
E)k[NH₄⁺][NO₂^-]²

Question 46

In a rate law,the partial orders are determined by __________

A)the reactant concentrations.
B)the stoichiometric coefficients.
C)the product concentrations.
D)experiment.
E)the difference between the forward and reverse rates.

Question 47

Which of the following statements regarding reaction rates and kinetic molecular theory is NOT true?

A)Higher concentrations of reactants typically lead to greater reaction rates because a larger number of effective molecular collisions occur.
B)Collisions between product molecules that reform reactant molecules do not affect the overall rate of reaction.
C)The actual dependence of reaction rate on concentration must be determined experimentally because it depends on the reaction mechanism.
D)At t = 0,the maximum rate should be observed because only reactant molecules are present.
E)As the reaction proceeds,fewer reactant molecules are present and the reaction rate typically decreases.

Question 48

The reaction,A + 2 B $\to$ C,is first order in B and A.The overall order of the reaction is __________

A)first.
B)second.
C)third.
D)zero.
E)fourth.

Question 49

The rate of a reaction is found to quadruple when the concentration of one reactant is doubled.The order of the reaction with respect to this reactant is __________

A)first.
B)second.
C)one-quarter.
D)one-half.
E)third.

Question 50

Given the following data,determine the order of the reaction with respect to ICl. H₂(g)+ 2 ICl(g) $\to$ I₂(g)+ 2 HCl(g)

A)one-half
B)first
C)second
D)third
E)three-halves

Question 51

For the rate law Rate = k[A]^1/2[B],the partial order with respect to A is __________,the partial order with respect to B is __________,and the total order is __________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)The orders cannot be determined without a chemical reaction.

Question 52

For the rate law Rate = k[A][B]^3/2,the partial order with respect to A is __________,the partial order with respect to B is __________,and the total order is __________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)The orders cannot be determined without a chemical reaction.

Question 53

Given the following data,determine the order of the reaction with respect to H₂. H₂(g)+ 2 ICl(g) $\to$ I₂(g)+ 2 HCl(g)

A)one-half
B)second
C)first
D)third
E)three-halves

Question 54

The reaction 2 NO(g)+ O₂(g) $\to$ 2 NO₂(g)has the following rate law: Rate = k[O₂][NO]².If the concentration of NO is reduced by a factor of two,the rate will __________

A)double.
B)quadruple.
C)decrease by a factor of one-fourth.
D)decrease by a factor of one-half.
E)remain the same.

Question 55

Given the following data,determine the order of the reaction with respect to Cl₂. CO(g)+ Cl₂(g) $\to$ COCl₂(g)

A)one-half
B)first
C)second
D)third
E)three-halves

Question 56

The reaction CHCl₃(g)+ Cl₂(g) $\to$ CCl₄(g)+ HCl(g)has the following rate law: Rate = k[CHCl₃][Cl₂].If the concentration of CHCl₃ is increased by a factor of five while the concentration of Cl₂ is kept the same,the rate will __________

A)double.
B)triple.
C)stay the same.
D)increase by a factor of five.
E)decrease by a factor of one-fifth.

Question 57

Given the following data,determine the order of the reaction with respect to Cl₂. 2 NO(g)+ Cl₂(g) $\to$ 2 NOCl(g)

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
E)zero

Question 58

Determine the overall order of the reaction 2 NO(g)+ Cl₂(g) $\to$ 2 NOCl(g)from the following data:

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)three-halves
E)fourth

Question 59

The rate of disappearance of HI in the reaction 2 HI(g) $\to$ I₂(g)+ H₂(g)is shown in the following figure.Estimate the initial rate of reaction.

A)0.350 M/s
B)0.140 M/s
C)0.014 M/s
D)0.175 M/s
E)0.070 M/s

Question 60

Given the following data,determine the order of the reaction with respect to NO(g). 2 NO(g)+ Cl₂(g) $\to$ 2 NOCl(g)

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
E)zero

Question 61

Which of these could be the units of the rate constant for a first-order reaction?

A)M/s
B)1/Ms
C)1/Ms²
D)1/s
E)Ms

Question 62

Which of these could be the units for the rate constant in a second-order reaction?

A)M ^-1 s
B)M s^-1
C)M ^-1 s^-1
D)M ^-2 s^-1
E)Ms

Question 63

Suppose 2.00 g azomethane (58.1 g/mol)are placed in a 2.50 L container at 425°C and allowed to decompose according to the first order reaction,CH₃NNCH₃(g) $\to$ C₂H₆(g)+ N₂(g).Initially,0.0234 moles of C₂H₆ are produced per second.What is the rate constant?

A)0.588 s^-1
B)0.0468 ss^-1
C)0.0138 s^-1
D)0.0344 s^-1
E)0.680 s^-1

Question 64

Given the following data,determine the rate law for the reaction CH₃CHO(g) $\to$ CH₄(g)+ CO(g)

A)k
B)kP[CH₃CHO]
C)kP[CH₃CHO]^3/2
D)kP[CH₃CHO]^1/2
E)kP[CH₃CHO]²

Question 65

The reaction C₂H₅Cl(g) $\to$ C₂H₄(g)+ HCl(g)has a rate constant of approximately 4.20 $\times$ 10^-5 s^-1 at 700 K.What is the reaction rate if 123.8 g C₂H₅Cl is placed in an 8.00 L container at 700 K?

A)1.75 $\times$ 10^-4 M/s
B)3.36 $\times$ 10^-4 M/s
C)6.50 $\times$ 10^-4 M/s
D)1.01 $\times$ 10^-5 M/s
E)8.01 $\times$ 10^-5 M/s

Question 66

Which of the following plots indicates that the reaction is zero order?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of these

Question 67

The initial rate data for the reaction 2 N₂O₅(g) $\to$ 4 NO₂(g)+ O₂(g)is shown in the following table.Determine the value of the rate constant for this reaction.

A)4.09 s^-1
B)0.176 s^-1
C)0.0569 s^-1
D)0.225 s^-1
E)80.1 s^-1

Question 68

Determine the overall order of the reaction: H₂(g)+ 2 ICl(g) $\to$ I₂(g)+ 2 HCl(g)from the following data:

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
E)zero

Question 69

Given the following data,determine the rate law for the reaction H₂(g)+ 2 ICl(g) $\to$ I₂(g)+ 2 HCl(g)

A)k[H₂][ICl]
B)k[H₂][ICl]²
C)k[H₂]²[ICl]
D)k[H₂]^1/2[ICl]^1/2
E)k[H₂][ICl]^1/2

Question 70

Given the following data,determine the rate constant,k,of the reaction: H₂(g)+ 2 ICl(g) $\to$ I₂(g)+ 2 HCl(g)

A)1.65 $\times$ 10^-5 torr^-1s^-1
B)6.06 $\times$ 10⁴ torr^-1s^-1
C)8.17 $\times$ 10^-5 torr^-1s^-1
D)1.34 torr^-1s^-1
E)3.48 $\times$ 10³ torr^-1s^-1

Question 71

Determine the overall order of reaction for CO(g)+ Cl₂(g) $\to$ COCl₂(g)from the following data:

A)one-half
B)first
C)second
D)third
E)three-halves

Question 72

If the reaction 3 A + B + C $\to$ 2 D + E is first order overall,which of these could be the units of its rate constant,k?

A)1/s
B)M/s
C)1/Ms
D)1/Ms²
E)Ms

Question 73

Given the following data,determine the rate constant of the reaction 2 NO(g)+ Cl₂(g) $\to$ 2 NOCl(g)

A)1.13 M ^-2s^-1
B)9.44 M ^-2s^-1
C)37.8 M ^-2s^-1
D)0.0265 M ^-2s^-1
E)59.6 M ^-2s^-1

Question 74

Which of the following statements regarding rate laws and rate constants is true?

A)The rate constant is independent of temperature.
B)The units of the rate constant depend on the stoichiometry of the reaction.
C)The rate constant typically depends on concentration of reactant(s).
D)The rate typically depends on concentration of reactant(s).
E)The rate constant does not change when a catalyst is introduced.

Question 75

Which of the following plots indicates the reaction is second order?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of these

Question 76

To determine the rate law for a reaction,data from several reactions run at different concentrations are usually required.For what type of reaction are data from just one experiment plotting concentration versus time sufficient to determine the rate law?

A)zero-order reactions
B)first-order reactions
C)second-order reactions
D)reactions with fractional orders
E)photochemical reactions

Question 77

Indicate which of the following plots would be obtained for a second-order reaction.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of these

Question 78

Determine the overall order of the reaction CH₃CHO (g) $\to$ CH₄(g)+ CO(g)from the following data:

A)one-half
B)first
C)second
D)three-halves
E)third

Question 79

Given the following data,determine the rate law for the reaction 2 NO(g)+ Cl₂(g) $\to$ 2 NOCl(g)

A)k[NO][Cl₂]
B)k[NO][Cl₂]²
C)k[NO]²[Cl₂]
D)k[NO]²[Cl₂]²
E)k[NO][Cl₂]^1/2

Question 80

Which of the following plots would indicate that a reaction was first order?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of these