Deck 6: Intermolecular Forces-Attractions Between Particles

Question 1

The relative energies (strengths)of the intermolecular forces between five different substances are shown in the figure below.Which substance has the lowest boiling point?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Answer 1

a

Question 2

The relative energies (strengths)of the intermolecular forces present in each of four different pure substances are shown in the figure below.Which substance is most likely to be a solid at room temperature?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Answer 2

b

Question 3

The relative energies (strengths)of the intermolecular forces present in each of five different pure substances are shown in the figure below.Which substance has the lowest melting point?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Answer 3

a

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding dispersion forces is false?

A)Electrons in one molecule can experience attractions to nuclei in a neighboring nonbonded molecule.
B)Temporary dipoles can arise when electrons are temporarily asymmetrically redistributed around the nucleus of an atom or within a bond.
C)As electron cloud size increases,the strength of dispersion forces increases.
D)The dipole moments associated with dispersion forces are long-lasting.
E)Temporary dipoles can induce dipoles in other particles.

Question 5

Which of the following representations best shows the formation of an instantaneous dipole moment between two nonpolar molecules?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of these

Question 6

Indicate which of the following molecules exhibits the weakest dispersion forces.

A)N₂
B)S₈
C)Cl₂
D)I₂
E)Xe

Question 7

Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing dispersion interactions: CCl₄,CH₄,CF₄.

A)CH₄ < CF₄< CCl₄
B)CCl₄ < CH₄ < CF₄
C)CF₄ < CH₄ < CCl₄
D)CCl₄ < CF₄ < CH₄
E)CH₄ < CCl₄ < CF₄

Question 8

Indicate which of the following molecules exhibits the greatest dispersion forces.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 9

The relative energies (strengths)of the intermolecular forces present in each of five different pure substances are shown in the figure below.Which substance has the highest melting point?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 10

Which type of intermolecular interaction exists for all compounds?

A)ion-ion
B)dipole-dipole
C)dispersion
D)hydrogen bonding
E)dipole-induced dipole

Question 11

Which of the following molecules will have the highest boiling point?

A)CO₂
B)C₆H₆ (benzene)
C)C₆F₆ (hexafluorobenzene)
D)C₂H₂
E)CF₄

Question 12

Dispersion forces are due to __________

A)permanent dipoles.
B)temporary dipoles.
C)hydrogen bonding.
D)ionic interactions.
E)protons.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A)The more electrons in an atom,the more likely it is that they will be asymmetrically distributed.
B)The more electrons in an atom,the stronger the dispersion forces it can experience.
C)Larger atoms may experience larger temporary dipoles.
D)Atoms lower in the periodic table probably experience larger dispersion forces.
E)As the strength of temporary dipoles decreases within a substance,the boiling point increases.

Question 14

Indicate which of the following compounds will have the lowest boiling point.

A)CCl₄
B)CI₄
C)CF₄
D)CH₄
E)CBr₄

Question 15

Which of the following would you predict has the highest polarizability?

A)CO₂
B)CBr₄
C)Cl₂
D)CH₄
E)CCl₄

Question 16

Identify the compound that is most likely to be a solid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

A)C₂H₄
B)C₂H₆
C)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
D)C₁₀H₈
E)C₆H₆

Question 17

The relative energies (strengths)of the intermolecular forces between five different substances are shown in the figure below.Which substance has the highest boiling point?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 18

Indicate which of the following molecules exhibits the greatest dispersion forces.

A)CH₃CH₃
B)CH₃CH₂CH₃
C)C₂H₂
D)CH₄
E)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

Question 19

Which of the substances a-e in the following figure has the weakest intermolecular forces?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 20

Polarizability refers to __________

A)the ease with which the electron cloud of an atom or molecule can be distorted.
B)the magnitude of the dipole moment of a molecule.
C)the ease with which a hydrogen bond can form.
D)the perturbation in electron density because of hydrogen bonding.
E)the ability to transmit polarized light.

Question 21

Which of the following compounds will have the strongest dipole-dipole interactions between its molecules?

A)CF₄
B)CH₄
C)CH₃F
D)CH₂F₂
E)CH₃Cl

Question 22

For a molecule to exhibit dipole-dipole interactions,it must __________

A)have a temporary dipole moment.
B)have a hydrogen bound to an oxygen,nitrogen,or fluorine.
C)have a permanent dipole moment.
D)be an ion.
E)have three or more atoms.

Question 23

A hydration sphere forms around an ion in aqueous solution due to __________

A)ion-dipole interactions.
B)ion-hydrogen-bonding interactions.
C)dispersion forces.
D)dipole-dipole interactions.
E)ion-induced dipole interactions.

Question 24

Which of the following compounds is capable of dipole-dipole interactions?

A)CH₄
B)CO₂
C)H₂CO
D)SF₆
E)NH₄⁺

Question 25

The dipole moments of HCl and of HBr are 1.08 D and 0.82 D,respectively.The boiling point of HBr is higher than that of HCl.This is probably because HBr has __________

A)fewer electrons.
B)larger dispersion interactions.
C)hydrogen bonding.
D)larger dipole-dipole interactions.
E)more ionic character.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is false?

A)When an ionic compound dissolves in water,the ions interact with the permanent dipoles of the water molecules.
B)Water molecules orient such that their oxygen atoms point toward an anion in solution.
C)Liquid ammonia,NH₃,like water,could experience ion-dipole interactions with dissolved ions.
D)Water molecules in the inner sphere of hydration of an ion are involved in ion-dipole interactions.
E)Hydrated ions are stabilized by the surrounding water molecules.

Question 27

For molecules or atoms with the same mass,which of the following is the weakest intermolecular interaction?

A)ion-dipole
B)hydrogen bonding
C)dipole-dipole
D)dispersion
E)ion-induced dipole

Question 28

Which of the following solvents could involve ion-dipole interactions with Na⁺?

A)benzene (C₆H₆)
B)carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)
C)chloroform (CHCl₃)
D)cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂)
E)pentane (C₅H₁₂)

Question 29

Which of the following diagrams best shows a set of polar molecules interacting through dipole-dipole interactions?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)all of these

Question 30

Dipole-dipole interactions typically are not as strong as ion-dipole interactions because __________

A)ion-dipole interactions involve partial charges caused by the equal sharing of electrons by atoms forming a bond.
B)dipole-dipole interactions involve the complete transfer of charge between atoms.
C)ion-dipole interactions involve only the partial transfer of charge between atoms.
D)ion-dipole interactions always involve water.
E)dipole-dipole interactions involve only partial charges caused by unequal sharing of electrons by atoms forming a bond.

Question 31

You are interested in determining the solubility of ionic compounds in solvents other than water,and you decide to try liquid ammonia,NH₃.Which of the following statements regarding your experiment is probably true?

A)The hydrogen ions in ammonia have partial negative charges and can stabilize Na⁺ in solution.
B)The molecular dipole moment is too small to effectively interact with ions.
C)The hydrogen atoms in ammonia would orient toward both ions equally.
D)The lone pair of electrons on ammonia can act in a similar way as the lone pairs on oxygen in water.
E)Ion-dipole interactions exist only in water.

Question 32

When sodium chloride dissolves in water,how do the water molecules orient around the ions?

A)Water molecules are randomly oriented around the ions.
B)The hydrogen atoms point toward both the sodium and the chloride.
C)The oxygen atoms point toward both the sodium and the chloride.
D)Around sodium the hydrogen atoms point toward the sodium,and around chloride the oxygen atoms point toward the chloride.
E)Around sodium the oxygen atoms point toward the sodium,and around chloride the hydrogen atoms point toward the chloride.

Question 33

Viscosity is a measure of a substance's __________

A)ability to resist changes in its surface area.
B)resistance to flow.
C)surface tension.
D)compressibility.
E)color.

Question 34

When an ion is dissolved in water,which of the following intermolecular forces are in effect: ion-dipole forces,dipole-dipole forces,and/or dispersion forces?

A)dispersion forces
B)dipole-dipole forces
C)ion-dipole forces
D)ion-dipole forces and dispersion forces
E)all of these

Question 35

Which of the following pairs of compounds lists the molecule with the stronger dipole-dipole forces first?

A)CH₂Br₂ and CH₂Cl₂
B)C₃H₈ and CH₃CN
C)(CH₃)₃N and (CH₃)₃P
D)(CH₃)₂S and (CH₃)₂O
E)CH₃F and CHF₃

Question 36

Ion-dipole forces always require

A)an ion and a water molecule.
B)a cation and a water molecule.
C)an anion and a polar molecule.
D)an ion and a polar molecule.
E)a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

Question 37

Which of the following compounds is capable of hydrogen bonding?

A)CH₃OCH₃
B)CH₃COCH₃
C)CH₃CH₂OH
D)H₂CO
E)CH₃F

Question 38

Which of the following straight chain alkanes would you predict is the most viscous? All are liquids exhibiting the general bonding pattern,CH₃-(CH₂)_n-CH₃.

A)C₁₂H₂₆
B)C₁₀H₂₂
C)C₅H₁₂
D)C₆H₁₄
E)C₉H₂₀

Question 39

Based on their boiling points,which of the following compounds has the largest dipole-dipole interaction?

A)propane (231 K)
B)dimethyl ether (248 K)
C)acetonitrile (355 K)
D)methyl chloride (249 K)
E)butane (135 K)

Question 40

Which of the following compounds would you predict can experience only dispersion forces?

A)ICl₅
B)CH₃Cl
C)PCl₅
D)CH₃OCH₃
E)(CH₃)₃N

Question 41

The solubility of a compound may depend on many factors,including __________

A)solute-solvent interactions.
B)solute-solute interactions.
C)solvent-solvent interactions.
D)physical parameters such as temperature.
E)all of the items listed.

Question 42

Which of the following compounds would be most soluble in carbon tetrachloride,CCl₄?

A)H₂O
B)CH₃OH
C)NH₃
D)C₆H₆
E)HCl

Question 43

Which of the following statements regarding hydrogen bonding is incorrect?

A)Hydrogen bonds can form between like or unlike molecules.
B)Hydrogen bonds are intermediate in strength between covalent bonds and dipole-dipole forces.
C)Hydrogen bonding is irreversible.
D)Hydrogen must be directly bonded to F,N,or O to participate in hydrogen bonding.
E)Hydrogen bonding plays a key role in the shapes of molecules.

Question 44

Indicate which of the following pairs of compounds is most likely to be miscible.

A)CCl₄ and Br₂
B)Br₂ and HCl
C)HF and CCl₄
D)H₂O and CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
E)CCl₄ and NH₃

Question 45

Molecular nitrogen (N₂)interacts with water and is sparingly soluble in water due to _________

A)dispersion forces.
B)dipole-induced dipole forces.
C)ion-dipole forces.
D)hydrogen bonding.
E)dipole-dipole forces.

Question 46

Which of the following compounds is capable of hydrogen bonding?

A)CH₄
B)H₂CO
C)HCN
D)HCl
E)HNO₂

Question 47

Suppose a solution that is 70% isopropyl alcohol and 30% water by mass has a density of 0.785 g/mL.Which of the following statements regarding this solution is correct? Isopropyl alcohol has a condensed formula of (CH₃)₂CHOH and has a molar mass of 60.09 g/mol.

A)Isopropyl alcohol is the solvent.
B)Isopropyl alcohol can hydrogen bond with water and with itself.
C)100 mL of this solution would have a mass of 785 grams.
D)The number of moles of isopropyl alcohol is greater than the number of moles of water present.
E)The solution will separate over time because the intermolecular forces between water molecules are so strong.

Question 48

Which of the following polar compounds is likely to have the highest boiling point?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₃
B)CH₃CH₂OH
C)(CH₃)₂CO
D)H₂CO
E)CO

Question 49

Which alcohol should be most soluble in a nonpolar solvent such as hexane,C₆H₁₄?

A)CH₃OH
B)CH₃CH₂OH
C)CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
D)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
E)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH

Question 50

You decide to experiment with carbon disulfide (CS₂)as a solvent.Which of the following statements is probably true? Carbon disulfide is a colorless liquid with a density of 1.261 g/mL and a molar mass of 76.14 g/mol.

A)CS₂ is probably a good solvent for alkanes (carbon-hydrogen molecules containing only single bonds).
B)Water is probably miscible with CS₂.
C)For a substance to dissolve in CS₂,dipole-dipole interactions between CS₂ molecules would have to be broken.
D)Solutes that experience hydrogen bonding should dissolve readily in CS₂.
E)Nonpolar gases such as N₂ and O₂ are probably completely insoluble in CS₂.

Question 51

Which of the following compounds is likely to have the highest boiling point?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 52

Hydrophilic substances __________

A)are immiscible in water.
B)are insoluble in water.
C)are soluble in water.
D)are soluble in nonpolar solvents.
E)generally do not hydrogen bond.

Question 53

Which of the following gases is likely to condense at the highest temperature (gas $\rightarrow$ liquid)?

A)NH₃
B)HCl
C)CH₄
D)PH₃
E)SiH₄

Question 54

Which of the following is true?

A)Nonpolar molecules can dissolve in polar solvents.
B)Gases are soluble only in nonpolar solvents.
C)Ionic compounds cannot dissolve in any solvent other than water.
D)Polar molecules cannot dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
E)Solubility depends only slightly on the strength of solute-solute attractive forces.

Question 55

Which one of the following substances would you predict to most readily enter the gas phase from the liquid phase?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 56

When two liquids mix completely in all proportions,they are __________

A)soluble.
B)miscible.
C)insoluble.
D)solvated.
E)ubiquitous.

Question 57

Which one of the following substances would you predict to have the highest boiling point?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 58

A substance that is __________ will be insoluble in water,but a substance that is __________ will be soluble in water.

A)hydrophobic; immiscible
B)immiscible; hydrophobic
C)hydrophilic; miscible
D)hydrophobic; hydrophilic
E)miscible; immiscible

Question 59

Which of the following compounds do you expect to be most soluble in water?

A)CO₂
B)CCl₄
C)O₂
D)SiO₂
E)NH₃

Question 60

Which of the following pairs of compounds is most likely to be immiscible?

A)Br₂ and C₆H₆
B)H₂O and CH₃CH₂OH
C)CCl₄ and H₂CO
D)CH₃OH and CH₃CH₂OH
E)H₂O and NH₃

Question 61

At the critical point,__________

A)all the liquid has evaporated.
B)the densities of the solid and liquid are the same.
C)the densities of the solid and the gas are the same.
D)the densities of the gas and the liquid are the same.
E)a critical mass has been reached.

Question 62

A phase diagram shows the states of a substance as a function of __________ and __________.

A)pressure; volume
B)volume; temperature
C)pressure; temperature
D)concentration; temperature
E)density; pressure

Question 63

Which of the following statements regarding the physical state of a substance is true?

A)All substances expand as they melt or boil.
B)The physical state observed is largely independent of attractive forces between the substance's constituent particles.
C)The physical state observed depends only on temperature.
D)The solid and liquid phases are unaffected by changes in pressure.
E)Changes in temperature cause changes in the energies of the substance's constituent particles.

Question 64

The density of water decreases as it is cooled from 4.0°C to freezing because __________

A)water molecules decrease in size as they cool because energy is released.
B)a regular,repeating network of hydrogen bonds between water molecules is formed.
C)water molecules become more rigid as they cool.
D)hydrogen bonds in liquid water are longer than they are in ice.
E)all substances contract just before freezing.

Question 65

Point c in the phase diagram below is the __________

A)critical point.
B)triple point.
C)transition point.
D)normal freezing point.
E)normal boiling point.

Question 66

The temperature at point a in the phase diagram below is the __________

A)critical point.
B)triple point.
C)transition point.
D)normal freezing point.
E)normal boiling point.

Question 67

Stearic acid,a fatty acid commonly found in animal fat,has a condensed chemical formula of CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COOH.It is a common component of soaps and detergents.Which of the following statements is false?

A)The -COOH group would experience hydrogen bonding with water.
B)The long alkane "tail," CH₃(CH₂)₁₆-,is hydrophobic.
C)Stearic acid and water are probably miscible.
D)Stearic acid would probably dissolve in nonpolar solvents such as hexane,C₆H₁₄.
E)Stearic acid contains hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 68

The resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface area is __________

A)surface tension.
B)viscosity.
C)capillary action.
D)a meniscus.
E)impossible.

Question 69

At the point marked with a dot on the phase diagram,the solid will __________

A)be indistinguishable from the gas.
B)boil.
C)melt.
D)sublime.
E)liquify.

Question 70

Which statement about the phase diagram below is NOT correct?

A)The critical point is shown.
B)D is the normal boiling point.
C)The melting point increases as pressure increases.
D)The normal melting point is at a lower temperature than the triple point.
E)E,F,and G label in that order the solid,liquid,and gas phases.

Question 71

Which of the following is not equal to a standard atmosphere (atm)?

A)1013 mb
B)10⁵ Pa
C)101.3 kPa
D)1.013 $\times$ 10⁵ N/m²
E)the average pressure at sea level

Question 72

The temperature at point b in the phase diagram below is the __________

A)critical point.
B)triple point.
C)transition point.
D)normal freezing point.
E)normal boiling point.

Question 73

What does the line indicated in the following phase diagram represent? (s = solid; = liquid; g = gas)

A)s- boundary
B)s-g boundary
C) -g boundary
D)triple point
E)s-s boundary

Question 74

Point d in the phase diagram below is the __________

A)critical point.
B)triple point.
C)transition point.
D)normal freezing point.
E)normal boiling point.

Question 75

Which of the following compounds would you most appropriately call hydrophobic?

A)CH₄
B)H₂CO
C)CO
D)HCl
E)NaCl

Question 76

Water forms a concave meniscus in a glass tube because __________

A)the cohesive forces between water molecules are larger than the adhesive forces between water molecules and the glass wall.
B)the adhesive forces between water molecules and the glass wall are larger than the cohesive forces between water molecules.
C)water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other.
D)water molecules repel each other.
E)the glass wall is wet.

Question 77

Which of the following liquids will have the highest surface tension?

A)dimethylamine,(CH₃)₂NH
B)dimethylsulfide,(CH₃)₂S
C)water,H₂O
D)1-propanol,CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
E)ethylene glycol,HOCH₂CH₂OH

Question 78

Consider the phase diagram for a substance shown here.The solid phase is ________ than the liquid phase.

A)more dense
B)less dense
C)more massive
D)less massive
E)hotter

Question 79

At the triple point of a substance,__________

A)three phases are present in equilibrium.
B)the solid completely sublimes.
C)the gas completely condenses to a liquid.
D)only the solid and liquid are in equilibrium.
E)only one phase appears to be present.

Question 80

Which of the following statements is false regarding capillary action?

A)Capillary action refers to the rise of a liquid in a narrow tube.
B)The molecules can move in opposition to gravity.
C)The molecules in the liquid are attracted to each other.
D)An external force is required to cause the movement of the liquid.
E)The phenomenon is caused by both adhesive and cohesive forces.