Deck 3: Atomic Structure-Explaining the Properties of Elements

Question 1

Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the highest frequency?

A)ultraviolet
B)X-rays
C)radio waves
D)infrared
E)visible

Answer 1

X-rays

Question 2

What is the frequency ( $v$ in Hz)of the photons emitted by a He-Ne laser with a wavelength ( $\lambda$ )of 632.8 nm?

A)4.738 $\times$ 10⁵ Hz
B)1.897 $\times$ 10² Hz
C)1.897 $\times$ 10¹¹ Hz
D)4.738 $\times$ 10¹⁴ Hz
E)1.897 $\times$ 10¹⁴ Hz

Answer 2

4.738 $\times$ 10¹⁴ Hz

Question 3

Indicate which one of the following sources produces the highest energy photons.

A)a radio station with $v$ = 106.7 MHz
B)a dentist's X-ray source with $\lambda$ = 100 pm
C)the laser in a CD player with $\lambda$ = 650 nm
D)a microwave oven with $v$ = 6.0 $\times$ 10¹⁰ Hz
E)your cell phone with $v$ = 1.750 GHz

Answer 3

a dentist's X-ray source with $\lambda$ = 100 pm

Question 4

Which of the following lasers emits photons with the highest frequency?

A)a Nd:YAG laser with $\lambda$ = 1064 nm
B)an Ar⁺ laser with $\lambda$ = 514.5 nm
C)a Kr⁺ laser with $\lambda$ = 647 nm
D)an ArF laser with $\lambda$ = 193 nm
E)a He-Ne laser with $\lambda$ = 633 nm

Question 5

Which of the following lasers emits photons with the lowest energy?

A)a Nd:YAG laser with $\lambda$ = 1064 nm
B)an Ar⁺ laser with $\lambda$ = 514.5 nm
C)a Kr⁺ laser with $\lambda$ = 647 nm
D)an ArF laser with $\lambda$ = 193 nm
E)a He-Ne laser with $\lambda$ = 633 nm

Question 6

What is the wavelength ( $\lambda$ ,in m)of a radio station operating at a frequency of 99.6 MHz?

A)3.01 $\times$ 10⁶ m
B)3.01 m
C)3.32 $\times$ 10^-7 m
D)0.332 m
E)3.32 m

Question 7

Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?

A)gamma rays
B)X-rays
C)radio waves
D)infrared
E)visible

Question 8

Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength?

A)gamma rays
B)X-rays
C)visible
D)infrared
E)radio waves

Question 9

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding blackbody radiation,the ultraviolet catastrophe,and Planck's view of electromagnetic radiation?

A)A blackbody radiator does not absorb and emit one wavelength preferentially over another.
B)The emission spectrum of a blackbody radiator depends on its temperature.
C)A blackbody radiator cannot emit an infinite amount of radiation.
D)Planck theorized that real objects can only absorb or emit discrete packets of electromagnetic radiation.
E)The ultraviolet catastrophe disappears if emission spectrum of a blackbody radiator is continuous.

Question 10

Fraunhofer lines are due to __________

A)emission of radiation by atoms.
B)absorption of radiation by atoms.
C)the photoelectric effect.
D)chemical reactions in the sun.
E)nuclear reactions in the sun.

Question 11

As the frequency of electromagnetic radiation decreases,which of the following statements is true?

A)Its wavelength decreases.
B)Its energy decreases.
C)Its speed decreases.
D)Its magnetic field component remains constant.
E)Its electric field component remains constant.

Question 12

Which of the following photons has the highest energy?

A)a photon with $\lambda$ = 1.064 μm
B)a photon with $v$ = 5.83 $\times$ 10¹⁴ Hz
C)a photon with $\lambda$ = 647 nm
D)a photon with $v$ = 1.55 $\times$ 10¹⁵ Hz
E)a photon with $\lambda$ = 633 pm

Question 13

Cesium atomic clocks are based on the emission of microwave radiation at 9,192,631,770 Hz by cesium-133.The wavelength corresponding to this frequency is closest in value to which of the following?

A)300 m
B)3 km
C)300 pm
D)3 cm
E)300 mm

Question 14

The Fraunhofer lines are evidence that __________

A)atoms contain nuclei.
B)atoms contain charged particles.
C)mass is equivalent to energy.
D)atoms absorb light.
E)atoms emit light.

Question 15

Which statement about Rutherford's model of the atom is NOT correct?

A)It detailed the arrangement of the electrons in the atom.
B)It hypothesized that most of the mass of the atom was located in a very small region at the center of the atom called the nucleus.
C)It did not explain the some experimental findings,such as the photoelectric effect and the colors of light emitted by heated objects.
D)It suggested that most of the atom was empty space.
E)It suggested that the positive charge was not spread out over the atom's entire volume but,rather,concentrated in the nucleus.

Question 16

Which statement about electromagnetic radiation is NOT correct?

A)Electromagnetic radiation consists of perpendicular oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
B)Electromagnetic radiation is emitted by all stars.
C)All electromagnetic radiation is visible to the eye.
D)Electromagnetic radiation spans a very wide range of wavelengths,from gamma rays to radio waves.
E)The frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation are inversely proportional to each other.

Question 17

Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the lowest frequency?

A)gamma rays
B)X-rays
C)radio waves
D)infrared
E)visible

Question 18

The speed of light generally decreases when it passes through media other than a vacuum.The speed,v,is approximately c (2.998 $\times$ 10⁸m/s)divided by a quantity called the medium's refractive index, $\eta$ .In which of the following would the frequency of 193 nm light be the lowest? ( $v$ = c/ $\eta$ ; c = $\lambda$$v$ )

A)hydrogen, $\eta$ = 1.0001
B)carbon tetrachloride, $\eta$ = 1.461
C)silicone oil, $\eta$ = 1.520
D)water, $\eta$ = 1.3330
E)diamond, $\eta$ = 2.419

Question 19

In comparing the Fraunhofer lines with light emitted by elements in a flame,Bunsen and Kirchhoff demonstrated that __________

A)atoms emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation at characteristic wavelengths.
B)the solar spectrum is continuous.
C)alkali metals absorb and emit the same wavelengths.
D)nuclear reactions are responsible for the absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation.
E)the sun's composition is changing over time.

Question 20

Suppose a bar code scanner emits light in the visible region of the spectrum at 4.62 $\times$ 10¹⁴ s^-1.What color is the light?

A)red
B)orange
C)yellow
D)green
E)blue

Question 21

Indicate which metal requires the shortest wavelength photons to eject photoelectrons based on the following data and graph.Work functions are in J $\times$ 10^-19.

A)Ta
B)Ti
C)W
D)Si
E)Ag

Question 22

What is the energy (E,in J)of the 488 nm photons emitted by an argon-ion laser?

A)2.46 $\times$ 10¹⁸ J
B)9.69 $\times$ 10^-23 J
C)1.36 $\times$ 10^-36 J
D)4.07 $\times$ 10^-19 J
E)2.46 $\times$ 10^-18 J

Question 23

The work function of sodium is $\phi$ = 2.90 $\times$ 10^-19 J.What is the maximum wavelength that can cause ejection of photoelectrons from a sodium surface?

A)151 nm
B)222 nm
C)45.1 nm
D)451 nm
E)685 nm

Question 24

Based on the following data and graph,which metal will emit the highest energy photoelectron when a 250 nm photon is incident on the metal? Work functions are in J $\times$ 10¹⁹.

A)Ta
B)Ti
C)W
D)Si
E)Ag

Question 25

Indicate which of the following photons can cause emission of photoelectrons from a surface of gallium ( $\phi$ = 6.7 $\times$ 10^-19 J).

A)350 nm
B)400 nm
C)200 nm
D)650 nm
E)500 nm

Question 26

What is the minimum frequency of a photon that can eject a photoelectron from Ba metal? (The work function of barium is $\phi$ = 4.3 $\times$ 10^-19 J.)

A)2.8 $\times$ 10^-52 Hz
B)6.5 $\times$ 10¹⁴ Hz
C)6.5 $\times$ 10⁴ Hz
D)6.5 $\times$ 10¹³ Hz
E)2.8 $\times$ 10¹⁴ Hz

Question 27

The theoretical work of Max Planck on blackbody emission from and the experimental evidence provided with Albert Einstein's studies of the photoelectric effect revolutionized physics because they revealed that __________

A)energy is quantized.
B)electrons can be ejected from metals by visible light.
C)light (electromagnetic radiation)has a wave nature.
D)blackbody radiation is continuous.
E)atomic spectra are discrete.

Question 28

Mercury lamps emit blue light with $\lambda$ = 436 nm.What is the energy of these photons in J?

A)4.56 $\times$ 10^-19 J
B)4.56 $\times$ 10^-28 J
C)1.97 $\times$ 10⁴⁴ J
D)2.19 $\times$ 10¹⁸ J
E)2.19 $\times$ 10^-18 J

Question 29

Which of the following occurs only in discrete (quantized)increments?

A)the speed a car drives on the interstate
B)the altitude that an airplane flies
C)time
D)the level of water in a sink
E)money

Question 30

Light intensity ( I )can be described as the power emitted by a light source (P)over a given area (in m²).Suppose a 100-watt mercury vapor lamp emits 365.4 nm photons equally in all directions.At a distance of 1.450 m,how many photons hit per square meter per second? (1 watt = 1 J/s; I = P/Area = P/4 $\pi$ d ²,where d is the distance)

A)5 $\times$ 10⁷ photons
B)7 $\times$ 10⁹ photons/m² .s
C)9 $\times$ 10¹⁶ photons/m² .s
D)7 $\times$ 10¹⁸ photons/m² .s
E)6 $\times$ 10¹⁹ photons/m² .s

Question 31

Which of the following will lead to an increase in the kinetic energies of photoelectrons emitted when light is incident on a metal surface?

A)increase in the light's wavelength
B)increase in the light's intensity
C)decrease in the light's wavelength
D)decrease in the light's frequency
E)decrease in the light's intensity

Question 32

Sodium lamps emit yellow light with nominal wavelength of 589 nm.What is the energy of these photons in kJ/mol?

A)3.37 $\times$ 10^-9 kJ/mol
B)2.35 $\times$ 10^-7 kJ/mol
C)120 kJ/mol
D)70.5 kJ/mol
E)202 kJ/mol

Question 33

How many times longer is the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation used in a microwave oven at 2.45 GHz than the copper K- $\alpha$ 1 X-ray radiation used in X-ray diffraction studies with an energy of 1.29 $\times$ 10^-15 J?

A)6.29 $\times$ 10⁷ times longer
B)7.54 $\times$ 10⁷ times longer
C)7.92 $\times$ 10⁸ times longer
D)7.95 $\times$ 10¹⁷ times longer
E)1.90 $\times$ 10²⁴ times longer

Question 34

What is the energy (E,in J)of a 6.00 $\times$ 10¹⁰ Hz photon from a microwave oven?

A)3.98 $\times$ 10^-30 J
B)3.98 $\times$ 10^-39 J
C)3.98 $\times$ 10^-23 J
D)3.98 $\times$ 10^-17 J
E)3.98 $\times$ 10^-13 J

Question 35

Which one of the following sources produces the highest energy photons?

A)a doctor's X-ray source
B)a heat lamp in a restaurant
C)a microwave oven
D)gamma rays from a star
E)radio waves from a local station

Question 36

Which of the following metals would be an appropriate choice for the construction of a photon detector for 550 nm light?

A)sodium ( $\phi$ = 4.4 $\times$ 10^-19 J)
B)rubidium ( $\phi$ = 3.5 $\times$ 10^-19J)
C)barium ( $\phi$ = 4.3 $\times$ 10^-19 J)
D)gold ( $\phi$ = 8.2 $\times$ 10^-19 J)
E)platinum ( $\phi$ = 9.1 $\times$ 10^-19 J)

Question 37

If each of the following metals is exposed to light with a wavelength of 240 nm,which will emit photoelectrons with the greatest kinetic energy?

A)iron ( $\phi$ = 7.2 $\times$ 10^-19 J)
B)platinum ( $\phi$ = 9.1 $\times$ 10^-19 J)
C)nickel ( $\phi$ = 8.3 $\times$ 10^-19 J)
D)palladium ( $\phi$ = 8.2 $\times$ 10^-19 J)
E)sodium ( $\phi$ = 4.4 $\times$ 10^-19 J)

Question 38

Which of the following is quantized?

A)the trajectory of a baseball hit from home plate
B)the speed of a Formula 1 race car
C)the diameter of a redwood tree
D)the number of marbles in a bag
E)your age

Question 39

Suppose a blue light emitting photons with λ = 470 nm is rated at 60W (60 J of energy are emitted per second).How many photons are emitted in 5.0 seconds?

A)4.2 $\times$ 10¹⁹ photons
B)7.1 $\times$ 10²⁰ photons
C)1.4 $\times$ 10²⁰ photons
D)2.1 $\times$ 10³⁸ photons
E)1.6 $\times$ 10⁹ photons

Question 40

Which of the following statements is false?

A)As the wavelength of a photon decreases,its energy increases.
B)The speed of a photon decreases as its wavelength decreases.
C)Light can be viewed as packets of energy.
D)As the frequency of a photon decreases,its energy decreases.
E)A high-energy photon has a wavelength shorter than that of a low-energy photon.

Question 41

Which statement regarding atomic emission spectra and the hydrogen atom is incorrect?

A)Electronic transitions in the atom are quantized.
B)Discrete wavelengths of light can be absorbed or emitted by atoms.
C)Atoms can absorb all wavelengths of light but only emit photons of discrete energies.
D)Balmer proved that the hydrogen atom had a wavelike nature.
E)Balmer and Rydberg developed empirical equations to fit experimental data.

Question 42

Atomic spectra are due to the changes in the energy of __________

A)protons.
B)neutrons.
C)nuclei.
D)electrons.
E)electromagnetic radiation.

Question 43

What is the change in energy of the hydrogen atom when it undergoes an electronic transition from n_initial = 5 to n_final = 2?

A)2.09 $\times$ 10^-18 J
B)4.57 $\times$ 10^-19 J
C)1.55 $\times$ 10^-19 J
D)4.90 $\times$ 10^-20 J
E)1.55 $\times$ 10^-20 J

Question 44

Which transition in a hydrogen atom involves the largest change in energy?

A)n₁ = 2 to n₂ = 3
B)n₁ = 3 to n₂ = 4
C)n₁ = 1 to n₂ = 3
D)n₁ = 1 to n₂ = 2
E)n₁ = 9 to n₂ = 10

Question 45

Which of the following statements regarding the Bohr model of the atom is NOT correct?

A)Changes in the energy of the atom involve the electron transitioning between allowed orbits.
B)The atom has discrete energy levels described by a quantum number,n.
C)The electron does not radiate energy and spiral into the nucleus if it is in an allowed orbit.
D)The atom has zero energy when in its ground state.
E)The energy of an orbit is inversely proportional to n².

Question 46

What is the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted from a sodium surface ( $\phi$ = 2.9 $\times$ 10^-19 J)when it is irradiated by photons with a wavelength of 350 nm?

A)2.9 $\times$ 10^-19 J
B)5.7 $\times$ 10^-19 J
C)0 J
D)2.8 $\times$ 10^-19 J
E)3.6 $\times$ 10^-19 J

Question 47

A hydrogen atom is excited to n_initial = 8.A 955 nm photon is emitted as the electron falls to n_final = __________.

A)6
B)5
C)4
D)3
E)2

Question 48

What is the longest wavelength of light emitted by an excited hydrogen atom when n_final = 1?

A)91.16 nm
B)121.5 nm
C)273.5 nm
D)364.6 nm
E)656.2 nm

Question 49

Work function values are often given in electron volts (1 eV = 1.602 $\times$ 10^-19J).You create an oxide material that has a work function of 6.10 eV.How many electrons would be emitted from the material per second when it is irradiated by the 172 nm light of a 55.0 watt xenon excimer lamp,and what is their kinetic energy? Assume all of the incident photons cause electron emission.

A)none; 172 nm is not energetic enough
B)8.70 $\times$ 10¹⁷ electrons; 8.70 $\times$ 10^-19 J
C)4.78 $\times$ 10¹⁹ electrons; 1.73 $\times$ 10^-19 J
D)5.5 $\times$ 10¹⁷ electrons; 5.40 $\times$ 10^-17 J
E)1.86 $\times$ 10¹⁶ electrons; 5.37 $\times$ 10^-17 J

Question 50

The energy change for an electronic transition in a one-electron atom or ion (H,He⁺,Li²⁺,etc.)from n_initial to n_final is given by ,where Z is the atomic number. Which one of the following species will have the longest wavelength emission line for the transition between the n_initial = 2 and n_final = 1 levels?

A)H
B)He⁺
C)Li²⁺
D)Be³⁺
E)B⁴⁺

Question 51

Which of the following transitions emits the longest wavelength photon?

A)n₁ = 14 to n₂ = 13
B)n₁ = 6 to n₂ = 4
C)n₁ = 4 to n₂ = 3
D)n₁ = 7 to n₂ = 5
E)n₁ = 4 to n₂ = 2

Question 52

What is the shortest wavelength of light emitted by an excited hydrogen atom when n_final = 2?

A)91.16 nm
B)121.5 nm
C)273.5 nm
D)364.6 nm
E)656.3 nm

Question 53

You think you have identified a new type of atom based on its atomic emission spectrum.Based on empirical data,it appears as though the energy levels of the atom are inversely proportional to n²,like hydrogen.When an electron falls from n_initial = 5 to n_final = 2,a 1.4 $\times$ 10^-18 J photon is emitted.What is the value of the Rydberg constant for this atom?

A)6.7 $\times$ 10^-18 J
B)4.7 $\times$ 10^-18 J
C)4.2 $\times$ 10^-18 J
D)1.5 $\times$ 10¹⁷ J
E)2.1 $\times$ 10¹⁷ J

Question 54

How much energy would be required to excited one mole of hydrogen atoms from their ground state to n₂ = 10?

A)1.3 $\times$ 10³ J/mol
B)1.3 $\times$ 10⁶ J/mol
C)2.2 $\times$ 10³ J/mol
D)2.2 $\times$ 10⁶ J/mol
E)9.2 $\times$ 10² J

Question 55

Electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 8.6 $\times$ 10¹⁴ Hz incident on an unknown metal surface causes ejection of photoelectrons with kinetic energies of 1.3 $\times$ 10^-19 J.What is the unknown metal?

A)rubidium ( $\phi$ = 3.5 $\times$ 10^-19 J)
B)gold ( $\phi$ = 8.2 $\times$ 10^-19 J)
C)nickel ( $\phi$ = 8.3 $\times$ 10^-19 J)
D)sodium ( $\phi$ = 4.4 $\times$ 10^-19 J)
E)platinum ( $\phi$ = 9.1 $\times$ 10^-19 J)

Question 56

Which of the transitions in the hydrogen atom energy-level diagram shown here is not possible?

A)all are possible
B)a
C)b
D)c
E)d

Question 57

Determine the wavelength of the line in the hydrogen atomic emission spectrum corresponding to the n_initial = 4 to n_final = 3 transition.

A)1094 nm
B)1875 nm
C)656 nm
D)335 nm
E)109 nm

Question 58

What wavelength of light is required to cause the ejection of photoelectrons with kinetic energies of 5.0 $\times$ 10^-20 J from a calcium surface ( $\phi$ = 4.60 $\times$ 10^-19 J)?

A)485 nm
B)390 nm
C)308 nm
D)632 nm
E)480 nm

Question 59

Which transition in a hydrogen atom will cause emission of the shortest wavelength photon?

A)n_initial = 5 to n_final = 3
B)n_initial = 4 to n_final = 3
C)n_initial = 4 to n_final = 2
D)n_initial = 3 to n_final = 2
E)n_initial = 3 to n_final = 1

Question 60

What is the difference in energy between the two electronic levels in hydrogen that are responsible for the emission line in the observed at 1282 nm,and to which series does this line belong?

A)1.55 $\times$ 10^-19 J,Balmer
B)1.05 $\times$ 10^-19 J,Paschen
C)1.55 $\times$ 10^-19 J,Paschen
D)1.82 $\times$ 10^-19 J,Balmer
E)1.82 $\times$ 10^-19 J,Lyman

Question 61

The energy of a one-electron atom or ion is given by ,where Z is the atomic number of the element.Which of the following one-electron ions would require the most energy to remove its electron?

A)Li²⁺
B)Be³⁺
C)He⁺
D)B⁴⁺
E)C⁵⁺

Question 62

An electron __________ will have the smallest de Broglie wavelength.

A)moving at 220 m/s
B)moving at 20 mi/hr
C)moving at 3600 km/s
D)moving at 25% the speed of light
E)moving at 2.998 $\times$ 10⁸ km/hr

Question 63

What is the velocity of an oxygen molecule if its de Broglie wavelength is 26 pm? (1 amu = 1.66054 $\times$ 10^-27 kg)

A)46 m/s
B)960 m/s
C)790 m/s
D)390 m/s
E)480 m/s

Question 64

The energy change for an electronic transition in a one-electron atom or ion (H,He⁺,Li²⁺,etc.)from n_initial to n_final is given by ,where Z is the atomic number. How much energy is required to ionize a ground-state He⁺ ion (n_final = $\infty$ )?

A)2.18 $\times$ 10^-18 J
B)4.36 $\times$ 10^-18 J
C)8.72 $\times$ 10^-18 J
D)1.09 $\times$ 10^-18 J
E)5.45 $\times$ 10^-19 J

Question 65

What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron (9.11 $\times$ 10^-31 kg)traveling at 95% of the speed of light?

A)2.6 fm
B)2.6 pm
C)240 pm
D)24 fm
E)2.4 pm

Question 66

Which of the following statements regarding the energy of a particle is NOT correct?

A)The ground state of a particle is the lowest and most stable energy state.
B)The energy of a particle is zero when it is in its ground state.
C)An excited state is any energy state above the ground state.
D)When the particle undergoes a transition from a higher energy state to a lower one,energy is emitted.
E)The energy state of a particle increases when it absorbs a photon.

Question 67

Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron (9.11 $\times$ 10^-31 kg)when the distance it travels in one second is equal to its wavelength.

A)22.9 mm
B)37.0 m
C)1.38 km
D)2.70 cm
E)0.727 mm

Question 68

If the electron (9.11 $\times$ 10^-31 kg)in the hydrogen atom is traveling at about 2.2 $\times$ 10⁶ m/s ± 5%,what is the uncertainty in electron's position?

A)±58 μm
B)±220 nm
C)±130 pm
D)±260 pm
E)±5.2 fm

Question 69

What is the de Broglie wavelength of a fast neutron (1.6749 $\times$ 10^-27 kg)traveling at 14,000 km/s?

A)53 fm
B)5.3 pm
C)28 pm
D)28 fm
E)25 m/s

Question 70

What is the approximate total uncertainty in the velocity of an electron (9.11 $\times$ 10^-31 kg)confined within a gold atom whose diameter is about 270 pm? The uncertainty in the position of the electron is ±5.0% of the atom's diameter.

A)±1.4 $\times$ 10³ m/s
B)±2.1 $\times$ 10⁵ m/s
C)±3.7 $\times$ 10⁵ m/s
D)±2.1 $\times$ 10⁶ m/s
E)±4.3 $\times$ 10⁶ m/s

Question 71

Which of the following objects,all moving at the same speed,will have the longest de Broglie wavelength?

A)a proton
B)an electron
C)a baseball
D)a neon atom
E)a neutron

Question 72

De Broglie reasoned that for the electron in the hydrogen atom to behave as a stable circular wave,the circumference of the electron's orbit must be __________

A)equal to the wavelength of the electron.
B)an integer multiple of the electron's wavelength.
C)a half-integer multiple of the electron's wavelength.
D)twice the wavelength of the electron.
E)twice the diameter of the orbit.

Question 73

What is the speed of an average argon atom that has a de Broglie wavelength of 5.2 pm? (1 amu = 1.66054 $\times$ 10^-27 kg)

A)0.52 m/s
B)5.2 $\times$ 10³ m/s
C)1.9 $\times$ 10³ m/s
D)1.9 m/s
E)25 m/s

Question 74

What is the approximate uncertainty in the position of a proton (1.673 $\times$ 10^-27 kg)in a particle accelerator if its velocity is known to about ±2.5 m/s (total uncertainty is 5.0 m/s)?

A)±6.4 $\times$ 10^-9 m
B)±3.2 $\times$ 10^-9 m
C)±1.3 $\times$ 10^-9 m
D)±3.2 $\times$ 10^-8 m
E)±6.4 $\times$ 10^-10 m

Question 75

The absorption and emission spectra of an atom and its ion(s)are different.This is evidence that the spectra observed are due to energy changes associated with the __________

A)electrons.
B)protons.
C)neutrons.
D)nuclei.
E)electromagnetic interactions.

Question 76

According to de Broglie's explanation of matter waves,if the circumference of the electron's orbit in the hydrogen atom is twice the electron's wavelength,the orbit will __________

A)decay until the electron falls into the nucleus.
B)diverge,allowing the electron to escape.
C)be stable.
D)cause the electron to emit a photon.
E)not be circular.

Question 77

The de Broglie wavelength of buckyballs (buckminsterfullerene,C₆₀)has been observed experimentally.If a C₆₀ molecule (1.20 $\times$ 10^-24 kg)has a velocity of 220 m/s,what is its de Broglie wavelength?

A)2.52 pm
B)2.52 fm
C)2.52 m
D)1.20 pm
E)5.22 m

Question 78

The emission spectra of Na and Na⁺ are different because __________

A)Na⁺ has fewer electrons.
B)Na has fewer electrons.
C)Na⁺ has more protons.
D)Na has fewer neutrons.
E)Na has more protons.

Question 79

How many times longer is the de Broglie wavelength of a helium atom (6.647 $\times$ 10^-27kg)moving at 220 m/s than that of a baseball (0.145 kg)moving at 35 m/s?

A)3.5 $\times$ 10²⁴
B)2.2 $\times$ 10²⁵
C)9.5 $\times$ 10³³
D)1.5 $\times$ 10⁹
E)3.7 $\times$ 10³⁴

Question 80

The de Broglie wavelength of a particle traveling at 1% of the speed of light is 33.25 fm.Identify the particle from the following.(1 amu = 1.66054 $\times$ 10^-27 kg)

A)a proton (1.00727 amu)
B)a neutron (1.00866 amu)
C)an electron (0.0005486 amu)
D)a hydrogen atom
E)a helium atom