Deck 7: Nicotine

Question 1

Which of the following describes the relationship between smoking prevalence and employment status?

A)current smoking prevalence for those over 18 is higher among individuals who are unemployed
B)current smoking prevalence for those over 18 is lower among individuals who are unemployed
C)differences in smoking status between the unemployed and the employed are only evident in males
D)there is no relationship

Answer 1

A

Question 2

How do most smokers quit?

A)on their own
B)with the aid of their doctor
C)using self-help groups
D)using group-therapy

Answer 2

A

Question 3

How many of the 60 species of the genus Nicotiani can be used for human consumption?

A)2
B)7
C)15
D)28

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which racial/ethnic group has the highest rate of smoking for those over 26 years old?

A)Whites
B)Blacks
C)Hispanics
D)there are no ethnic differences

Question 5

Overall,the prevalence of current smokers has __________ since 1965.

A)decreased
B)increased
C)remained constant
D)declined for women,but increased for men

Question 6

All of the tobaccos consumed in the U.S.come from the __________ plant.

A)Nicotiana rustica
B)Nicotiana papyra
C)Nicotiana tabacum
D)None of these

Question 7

Who was nicotine named after?

A)the explorer who discovered tobacco in North America
B)the French ambassador to Portugal
C)the man who invented the cigarette
D)the scientist who first isolated nicotine

Question 8

In the early years after the Europeans were first introduced to tobacco use,which country held a monopoly on the world market?

A)England
B)France
C)Portugal
D)Spain

Question 9

The main reason humans consume tobacco is for its __________ content.

A)tar
B)nicotine
C)caffeine
D)carbon monoxide

Question 10

How is snuff most commonly taken in Europe?

A)chewing
B)dipping
C)smoking
D)sniffing

Question 11

What can be concluded from the 2004 national survey on the initiation of smoking among 12-17 year olds?

A)the rate of smoking initiation decreased in the 1990's
B)the rate of smoking initiation increased in the first half of the 1990's,but decreased in the second half
C)the rate of smoking initiation decreased in the first half of the 1990's,but increased in the second half
D)the rate of smoking initiation held steady through the 1990's

Question 12

__________ smoking is the most toxic way to smoke tobacco.

A)Cigar
B)Pipe
C)Cigarette
D)cigar or pipe

Question 13

When was the peak of smoking among Americans?

A)1860
B)1918
C)1945
D)1963
E)smoking is currently at its most prevalent

Question 14

Tobacco was thought to have medical value for about __________ years.

A)150
B)200
C)350
D)500

Question 15

Which of the following anti-smoking efforts was successful?

A)the papal bulls issued by Popes Urban VIII and Innocent X
B)the efforts of Sultan Marad IV in 1633
C)the smoking prohibition by the Russian czar in 1634
D)the Japanese edict of 1603
E)none of these

Question 16

The highest rates of current cigarette use are among _________.

A)14-17 year olds
B)18-25 year olds
C)26-40 year olds
D)those over 40 years old

Question 17

Most smokers who quit,do so _________.

A)with the help of individual therapy
B)with the help of group therapy
C)with the help of self-help groups
D)on their own

Question 18

Which of the following is true of nicotine?

A)it is the constituent of tobacco that has the most immediate pharmacological action
B)it is about as toxic as cyanide
C)when tobacco is burned,the smoke has a small portion of nicotine
D)all of these

Question 19

The concept of tobacco as therapeutic agent took a serious blow when Posselt and Reimann __________.

A)isolated nicotine
B)died from tobacco treatment
C)were cited for malpractice
D)published The Evil Weed

Question 20

Nicotiana tabacum is indigenous to __________.

A)the United States
B)Spain
C)Africa
D)South America

Question 21

The most frequently reported nicotine withdrawal symptom is __________.

A)insomnia
B)anxiety
C)irritability
D)nicotine craving

Question 22

How long does it take to develop the first signs of nicotine tolerance?

A)the first time smoking
B)after one week of smoking regularly
C)after one month of smoking regularly
D)tolerance to nicotine does not develop

Question 23

In __________,the U.S.Surgeon General officially determined that physical dependence develops to nicotine.

A)1893
B)1935
C)1964
D)1988

Question 24

Nicotine has been shown to have __________ effects.

A)tranquilizing
B)stimulating
C)both tranquilizing and stimulating
D)none of these

Question 25

Which of the following is the most efficient way to get a dose of nicotine?

A)cigarette smoking
B)pipe smoking
C)using snuff intranasally
D)using chewing tobacco
E)cigarette or pipe smoking

Question 26

High levels of nicotine are maintained longer when tobacco is taken in the form of __________.

A)snuff
B)chewing tobacco
C)cigarettes
D)all of these are equal
E)snuff or chewing tobacco

Question 27

About __________ American smokers suffer premature deaths every year.

A)10,000
B)75,000
C)180,000
D)430,000

Question 28

The distribution half-life of nicotine is __________.

A)1-10 minutes
B)10-20 minutes
C)25-50 minutes
D)2 hours

Question 29

Nicotine has __________-like effects.

A)dopamine
B)serotonin
C)acetylcholine
D)norepinephrine

Question 30

The major organ(s)responsible for metabolizing nicotine is (are)the __________.

A)liver
B)kidneys
C)lungs
D)pancreas

Question 31

A "hookah" is a ___________.

A)hollowed-out cigar filled with marijuana and nicotine
B)new type of smokeless tobacco
C)water pipe
D)tobacco substitute used in treatment

Question 32

Nicotine is most readily absorbed from the __________.

A)skin
B)lungs
C)nasal mucosa
D)gastrointestinal tract

Question 33

_________ is the largest cigarette producer in the world.

A)the United States
B)China
C)France
D)Brazil

Question 34

_______% of people who die from smoking-related causes in the U.S.began smoking as adolescents.

A)25
B)50
C)75
D)90

Question 35

Which of the following is not an acute pharmacological effect of nicotine?

A)increased behavioral activity
B)increased muscle tone
C)tremors
D)enhanced memory

Question 36

__________ facilitates many disease processes associated with smoking because of its advantage over oxygen in binding to hemoglobin.

A)Carbon monoxide
B)Tar
C)Nicotine
D)Carbon dioxide

Question 37

Where has the prevalence of smoking increased in recent years?

A)the United States
B)Western Europe
C)the developing countries of Asia
D)all of these
E)Western Europe and the developing countries of Asia

Question 38

Nicotine is eliminated from the body primarily in ________.

A)exhaled smoke
B)feces
C)urine
D)sweat

Question 39

What accounts for the calming effects of nicotine use?

A)it relaxes skeletal muscles
B)its biphasic action-at higher doses,its effects are more depressant
C)the individual's beliefs about nicotine's effects
D)all of these

Question 40

The group most likely to use moist snuff are __________.

A)young females
B)young males
C)adult men who earn less than $5,000/year
D)psychiatric outpatients

Question 41

Research on the use of nicotine replacement therapies leads to the conclusion that _________.

A)there are no demonstrable differences in effectiveness between different nicotine replacement therapies
B)they are only slightly more effective than placebos
C)there may be significant long-term consequences to their use
D)pairing them with behavioral therapies does little to enhance treatment effectiveness

Question 42

Recent animal research suggests a major reason why smoking tends to begin in adolescence is that teens' brains are more susceptible to the rewarding effects of nicotine than are the brains of older individuals.

Question 43

The use of tobacco as a medical agent ended near the time of the U.S.Civil War.

Question 44

In the late 15th century,Columbus introduced tobacco to the Indians.

Question 45

__________ of all lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking.

A)10-20%
B)30-40%
C)60-70%
D)80-90%

Question 46

___________ is a disease in which the lung's air spaces are abnormally diluted and the lungs walls are distended.

A)glaucoma
B)bronchitis
C)lung cancer
D)emphysema

Question 47

At higher doses,nicotine's effects tend to be more depressant than stimulatory.

Question 48

Six of every seven pounds of tobacco grown in the U.S.are used for cigarettes.

Question 49

The major way that nicotine is excreted from the body is through sweat.

Question 50

Most of the cancer-causing substances in smoke are in __________.

A)carbon monoxide
B)tar
C)nicotine
D)carbon dioxide

Question 51

The Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act,which required warning labels to be placed on cigarette packages,originally took effect in __________.

A)1925
B)1952
C)1966
D)1973

Question 52

The rate of cure during a given time period without formal treatment is known as __________.

A)withdrawal
B)self-cure
C)spontaneous remission
D)relapse

Question 53

A two-pack-a-day smoker averages 300 nicotine reinforcements a day.

Question 54

The focus of the harm reduction approach to nicotine dependence is to _________.

A)eliminate nicotine use entirely
B)reduce smoking to a standardized "healthy level"
C)eliminate or reduce the negative consequences of nicotine use
D)encourage smokers to switch to healthier methods of nicotine use,such as nicotine gum

Question 55

________ is a Swedish smokeless tobacco product that has been successfully marketed as a "harm reduction product."

A)The electronic cigarette
B)The blunt
C)Snus
D)Omni

Question 56

When a smoker returns to smoking after having abstained for some amount of time,he or she has experienced ___________.

A)withdrawal
B)a rebound
C)a relapse
D)spontaneous remission

Question 57

_________ is a drug developed specifically for the treatment of smoking and works by competing with nicotine in binding to nicotine receptors in the brain.

A)Varenicline
B)Bupropion
C)Fluoxetine
D)Nicorette

Question 58

Adolescent boys are more likely to smoke than adolescent girls.

Question 59

What has been the outcome of lawsuits filed against tobacco companies for harm caused by cigarette smoking?

A)lawsuits filed by individuals and families have been more successful than class-action lawsuits
B)class-action lawsuits have been more successful than lawsuits filed by individuals and families
C)lawsuits filed by individuals and families and class-action lawsuits have both been largely successful
D)neither class-action lawsuits nor those filed by individuals and families have been successful

Question 60

Which of the following is not true of behavioral programs for smoking cessation?

A)one of the key components is the identification of high-risk situations
B)they may not involve direct contact with professional staff
C)they have been shown to be an effective way to stop smoking
D)treatment lasts four to six months on average

Question 61

The nicotine patch appears to be much more effective than nicotine gum.

Question 62

"Controlled" smoking is one popular and effective option in smoking treatment programs.

Question 63

Lung cancer is the leading major cancer-related cause of death among women.

Question 64

Passive smoking,inhaling the smoke of others who are smoking,is the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States.

Question 65

A problem with nicotine gum is that many patients become dependent on it.

Question 66

The harm reduction approach to reducing cigarette smoking is now the most widely accepted approach in the U.S.

Question 67

Smokers tend to weigh more than nonsmokers.

Question 68

Research has demonstrated that the decreased tar and nicotine contained in today's cigarette brands has resulted in decreased tar and nicotine consumption by smokers.