Deck 5: Victims Contributions to the Crime Problem

Question 1

In accounting for repeat victimizations, the term _____ focuses on the offender.

A) penal couple
B) duet frame of reference
C) boost explanation
D) flag explanation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A(n) _____ would not be considered a victim of murder.

A) bank robber killed by bank guard
B) offender killed by use of excessive force by police
C) passerby hit by police gun fire
D) owner killed during a robbery

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Arguments that the victims of a crime might share responsibility with their offenders for what happened due to facilitation, precipitation, and provocation have been characterized as:

A) a just world outlook
B) victim defending
C) victim blaming
D) offender blaming

Answer 3

C

Question 4

_____ resists any attempt to shift the burden of full responsibility off of lawbreakers' backs and onto the victims' shoulders.

A) The just world outlook
B) Offender defending
C) Victim blaming
D) Offender blaming

Question 5

Responsibility for one's conduct is a changing concept. Its interpretation can be influenced by:

A) social conditions
B) political conditions
C) cultural conditions
D) all of these
E)

Question 6

In accounting for repeat victimizations, the term _____ emphasizes the vulnerability and attractiveness of the target.

A) penal couple
B) duet frame of reference
C) boost explanation
D) flag explanation

Question 7

_____ proceeds from the assumption that sometimes the victim bears some responsibility for the crime.

A) The just world outlook
B) Victim defending
C) Victim blaming
D) Offender blaming

Question 8

The _____ of the head of the household is the most important determinant of whether or not someone is likely to facilitate a burglary.

A) socio-economic status
B) race
C) age
D) gender

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of a 'Technique of Neutralization'?

A) "That guy was asking for it!"
B) "They are a bunch of crooks themselves!"
C) "We should get a medal for this!"
D) "That person did not deserve this!"

Question 10

Auto theft and burglary are the property crimes most often cited by victimologists who study the problem of _____

A) provocation
B) precipitation
C) facilitation
D) curiosity

Question 11

_____ challenges whether it is accurate and fair to try to hold the wounded party accountable to some degree for his or her own injuries or losses.

A) The just world outlook
B) Victim defending
C) Victim
D) Offender blaming

Question 12

The belief that people get what they deserve is called _____.

A) the just world outlook
B) victim defending
C) victim blaming
D) offender blaming

Question 13

_____ has been applied when those who get killed play contributory roles in their deaths by exercising poor judgment, taking excessive risks, or pursuing a self-destructive lifestyle.

A) Provocation
B) Boost explanation
C) Facilitation
D) Subintentional death

Question 14

A _____ is a classification scheme that aids in the understanding of what a group has in common and how it differs from others.

A) typology
B) trend
C) rate
D) profile

Question 15

The term _____ refers to those situations in which victims carelessly and unknowingly make it easier for a criminal to commit a theft.

A) provocation
B) precipitation
C) facilitation
D) curiosity

Question 16

The NCVS keeps track of categories of burglaries, including _____.

A) unlawful entries
B) attempted forcible entries
C) forcible entries
D) all of these

Question 17

The idea of _____ is applied to those cases in which the person who was killed had been the first to use force by drawing a weapon, striking the first physical blow during an argument, or in some way initiating violence to settle a dispute.

A) provocation
B) precipitation
C) facilitation
D) penal couple

Question 18

_____ implies that the loser is more responsible than the victor for the victimization that occurred.

A) Provocation
B) Precipitation
C) Facilitation
D) Penalization

Question 19

According to _____, neither the offender nor the victim is the real culprit.

A) the just world outlook
B) system blaming
C) victim blaming
D) offender blaming

Question 20

By definition, victim-facilitated burglaries are not break-ins but acts of _____.

A) robbery
B) trespass
C) criminal mischief
D) vandalism

Question 21

The first in-depth investigation of what was deemed to be victim precipitation centered on homicide.

Question 22

Steal-to-sell operations alter the registration and title documents and vehicle identification number in what is called jiggling.

Question 23

The term facilitation refers to those situations in which victims carelessly and unknowingly make it easier for a criminal to commit a theft.

Question 24

One theory explaining why some groups suffer higher victimization rates than others calls attention to exact locations rather than the general lifestyle of particular individuals and is known as the _____ factor

A) risky lifestyles
B) deviant place factor
C) equivalent groups
D) social ecology

Question 25

The equivalent group explanation holds that crime prevention rests upon interventions that are designed to block criminal opportunities from developing in a particular time and place.

Question 26

The term subintentional death has been applied to situations in which victims played a contributory role in their own demise.

Question 27

Out of 36 million alarm activations across the country responded to by the police, about 95% were false alarms.

Question 28

Making an offender's task more difficult through threat assessment and advanced planning is known as _____.

A) conscientious resistance
B) conventional caution
C) careless facilitation
D) crime resistance

Question 29

According to the _____, the number of offenses committed will not drop when targets are hardened because criminal activity simply will be displaced.

A) typology of crime facilitation
B) valve theory of crime shifts
C) carelessly facilitating victims theory
D) theory of precipitative initiators

Question 30

The idea of shared responsibility suggests that there is a possible explanation for why a particular person was a crime victim.

Question 31

Provocation accuses the loser of being more responsible than the victor for fight that occurs.

Question 32

Auto theft and burglary are the property crimes most often cited by victimologists who study the problem of provocation.

Question 33

Arguments that the victims of a crime might share responsibility with their offenders for what happened due to facilitation, precipitation, and provocation have been characterized as victim blaming.

Question 34

_______ bear no responsibility because they tried to protect themselves by scrupulously following crime prevention tips suggested by security specialists to protect personal data.

A) Conscientiously resisting victims
B) Conventionally cautious victims
C) Carelessly facilitating victims
D) Precipitative initiators

Question 35

Installing surveillance cameras is an example of victimization prevention.

Question 36

Minimizing the chances of being harmed when exposure is unavoidable is known as _____.

A) situational crime prevention
B) crime control
C) facilitation
D) risk management

Question 37

Avoidance strategies are actions people take to limit personal exposure to dangerous people and frightening situations.

Question 38

Being a defensive driver is example of becoming crime conscious.

Question 39

In accounting for repeat victimizations, the theory of boost explanation focuses on the offender.

Question 40

_____ are operations that dismantle stolen cars and sell the parts as if they came from legitimate salvage and recycling pipelines.

A) Theft rings
B) Chop shops
C) Pawn shops
D) All of these

Question 41

The victim blaming process starts when an assumption is made that there is something wrong with the victim.

Question 42

Vulnerability refers to a target's ability to resist and repel an attack.

Question 43

Victim defenders challenge whether it is accurate and fair to try to hold the wounded party accountable in any degree for his or her own injuries or losses.

Question 44

The notions of victim facilitation, precipitation, and provocation have been derived from the broader theme of shared responsibility. Outline and discuss each of these concepts. Compare and contrast them.

Question 45

Arguments that the victims of crime might share responsibility with their offenders are common in victimology. Outline and discuss the concepts of victim blaming and victim defending.

Question 46

Offender blaming resists any attempt to shift the burden of full responsibility off of lawbreakers' backs and onto the victims' shoulders.

Question 47

Conscientiously resisting victims bear no responsibility because they tried to protect themselves by scrupulously following crime prevention tips suggested by security specialists and by purchasing anti-theft devices.

Question 48

Locking the car doors, activating an alarm, and parking in a well-monitored area are examples of target hardening.

Question 49

Using the typologies of different kinds of victims of burglary to illustrate the differences between complete innocence, facilitation, precipitation, provocation, and full responsibility.

Question 50

Why are some individuals chronically victimized? How does this tie into the concept of shared responsibility?

Question 51

Assume a scenario where a husband has a long history of physical abuse toward his wife and children. The wife's order of protection and previous complaints to the police have not stopped the abuse. One night, the wife shoots the husband in his sleep. Examine this scenario from the perspectives of "victim blaming," "victim defending," and "system blaming."