Question 1

Which of the following is a sign of a myasthenic crisis?&#10;A) Sudden drop in blood pressure&#10;B) Vomiting&#10;C) Inability to swallow or speak&#10;D) Diarrhea

Accepted Answer

Inability to swallow or speak is a sign of a myasthenic crisis. This is due to weakness in the muscles responsible for these functions caused by the underlying condition myasthenia gravis. While the other options (sudden drop in blood pressure, vomiting, diarrhea) may also occur in a myasthenic crisis, they are not specific signs and can occur in many other conditions as well.

Question 2

An intensified reaction to cold that elicits numbness and discoloration in the fingers and toes describes&#10;A) Fibrosis&#10;B) Raynaud phenomenon&#10;C) Wickham striae&#10;D) Erythema multiforme&#10;

Accepted Answer

Raynaud phenomenon is a vascular disorder characterized by an exaggerated response to cold or emotional stress that causes vasoconstriction of the extremities, resulting in numbness, discoloration, and pain, particularly in the fingers and toes. Fibrosis is the formation of excessive fibrous tissue, Wickham striae are fine, lace-like white lines often seen in cases of lichen planus, and Erythema multiforme is a hypersensitivity reaction that results in characteristic skin lesions.

Question 3

All individuals are born with defense mechanisms that comprise the innate immune system.Examples include which of the following? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Mechanical barriers (skin and mucous membranes)&#10;B) Physicochemical barriers (acidity of stomach fluid)&#10;C) Antibacterial substances present in external secretions (lysozyme)&#10;D) Normal movement of intestinal contents

Accepted Answer

All the options listed are examples of innate immune system components. The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens and includes mechanical barriers like skin and mucous membranes (A), physicochemical barriers such as the acidity of stomach fluid (B), antibacterial substances like lysozyme found in external secretions (C), and the normal movement of intestinal contents (D) which helps to prevent the settlement of harmful bacteria.

Question 4

Mononuclear phagocytes are known as monocytes when they are circulating in the blood.After monocytes migrate into the tissues they are referred to as macrophages.&#10;A) Both statements are true.&#10;B) Both statements are false.&#10;C) The first statement is true; the second is false.&#10;D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Accepted Answer

This is because monocytes are circulating in the blood while macrophages are found in tissues after monocytes migrate.

Question 5

Sometimes there are missing or dysfunctional components of the immune system.This usually leads to increased susceptibility to infection.This state of immune dysfunction is termed immunodeficiency.Immunodeficiency can be caused by which of the following? Select all that apply.

A) Genetic mutation
B) Pathogens
C) Xerostomia

Accepted Answer

Immunodeficiency can be caused by genetic mutations that affect the immune system's ability to function properly, as well as by pathogens that overwhelm or weaken the immune system's responses. Xerostomia, or dry mouth, typically does not directly cause immunodeficiency.

Question 6

Wickham striae is an oral lesion found in&#10;A) Erythema multiforme&#10;B) Lichen planus&#10;C) Systemic lupus erythematosus&#10;D) Adrenal insufficiency

Accepted Answer

Wickham striae are characteristic white, lacy patterns found on the mucous membranes and are a hallmark sign of lichen planus.

Question 7

Which cells are responsible for producing antibodies?&#10;A) B memory cells&#10;B) Helper T cells&#10;C) Plasma cells&#10;D) Immunoglobulins

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells are responsible for producing antibodies. B memory cells play a role in recognizing and remembering specific pathogens for future immune responses, helper T cells assist in activating and coordinating immune responses, and immunoglobulins are specialized proteins produced by plasma cells that make up the structure of antibodies.

Question 8

All of the following diseases are autoimmune in nature EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?&#10;A) Erythema multiforme&#10;B) Myasthenia gravis&#10;C) Systemic lupus erythematosus&#10;D) Rheumatoid arthritis

Accepted Answer

Erythema multiforme is not considered an autoimmune disease because it is typically triggered by infections, medications, or other external factors and does not involve the immune system attacking the body's own tissues. The other three diseases listed (Myasthenia gravis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, and Rheumatoid arthritis) are all characterized by autoimmune reactions.

Question 9

The human immune system has the ability to remember previous encounters with antigens,which enables the immune system to respond very quickly to a subsequent infection.This ability is called&#10;A) Immunological memory&#10;B) Immunological resistance&#10;C) Immune response&#10;D) Autoimmune therapy

Accepted Answer

Immunological memory refers to the ability of the immune system to remember previous encounters with antigens, which allows for a quick and efficient response to subsequent infections. Immunological resistance and immune response are related concepts, but they do not specifically refer to the ability to remember previous encounters with antigens. Autoimmune therapy is a treatment for autoimmune diseases, which does not relate to the concept of immunological memory.

Question 10

_____are a large group of small proteins that guide white blood cells to sites where they are needed._______are proteins made by cells that affect the behavior of other cells-in essence they are controlling cells that help mediate the immune response.

A) Chemokines; Immunoglobulins
B) Chemokines; Cytokines
C) Cytokines; Immunoglobulins
D) Neutrophils; Immunoglobulins

Accepted Answer

Chemokines are a large group of small proteins that guide white blood cells to sites where they are needed. Cytokines are proteins made by cells that affect the behavior of other cells, in essence, controlling cells that help mediate the immune response. Immunoglobulins, on the other hand, are antibodies produced by B cells in response to foreign antigens. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that play a role in the body's response to infection and inflammation but are not proteins that guide or control immune response.

Question 11

Self vs.nonself is the concept around which the immune system function revolves.The major histocompatibility complex is a group of identifying molecules on cells that allows the immune system to determine whether a substance is self or nonself.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Self vs.nonself is the concept around which...

Question 12

Which cell type develops from the stem cells located in bone marrow but matures in the thymus?&#10;A) B cell&#10;B) C cell&#10;C) Red blood cell&#10;D) T cell

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which cell type develops from the stem...

Question 13

The human immune system serves as an offensive system.The system does this by protecting the host from invasion of foreign substances and potential pathogens such as bacteria,viruses,toxins,parasites,and transplanted tissues.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The human immune system serves as an...

Question 14

Excess amounts of collagen deposition leading to fibrosis of the fingers,hands,and skin around the mouth is characteristic of which of the following diseases?&#10;A) Rheumatoid arthritis&#10;B) Myasthenia gravis&#10;C) Lichen planus&#10;D) Scleroderma

Accepted Answer

The answer of Excess amounts of collagen deposition leading to...

Question 15

Substances that the immune system identifies as nonself are known as&#10;A) Antibodies&#10;B) Antigens&#10;C) Responders&#10;D) Trackers

Accepted Answer

The answer of Substances that the immune system identifies as...

Question 16

Dry mouth and dry eyes are hallmark symptoms of which disease?&#10;A) Multiple sclerosis&#10;B) Rheumatoid arthritis&#10;C) Adrenal insufficiency&#10;D) Sj&#246;gren syndrome

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dry mouth and dry eyes are hallmark...

Question 17

The plasma cell produces immunoglobulins,which are actually&#10;A) Antibodies&#10;B) Antigens&#10;C) Responders&#10;D) Trackers

Accepted Answer

The answer of The plasma cell produces immunoglobulins,which are actually&#10;A)...

Question 18

Which of the following are oral manifestations of AIDS? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Kaposi sarcoma&#10;B) Linear gingival erythema&#10;C) Candidiasis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are oral manifestations...

Deck 43: Immune System