Question 1

Match the term with its definition.&#10;Cushing disease&#10;A)Adrenocorticotropic hormone abnormalities&#10;B)Active thyroid hormone&#10;C)A benign tumor of the pituitary gland&#10;D)Increased thirst&#10;E)Second most common glandular disorder&#10;F)Insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone

Accepted Answer

Cushing disease is caused by abnormalities in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production, often due to a pituitary adenoma.

Question 2

The adrenal cortex is essential to life.The medulla may be removed with no life-threatening effects.&#10;A) Both statements are true.&#10;B) Both statements are false.&#10;C) The first statement is true; the second is false.&#10;D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Accepted Answer

The adrenal cortex produces vital hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone, which are essential for life. The medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are important for the body's stress response but not essential for life, as their functions can be compensated by other systems.

Question 3

Match the term with its definition.&#10;Thyroid dysfunction&#10;A)Adrenocorticotropic hormone abnormalities&#10;B)Active thyroid hormone&#10;C)A benign tumor of the pituitary gland&#10;D)Increased thirst&#10;E)Second most common glandular disorder&#10;F)Insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone

Accepted Answer

Thyroid dysfunction is the second most common glandular disorder.

Answer: A 
 Adrenocorticotropic hormone abnormalities may be a cause of thyroid dysfunction.

Answer: B 
 Active thyroid hormone is produced by the thyroid gland and regulates the body's metabolism among other things.

Answer: C 
 A benign tumor of the pituitary gland can affect the secretion of various hormones and cause thyroid dysfunction.

Answer: D 
 Increased thirst is not a specific symptom of thyroid dysfunction.

Answer: F 
 Insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone is a separate condition from thyroid dysfunction.

Question 4

The gonads,the primary reproductive organs,are the testes in the male and the ovaries in the female.These organs are responsible for producing the sperm and ova and secreting hormones.&#10;A) Both statements are true.&#10;B) Both statements are false.&#10;C) The first statement is true; the second is false.&#10;D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Accepted Answer

The first statement is true as the gonads are indeed the primary reproductive organs in both males and females, responsible for producing sperm and ova. The second statement is also true as the gonads, in addition to producing gametes, also secrete hormones such as testosterone and estrogen.

Question 5

Which gland is located near the center of the brain and secretes melatonin,a hormone that affects the body's sleep-regulation apparatus?&#10;A) Pineal gland&#10;B) Hypothalamus&#10;C) Pituitary gland&#10;D) Prostate gland

Accepted Answer

The pineal gland is located near the center of the brain and is responsible for secreting melatonin, a hormone that affects the body's sleep-regulation apparatus. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are also located in the brain but do not secrete melatonin. The prostate gland is located in males, but it does not secrete melatonin either.

Question 6

Match the term with its definition.&#10;Acromegaly&#10;A)Adrenocorticotropic hormone abnormalities&#10;B)Active thyroid hormone&#10;C)A benign tumor of the pituitary gland&#10;D)Increased thirst&#10;E)Second most common glandular disorder&#10;F)Insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly is a disorder caused by a benign tumor called a pituitary adenoma.

Answer: A
 Adrenocorticotropic hormone abnormalities can lead to various conditions, including Cushing syndrome and Addison disease.

Answer: B
 Active thyroid hormone is also known as triiodothyronine, which regulates metabolism.

Answer: D
 Increased thirst is a symptom of diabetes insipidus, a disorder caused by insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone.

Answer: E
 The second most common glandular disorder is thyroid disease, after diabetes.

Answer: F
 Insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone can lead to hypoparathyroidism, which can cause low calcium levels in the blood.

Question 7

Some of the endocrine system glands also have nonendocrine regions that have functions other than hormone secretion.The salivary glands,sweat glands,and pituitary glands are examples of exocrine glands.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Accepted Answer

The first statement is true because some endocrine glands do have nonendocrine regions. However, the second statement is false because the pituitary gland is not an example of an exocrine gland - it is purely an endocrine gland.

Question 8

Parathyroid hormone works in partnership with calcitonin from the thyroid gland.The two hormones have the same effect.&#10;A) Both statements are true.&#10;B) Both statements are false.&#10;C) The first statement is true; the second is false.&#10;D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin have opposite effects on blood calcium levels. Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone breakdown, promoting calcium absorption in the gut, and reducing calcium loss through urine. Calcitonin, on the other hand, decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone breakdown and promoting calcium excretion in the urine. So, the first statement is true as they have opposite effects, and the second statement is false as calcitonin does not have the same effect as parathyroid hormone on blood calcium levels.

Question 9

Match the term with its definition.&#10;Hypoparathyroidism&#10;A)Adrenocorticotropic hormone abnormalities&#10;B)Active thyroid hormone&#10;C)A benign tumor of the pituitary gland&#10;D)Increased thirst&#10;E)Second most common glandular disorder&#10;F)Insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone

Accepted Answer

Hypoparathyroidism is defined as an insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone.

Answer: C
 A benign tumor of the pituitary gland is known as a pituitary adenoma.

Answer: B
 Active thyroid hormone refers to triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which are produced by the thyroid gland.

Answer: A
 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) abnormalities refer to imbalances in the hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol.

Answer: D
 Increased thirst is a symptom of diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland.

Answer: E
 The second most common glandular disorder is thyroid disease, which includes conditions such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Question 10

All of the following are examples of exocrine glands EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?&#10;A) Salivary glands&#10;B) Sweat glands&#10;C) Glands within the gastrointestinal tract&#10;D) Pituitary glands

Accepted Answer

Pituitary glands are endocrine glands, not exocrine glands.

Question 11

Match the term with its definition.&#10;Polydipsia&#10;A)Adrenocorticotropic hormone abnormalities&#10;B)Active thyroid hormone&#10;C)A benign tumor of the pituitary gland&#10;D)Increased thirst&#10;E)Second most common glandular disorder&#10;F)Insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the term with its definition.&#10;Polydipsia&#10;A)Adrenocorticotropic hormone...

Question 12

Match the term with its definition.&#10;Thyroxine&#10;A)Adrenocorticotropic hormone abnormalities&#10;B)Active thyroid hormone&#10;C)A benign tumor of the pituitary gland&#10;D)Increased thirst&#10;E)Second most common glandular disorder&#10;F)Insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the term with its definition.&#10;Thyroxine&#10;A)Adrenocorticotropic hormone...

Question 13

Which cells in the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon?&#10;A) Alpha&#10;B) Beta&#10;C) Delta&#10;D) Omega

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which cells in the pancreatic islets secrete...

Deck 42: Endocrine System