Question 1

A scientific paper is developed around the&#10;A) Title&#10;B) Outline&#10;C) Thesis statement&#10;D) Results

Accepted Answer

The thesis statement is the central argument or main point of a scientific paper. It outlines the purpose and goals of the research, and provides a roadmap for the reader to understand the rest of the paper. The title, outline, and results are also important components of a scientific paper, but they are not as central as the thesis statement.

Question 2

Which of the following levels of evidence are said to have no statistical validity?&#10;A) Meta-analysis&#10;B) Randomized controlled trial&#10;C) Literature review&#10;D) Case series and case reports

Accepted Answer

Case series and case reports are considered to have no statistical validity because they are observational studies with no control group and hence cannot establish causality or prove effectiveness. Meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and literature reviews are all types of studies that involve comparisons or analyses of multiple studies and are considered to have higher levels of evidence than case reports or case series.

Question 3

Evidence-based care is based on three tenets.It is considered to be actively in use as long as one tenet is incorporated into the process of care.&#10;A) Both statements are true.&#10;B) Both statements are false.&#10;C) The first statement is true; the second is false.&#10;D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Accepted Answer

The first statement is true; evidence-based care is indeed based on three tenets: best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and preferences. However, the second statement is false as evidence-based care requires the incorporation of all three tenets, not just one. Therefore, evidence-based care is not considered actively in use as long as only one tenet is incorporated into the process of care.

Question 4

Which section of a scientific paper gives researchers a preview of what the article is about?&#10;A) Title&#10;B) Abstract&#10;C) Methods&#10;D) Discussion

Accepted Answer

The abstract is a brief summary of the entire article and provides researchers with a preview of what the study is about, including its purpose, methods, findings, and conclusion.

Question 5

Statistical significance is the level of probability that an association between two or more variables occurred by change alone.The commonly accepted p value is 0.05 or greater.&#10;A) Both statements are true.&#10;B) Both statements are false.&#10;C) The first statement is true; the second is false.&#10;D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Accepted Answer

The first statement is true as it defines statistical significance accurately. The second statement is false as the commonly accepted p-value for statistical significance is usually less than or equal to 0.05, not greater than.

Question 6

The closer a study design is to the top of the pyramidal hierarchy,the lower level of evidence.Meta-analysis has the highest level of evidence.&#10;A) Both statements are true.&#10;B) Both statements are false.&#10;C) The first statement is true; the second is false.&#10;D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Accepted Answer

The first statement is incorrect because the closer a study design is to the top of the pyramidal hierarchy, the higher the level of evidence it provides. The second statement is correct; meta-analysis, which combines data from multiple studies, is considered to provide the highest level of evidence.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT considered a strong source for citing in a research paper?&#10;A) Scopus&#10;B) Wikipedia&#10;C) Google Scholar&#10;D) PubMed

Accepted Answer

Wikipedia is a crowd-sourced encyclopedia and is not considered a strong source for citing in a research paper as its information may be unreliable and not peer-reviewed. The other options (Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed) are all academic databases that provide peer-reviewed research articles and are considered strong sources for citing in a research paper.

Question 8

Which of the following questions raises issues of outcomes and reporting adverse effects to determine which patients may benefit from the new intervention?&#10;A) Are the results of the study valid and reliable?&#10;B) What are the results and are they statistically and clinically significant?&#10;C) Will the results help in caring for my patient?&#10;D) Does my patient meet the inclusion criteria of the study?

Accepted Answer

This question focuses on applying the study results to patient care, considering outcomes and adverse effects to determine patient benefit.

Question 9

A dental hygienist is discussing the findings of oil pulling in relation to reversing gingivitis with a patient.Which step of the evidence-based process would the dental hygienist be representing?&#10;A) Assess&#10;B) Ask&#10;C) Appraise&#10;D) Apply

Accepted Answer

In this scenario, the dental hygienist is applying evidence (the findings of oil pulling in relation to reversing gingivitis) in a practical setting by discussing it with a patient. This represents the "Apply" step of the evidence-based process, where evidence is integrated into patient care.

Question 10

Plagiarism is defined as the use of another's work or ideas without giving credit to that person; credit must be given by citing the source,which allows readers and researchers to locate and retrieve the information. Paraphrasing by substituting words,altering,or changing word order is acceptable,if cited.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Accepted Answer

The first statement is true. Plagiarism is indeed defined as the use of another's work or ideas without giving credit to that person, and it is considered unethical and may result in serious consequences. However, the second statement is false. Paraphrasing someone else's work without proper citation is also plagiarism. While it is acceptable to paraphrase as long as the source is cited, failure to do so is still considered plagiarism.

Question 11

Jamie is researching the long-term effects of sealants in preventing dental decay by reviewing previous studies.What type of research is Jamie utilizing?&#10;A) Primary research&#10;B) Secondary research&#10;C) Tertiary research&#10;D) Quaternary research

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jamie is researching the long-term effects of...

Question 12

Julie is looking for articles on proper care for implant maintenance.Which step in the evidence-based process is Julie utilizing?&#10;A) Ask&#10;B) Assess&#10;C) Acquire&#10;D) Appraise

Accepted Answer

The answer of Julie is looking for articles on proper...

Question 13

Researchers want to study the effects of chlorohexidine rinse on periodontal health after initial nonsurgical periodontal therapy over the following 18 months.What type of study is this considered to be?

A) Prospective cohort study
B) Retrospective cohort study
C) Literature review
D) Case control study

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers want to study the effects of...

Question 14

Proctor and Gamble conduct a research study to test if a new toothpaste will help with whitening.The participants and researchers are unaware of the intervention.What type of control method is being utilized?

A) Randomization
B) Single-blind
C) Double-blind
D) Non-blind

Accepted Answer

The answer of Proctor and Gamble conduct a research study...

Question 15

Validity in a study refers to the extent to which a study measures what it actually intended to measure.Reliability,in a study or clinical context,means the extent to which a method or a measurement repeatedly and consistently produces the same outcome or results,performed under identical conditions.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Validity in a study refers to the...

Question 16

Statistical significance is represented by the&#10;A) ss value&#10;B) p value&#10;C) s value&#10;D) m value

Accepted Answer

The answer of Statistical significance is represented by the&#10;A) ss...

Deck 6: Evidence-Based Care