Deck 14: Contemporary Theories of Process

Question 1

According to Moffitt, antisocial behavior in young offenders is a likely result of these types of deficits.

Answer 1

Neurological.

Question 2

Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime is also called self-control theory.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The "general theory of crime" (or self-control theory) has also been called the _________-event theory.

Answer 3

Propensity

Question 4

Life-course theory argues that over time, one's life changes in two ways, referred to as trajectories and ____________.

Question 5

Life course theory is closely related to the early work of anomie theory.

Question 6

The text describes the interactionist perspective as proposed by:

A) Terrie Moffitt
B) Terence Thornberry
C) Sampson & Laub
D) Robert Agnew

Question 7

Child-rearing practices are a major concern in self-control theory.

Question 8

Which of the following was the example used in the text of someone who changed criminal tendencies over the life-course?

A) The young man who was an Al-Qaeda terrorist.
B) The young gang member who moved to Canada.
C) The young woman who had been a teen prostitute.
D) The juvenile in the Philadelphia Birth Cohort study.

Question 9

Robert Agnew added the avoidance of pain to the strain theory formula.

Question 10

Positive blockage and negative avoidance combine in general strain theory to create:

A) The highest rates of delinquency and deviance.
B) The lowest rates of delinquency and deviance.
C) Low rates of delinquency except in persistent offenders.
D) Low rates of delinquency except in dysfunctional families.

Question 11

Thornberry argued that social control and learning mechanisms in our society are part of a two-way street he called ______________.

Question 12

According to Sampson and Laub, changes in social bonds create destabilized periods over one's life, which they call:

A) Social deficits.
B) Propensity events.
C) Turning points.
D) The lost generation.

Question 13

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi in their general theory of crime, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

A) Lower intelligence is related to a greater risk of crime.
B) Criminality traits are naturally present from birth.
C) Criminals have special motivations, needs and desires.
D) Crime is attractive to those with a propensity towards it.

Question 14

All of the following are part of Gottfredson & Hirschi's perception and definition of crime EXCEPT:

A) A result of improper or inadequate parenting.
B) A product of self-interest.
C) A consequence of genetic determinism.
D) An event in time and space.

Question 15

According to Thornberry, a child will avoid deviance if first successful in:

A) Establishing inner containment.
B) Sports or other school achievements.
C) Making close friends with neighborhood children.
D) Attachment to parents.

Question 16

According to the text, which is a characteristic of Hirschi & Gottfredson's self-control theory?

A) It uses a traditional, legal definition of crime.
B) It uses a broader, more inclusive definition of crime.
C) It uses a more narrow, restrictive definition of crime.
D) It ignores the concept of a definition of crime.

Question 17

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, self-control is a factor that:

A) Becomes stronger as one ages.
B) Deteriorates as one ages.
C) Is stable over the life course.
D) Tends to be influenced by economic status.

Question 18

All of the following are sources of strain that may lead to deviance according to Agnew EXCEPT:

A) The removal of intensive negative stimuli.
B) Peer pressure to engage in delinquency.
C) Perceiving oneself to be the victim of discrimination of injustice.
D) Insufficient coping skills

Question 19

The notion that the quality of interpersonal relationships is a resource for an individual to draw upon when needed is called social _______.

Question 20

Race and social class plan an important role in self-control theory.

Question 21

What has the research on self-control theory found?

Question 22

Discuss the basic concepts of self-control theory (the general theory of crime).

Question 23

Discuss the relationship between stress and crime according to Agnew

Question 24

What do developmental perspectives contribute to explanations of crime and delinquency?

Question 25

Explain what is meant by life course theory.

Question 26

Comment on the social attitudes during the 1980s and 90s and how they may have fostered the development of certain types of theories.