Deck 16: Nutrition During Adulthood

Question 1

_______________ is an example of a nutrition program f senis that delivers meals to their homes.

Answer 1

Meals on Wheels

Question 2

_______________ is the average length of life f a given group of people bn in a specific year.

Answer 2

Life expectancy

Question 3

Meals provided by congregate home-delivered meal programs are designed to provide _______________ of the RDA AI f nutrients.

Answer 3

one-third OR one third OR 1/3 OR 33% OR 333%

Question 4

During aging, as cells in an gan die, the gan's ability to show no outward disease and dysfunction is called its _______________.

Question 5

The foundation f a diet that optimizes long-term nutritional health emphasizes all of the following except

A) low-fat dairy products.
B) a variety of fruits and vegetables.
C) refined-grain breads and cereals.
D) lean meats.

Question 6

As one ages, _______________ are lost from the kidney. In some people, this loss leads to eventual kidney failure, but most of us maintain sufficient kidney function.

Question 7

The best general approach to eating a health-promoting diet is to

A) follow MyPlate's Daily Food Plan.
B) avoid foods containing sugar or sodium.
C) avoid all desserts.
D) eat ample amounts of refined-grain breads and cereals.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about U.S. dietary intake patterns since the mid-1950s?

A) We are eating less cheese.
B) We are consuming less saturated fat.
C) We are eating more eggs.
D) We are eating less chicken and fish.

Question 9

_______________ is the name of the chronic and progressive disease characterized by prolonged fatty infiltration of the liver with fibrous connective tissue replacing destroyed liver cells.

Question 10

__________________ describes a loss of muscle mass accompanied by gains in fat mass.

Question 11

Because the elderly person requires similar amounts of nutrients as a younger person but needs fewer calies, diet plans should focus on _______________.

Question 12

Alcohol metabolism depends on the enzyme _______________.

Question 13

Bill wants to eat a health-promoting diet. Which of the following is not recommended by the Dietary Guidelines f Americans?

A) Balance calorie intake from foods and beverages with calories expended.
B) Choose foods that limit the intake of saturated and trans fats.
C) Emphasize vegetables, fruits, legumes (beans), whole-grain breads and cereals, and fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products.
D) Consume no more than four alcohol-containing drinks daily.

Question 14

Isolation and loneliness frequently contribute to apathetic eating and _______________ in older people.

Question 15

_______________ percent of the elderly population regularly take multiple prescription drugs. These drugs can affect nutritional status.

Question 16

To prevent ____________, older adults should exercise and increase intake of both fiber and water.

Question 17

Declining production of stomach acid and intrinsic fact increase the risk f deficiency of ____________ among older adults.

Question 18

Women are advised to consume no me than _______________ drink(s) per day.

Question 19

Of all alcohol sources, _______________ often is singled out as the best choice because of the added bonus of the many phytochemicals present.

Question 20

_______________ refers to the maximum number of years humans live.

Question 21

Which of the following is the best definition of life span?

A) The time an average person can expect to live
B) The potential oldest age a person can reach
C) The rate of death from a variety of diseases
D) The rate of disability from a variety of diseases

Question 22

Joe's diet consists of the maj contributs of calies to the adult diet in the United States. He tends to eat a lot of

A) white bread, rolls, and crackers.
B) fruits.
C) whole grains.
D) kidney beans.

Question 23

Of older people, at least _____ percent have nutrition-related health problems.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 65
D) 75

Question 24

The life span of humans is approximately ______ years.

A) 122
B) 105
C) 78
D) 100

Question 25

Which of the following is the best definition of life expectancy?

A) The time an average person can expect to live
B) The maximum number of years humans live
C) The rate of death from a variety of diseases
D) The rate of disability from a variety of diseases

Question 26

A basic plan f health promotion and disease prevention includes all of the following except

A) consuming meals that resemble MyPlate.
B) getting regular exercise.
C) not smoking.
D) consuming 3 to 5 ounces of alcohol daily.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a good predict of physical health status in the elderly?

A) Chronological age
B) Nutritional habits
C) Extent of physiological changes
D) Family history

Question 28

Which of the following is not a popular they on aging?

A) Errors occur in copying DNA for making protein.
B) Levels of hormones, such as testosterone, become too high as one ages.
C) The immune system becomes less efficient at preventing disease.
D) Connective tissue becomes less flexible over time.

Question 29

Maggie switches to a health-promoting diet. This potentially will have the most impact on

A) life span.
B) life expectancy.
C) quantity of life.
D) quality of life in later years.

Question 30

Among the older population, the fastest growing age group is

A) 60 to 65.
B) 65 to 75.
C) 75 to 80.
D) 85 and older.

Question 31

Currently, life expectancy in Nth America is about ______ years f men and ______ f women.

A) 78; 71
B) 75; 75
C) 78; 80
D) 75; 80

Question 32

Maude is losing her sense of taste and smell. Which of the following is true about her situation?

A) Taste and smell typically do not decrease with aging.
B) She will need to vary her diet and use more herbs and spices.
C) She will have to learn to accept that food will taste more bland.
D) She eventually will not be able to smell and taste food.

Question 33

Some researchers believe that damage to cells by electron-seeking compounds may contribute to the aging process. Which of the following nutrients does not protect cells from these compounds?

A) Selenium
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K

Question 34

A mineral that is often deficient in adults' diets and is linked to bone health, muscle function, mental health, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes is

A) zinc.
B) iron.
C) magnesium.
D) calcium.

Question 35

Sara is an administrat at a bank. Sara eats plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and lean meats. She is of Nthern European descent and is quite small in stature. What could she do to live a me health-promoting lifestyle?

A) Take vitamin and mineral supplements.
B) Eat more vitamin A-laden fruits and vegetables.
C) Eat more lean meats.
D) Consume plenty of low-fat milk and dairy products.

Question 36

Which of the following does not exemplify the Dietary Guidelines f Americans?

A) Balance food intake with energy expended in physical activity.
B) Choose a diet low in trans fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol.
C) Eliminate salt and sodium from the diet.
D) Maintain a healthy body weight.

Question 37

In the aging process, physiological functioning of gans decreases but it may be years befe this decline in gan function becomes noticeable. This is referred to as

A) compression of morbidity.
B) homeostasis.
C) reserve capacity.
D) subclinical deficiency.

Question 38

Which of the following is true about aging?

A) Aging is a disease.
B) Models have been designed that are very predictive of the aging process.
C) Not every elderly person dies of a disease that commonly accompanies old age.
D) Every elderly person dies from some disease such as congestive heart failure.

Question 39

Aging most likely is the result of

A) slow cell death.
B) acute death of an organ.
C) complete death of the immune system.
D) slow cell multiplication.

Question 40

Delaying the onset of disabilities caused by chronic diseases is known as

A) reserve capacity.
B) usual aging.
C) homeostasis.
D) compression of morbidity.

Question 41

Gary takes a diuretic to control blood pressure, aspirin to prevent blood clots, and an antibiotic f a recent sinus infection. Which of these may affect his vitamin needs?

A) None of these
B) Aspirin
C) Antibiotic
D) Diuretic

Question 42

Alzheimer's patients are likely to be helped by all of the following except

A) regular physical activity.
B) limiting sun exposure.
C) eating fish two times per week.
D) monitoring food intake toward a healthy diet.

Question 43

The physiological changes of aging that will decrease food utilization in the body include all of the following except

A) decreased kidney function.
B) decreased liver function.
C) decreased insulin function.
D) constipation.

Question 44

Use of which of the following medications could cause appetite loss in an elderly person?

A) Diuretics
B) Antidepressants
C) Antipsychotics
D) Aspirin

Question 45

Excess calie intake can lead to which of the following?

A) Weight loss
B) Accelerated body breakdown
C) Depression
D) Semistarvation

Question 46

Declining function of which of the following body systems directly affects an older adult's ability to shop f, prepare, and consume foods at home?

A) Digestive system
B) Nervous system
C) Immune system
D) Endocrine system

Question 47

All of the following tend to happen as one ages except

A) the liver's detoxifying capacity deteriorates.
B) the tendency to develop gallstones increases.
C) high chromium intake impairs glucose tolerance.
D) the digestive functions of the pancreas may decline.

Question 48

Edna, at age 75, has found she does not tolerate milk products well. She should do which of the following?

A) Eat more vegetables.
B) Increase her protein intake.
C) Eliminate dairy foods.
D) Decrease the serving size of dairy foods.

Question 49

Bud has trouble with his dentures and problems chewing. Which of the following foods would be best to help meet his nutritional needs?

A) Gelatin
B) Bouillon
C) Sirloin steak
D) Low-fat yogurt

Question 50

Which of the following does not decrease with aging?

A) Thirst
B) Lean tissue levels
C) Immune function
D) Fat stores

Question 51

Barbara is 65 years of age and her doct finds her mental function is declining. Which of the following will not significantly impact this issue?

A) Striving for life-long learning
B) Exercising regularly
C) Eating a healthy diet
D) Taking nutrition supplements

Question 52

All of the following can cause apathetic eating and weight loss except

A) participation in a congregate meal program.
B) depression.
C) death of friend.
D) becoming less mobile.

Question 53

Food habits of older adults may be influenced by all of the following except

A) decreased taste sensitivity.
B) decreased mobility.
C) poor dentition.
D) production of melatonin.

Question 54

Compared to individuals aged 19 - 50, adults over the age of 70 need _____ vitamin

A) more
B) the same amount of
C) less
D)

Question 55

Long-term aspirin use by an elderly person could increase the need f what nutrient?

A) Calcium
B) Potassium
C) Thiamin
D) Iron

Question 56

Mack is constipated. Safe recommendations include all of the following except

A) eat 30 grams of fiber per day.
B) drink more fluid.
C) use mineral oil routinely and liberally.
D) eat more whole grains.

Question 57

Which of the following is true about thirst among the elderly?

A) Elderly individuals can easily become dehydrated and this can cause confusion.
B) Elderly people rarely become dehydrated because the sense of thirst is enhanced as people age.
C) About 6 cups of fluid per day is a good goal for elderly people.
D) Diuretics do not affect the elderly person's fluid requirement.

Question 58

______ percent of the elderly population regularly take multiple prescription drugs.

A) Twenty-five
B) Thirty-five
C) Fifty
D) Sixty

Question 59

Consuming adequate ______ and ______ helps maximize the health of the immune system in elderly individuals.

A) protein; selenium
B) iron; copper
C) calcium; protein
D) protein; zinc

Question 60

The decrease in lean tissue that occurs with aging can best be prevented by

A) eating a lot of protein.
B) exercise and a weight-training program.
C) eating a lot of kilocalories.
D) taking vitamin and mineral supplements.

Question 61

The dietary manipulation that is related most significantly to longevity in animal studies is

A) protein restriction.
B) low fat intake.
C) calorie restriction.
D) high carbohydrate intake.

Question 62

Anya is undergoing treatment f cancer and suffers from nausea and mouth ses, which are hindering her food intake. Which of the following meals would you recommend?

A) Spaghetti with meat sauce, garlic bread, and a soft drink
B) Pancakes, a hard boiled egg, and apple juice
C) Bacon, fried eggs, and orange juice
D) Toast with jam, a soft-boiled egg, and milk

Question 63

The DETERMINE acronym refers to all of the following except

A) eating poorly.
B) depression.
C) economic hardship.
D) multiple medications.

Question 64

All of the following fms of cancer are related to excessive calie intake except

A) lung cancer.
B) breast cancer.
C) colon cancer.
D) pancreatic cancer.

Question 65

The Dietary Guidelines f Americans recommend that those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation, defined as the consumption of up to __ drink(s) per day f women and older adults and up to __ drink(s) per day f men.

A) 0; 1
B) 1; 2
C) 2; 3
D) 3; 4

Question 66

All of the following are reasons older adults should limit alcohol consumption except

A) they become intoxicated more easily.
B) they have lower amounts of body water in which to dilute alcohol.
C) they have a decreased ability to metabolize alcohol.
D) they are more likely to engage in risky behaviors.

Question 67

Which of the following is true about alcohol consumption by the elderly?

A) It is absorbed only in the small intestine.
B) Alcohol absorption is independent of the amount of stomach contents.
C) Most of the alcohol is metabolized by the kidney.
D) Alcohol can interfere with the effect of medication in the body.

Question 68

Which of the following is true about application of the RDAs to elderly people?

A) The RDAs apply well to those over 75 years of age.
B) The RDAs are valid even though many older people take medications and are ill.
C) The RDAs are now tailored to 57-70 and 70+ years of age.
D) The RDAs are low for all nutrients.

Question 69

Which of the following is true about diet and Alzheimer's disease?

A) High intakes of aluminum can cause it.
B) High intakes of choline and lecithin are associated with improvement in the condition.
C) It is wise for others to oversee food planning and mealtimes to ensure nutritional adequacy.
D) Diet can prevent this condition.

Question 70

F cancer prevention, which of the following dietary components should be limited?

A) Omega-3 fatty acids
B) Phytochemicals
C) Low-fat dairy products
D) Cured meats

Question 71

F those over 40 years of age, an exercise program should include all of the following except

A) physician clearance.
B) stretching.
C) rest periodically.
D) exercise through the pain.

Question 72

Where is the chief site of alcohol metabolism?

A) Brain
B) Stomach
C) Liver
D) Kidneys

Question 73

All of the following are practical suggestions f diet planning f singles except

A) buying small containers of food.
B) cooking large amounts of food, dividing it into portions, and freezing it.
C) buying family-sized packages of meat.
D) buying fruits at various stages of ripeness so they can be eaten fresh daily.