Deck 7: Energy Balance and Weight Control

Question 1

A technique f estimating energy expenditure by measuring oxygen used by a person is called _______________.

Answer 1

indirect calorimetry

Question 2

An example of a bariatric surgical procedure used today f treating severely obese individuals is ____________.

Answer 2

adjustable gastric banding OR AGB OR gastroplasty OR gastric bypass OR gastric banding OR LAP-BAND OR vertical-banded gastroplasty OR VBG OR roux-en-Y gastric bypass OR RYGB

Question 3

The energy expended to digest, absb, and further process nutrients in food is called the _______________. This equals approximately 5% to 10% of energy intake.

Answer 3

thermic effect of food OR TEF

Question 4

____________ increases energy expenditure above basal energy needs by about 25% to 40%.

Question 5

Basal metabolism is the energy expended

A) when sleeping.
B) when doing moderate activity.
C) when resting, but awake, and in a fasting state.
D) to make food available to the body.

Question 6

John weighs 80 kilograms and is 1.6 meters tall. His body mass index is _______________ kg/m².
80 kg / (1.6 m x 1.6 m) = 80 kg / 2.56 m = 31.25 kg/m²

Question 7

Bob is a 34-year-old male who weighs 150 pounds and is a long distance cycler. He is engaged in vigous activity. Based on the MyPlate Calie Guidelines, Bob needs approximately _______________ kcal/day.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about basal metabolism?

A) It represents about 30 percent of total energy expenditure.
B) It is energy expenditure to maintain heartbeat, respiration, other basic functions, and daily activities.
C) It represents about 60 percent to 70 percent of total calories used by a sedentary person during each day.
D) It includes the energy used to digest food.

Question 9

The expenditure of energy to produce heat in response to a cold environment and as a result of overfeeding is called _______________.

Question 10

_______________ obesity is a pattern of body fat distribution that is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

Question 11

The professional qualified to assist individuals with their weight-loss goals is a _______________.

Question 12

Underweight is defined as a body mass index below _______________ kg/m².

Question 13

A body fat level of _______________% greater f men warrants a diagnosis of obesity.

Question 14

A group of medications that induce stimulation of the central nervous system are _______________.

Question 15

A body fat level of ______% greater f women warrants a diagnosis of obesity.

Question 16

The name f minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive is _______________. This represents about 60% to 70% of total energy expenditure.

Question 17

Which of the following is not associated with an increase in basal metabolism?

A) An increase in body temperature
B) A low calorie intake
C) An increase in lean body mass
D) Caffeine use

Question 18

A technique f estimating energy expenditure by measuring body heat released by a person is called _______________.

Question 19

Cycles of loss and regain of weight are called _______________. With each cycle, it is easier to gain weight and harder to lose.

Question 20

Restricting food and beverage intake by ______ kcal per day below calie needs typically leads to weight loss of 1 pound per week.

Question 21

The method f determining energy expenditure in which the amount of oxygen a person uses is measured is called

A) direct calorimetry.
B) indirect calorimetry.
C) thermocalorimetry.
D) bomb calorimetry.

Question 22

Men with body fat levels greater than _____ run health risks.

A) 20%
B) 24%
C) 30%
D) 35%

Question 23

Physical activity

A) contributes about 70 percent of total energy expenditure.
B) is only counted as a significant contributor if it is a formal, regular exercise program.
C) includes daily activities as seemingly insignificant as fidgeting.
D) contributes very little to overall energy expenditure.

Question 24

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ f women warrants an obesity diagnosis.

A) 25%
B) 20%
C) 35%
D) 30%

Question 25

The MyPlate calie guideline f a 19- to 30-year-old active woman is

A) 1600.
B) 2000.
C) 2400.
D) 2800.

Question 26

Xenical is a weight-loss drug that wks in the digestive system

A) to substitute xylose for glucose.
B) to block digestion of about one-third of the fat in the food we eat.
C) to produce a full feeling that decreases hunger.
D) as an artificial fat.

Question 27

Body weight in kilograms divided by height squared in meters yields

A) the obesity index.
B) the body mass index.
C) relative weight.
D) percent body fat.

Question 28

F a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms, the body mass index would be

A) 18.
B) 23.
C) 27.
D) 32.

Question 29

Carol eats 800 kilocalies a day to lose weight. She is 40 years old. Carol has been walking briskly 60 minutes daily f the past 2 months. In her younger days she lifted weights, but she has lost considerable lean body mass over the years because of inactivity. Recently, Carol was diagnosed with hypothyroidism, which lowers metabolism. Which of the following facts increases Carol's energy output and promotes weight loss?

A) Her 800-kilocalorie diet
B) Her age
C) Her loss of lean body mass
D) Her walking routine

Question 30

Bill expends 2,500 kilocalies per day. What amount of kilocalies will be from basal metabolism?

A) 250 to 375
B) 500 to 1,050
C) 1,200 to 1,500
D) 1,500 to 1,750

Question 31

The method f determining energy expenditure that involves the measurement of heat given off by the body during a select period of time in an insulated chamber is

A) direct calorimetry.
B) indirect calorimetry.
C) thermocalorimetry.
D) bomb calorimetry.

Question 32

All of the following contribute to total energy expenditure except

A) basal metabolic rate.
B) thermic effect of food.
C) energy content of food.
D) adaptive thermogenesis.

Question 33

How would you interpret the body mass index f a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms?

A) The value does not exceed the value at which health risks begin.
B) Her health risks due to obesity would be high.
C) This indicates significant android obesity and high health risk.
D) She slightly exceeds the value at which health risks begin.

Question 34

All of the following are true about contributs to energy expenditure except

A) the thermic effect of food represents about 5 percent to 10 percent of total energy expenditure.
B) physical activity accounts for 25 percent to 40 percent of total energy expenditure.
C) basal metabolism accounts for 60 percent to 70 percent of total energy expenditure.
D) fidgeting accounts for 40 percent of total energy expenditure.

Question 35

Bill consumes 2,500 kilocalies per day. What would be his energy expenditure, in kilocalies, from the thermic effect of food?

A) 125 to 250
B) 250 to 375
C) 300 to 550
D) 425 to 600

Question 36

Joe is getting his energy expenditure measured by direct calimetry. The 1 liter of water surrounding the chamber has an initial reading of 15 degrees Celsius. The final reading is 2,015 degrees Celsius. How many kilocalies did he expend?

A) 1,000
B) 1,500
C) 2,000
D) 2,500

Question 37

The calie cost of the thermic effect of food is ___ of energy consumed.

A) 1% to 2%
B) 5% to 10%
C) 15% to 20%
D) 20% to 25%

Question 38

Thermogenesis refers to all of the following except

A) the ability to regulate body temperature within narrow limits.
B) shivering when cold and fidgeting are examples of thermogenesis.
C) brown adipose tissue contributes to thermogenesis, especially in hibernating animals.
D) the energy you require during sleep at night.

Question 39

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ f men warrants an obesity diagnosis.

A) 8%
B) 20%
C) 24%
D) 30%

Question 40

The thermic effect of food

A) represents the calories needed to digest, absorb, and process ingested food.
B) represents approximately 20 percent of total energy expenditure.
C) is included in the measurement of basal metabolism.
D) refers to energy expended to produce heat in response to a cold environment.

Question 41

The best way to treat an underweight person is to advise him her to

A) eat high-fat foods such as cream, cheeses, ice cream, and ground beef.
B) stop exercising.
C) eat calorie-dense foods higher in vegetable fat like nuts and seeds.
D) eat high-calorie foods at the beginning of a meal.

Question 42

Which of the following is an imptant aspect of behavi modification used f weight control?

A) Severely restricting intake after overeating
B) Avoiding planned eating so you can be ready to handle spontaneous changes in the situation
C) Recording eating behavior to identify situations that contribute to overeating
D) Weighing at the same time each day

Question 43

A daily deficit of 500 kilocalies should result in a weight loss of about how many pounds per week?

A) 2
B) 1
C) 3
D) 4

Question 44

An example of cognitive restructuring f weight control is

A) planning what to eat for breakfast.
B) decreeing candy bars off limits.
C) replacing eating reactions to stress with helpful relaxing alternatives.
D) keeping a food intake diary to identify triggers for eating.

Question 45

Currently, the most common and effective surgical procedure f mbid obesity is

A) intestinal bypass.
B) gastric bypass.
C) gastric balloons.
D) gastrectomy.

Question 46

A weight-loss program should have all of the following characteristics except

A) use MyPlate as a pattern for food choices.
B) the plan should adapt to habits and tastes.
C) the plan should have a weight loss goal of 3 to 5 pounds per week.
D) the plan should be socially acceptable, allowing attendance at parties and restaurants.

Question 47

All of the following statements about many popular diets are true except

A) they promote quick weight loss that ends up being primarily water and lean muscle mass.
B) they help people make permanent changes in eating habits.
C) they often recommend expensive supplements.
D) they use testimonials from famous people.

Question 48

Which of the following is not true about android obesity?

A) It is upper body obesity.
B) High testosterone levels encourage it.
C) A low waist-to-hip ratio is indicative of it.
D) It is related to heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.

Question 49

What would be the approximate weight gain, in pounds, of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kilocalies daily f one month?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 3
D) 2

Question 50

Which of the following is not characteristic of a fad diet?

A) It promotes quick solutions.
B) It uses scientific evidence, presenting pros and cons.
C) It limits food selections.
D) It recommends expensive supplements.

Question 51

Which of the following is not a way to estimate body fat?

A) Body mass index
B) Bioelectrical impedance
C) Skinfolds
D) Underwater weighing

Question 52

As one finds his her weight loss slowing during a weight control program, the best practice is to

A) restrict more food choices.
B) reduce food intake to 1,000 kilocalories.
C) go off the weight control program and take a break.
D) increase physical activity.

Question 53

Mary Sue wishes to lose 5 pounds befe her vacation in approximately 5 weeks. Her average consumption is 2,100 kilocalies. How many kilocalies should she consume daily to lose this weight, assuming her activity pattern remains unchanged?

A) 1,800 to 1,900
B) 1,600 to 1,700
C) 1,400 to 1,500
D) 1,100 to 1,200

Question 54

The best fmal weight loss program f the average dieter is

A) Weight Watchers.
B) Jenny Craig.
C) Nutri-System.
D) Diet Center.

Question 55

Which of the following testing methods is considered the most accurate way of measuring percent body fat?

A) Underwater weighing
B) Skinfolds
C) Infrared light
D) Bioelectrical impedance

Question 56

Margaret's parents are both obese. She has dieted six times, each time losing a considerable amount of weight and subsequently regaining it. Margaret has an aversion to exercise. Which of the following is true about Margaret's situation?

A) Her frequent weight loss attempts have most likely led to greater amounts of lean body mass.
B) Her problem is genetic and there is no reason for her to attempt to lose weight.
C) When she ends the diet she regains additional body fat.
D) Her problem results from poor habits, with studies showing genetics as an insignificant contributor.

Question 57

Which of the following is not a maj goal f weight control programs?

A) 5-pound weight loss per week
B) Loss of stored fat
C) Sparing lean body mass
D) Reaching a healthy weight

Question 58

listat (Xenical) is a medication approved by the FDA f weight loss that reduces fat

A) storage by inhibiting lipase activity in fat cells.
B) digestion by inhibiting lipase enzyme action in the small intestine.
C) absorption by decreasing bile secretion.
D) circulation by inhibiting lipoprotein production.

Question 59

Altering the environment to minimize the stimuli f eating is called

A) chain-breaking.
B) stimulus control.
C) contingency management.
D) cognitive restructuring.

Question 60

Android obesity is associated with a higher incidence of all the following except

A) heart disease.
B) diabetes mellitus.
C) hypertension.
D) lung cancer.

Question 61

The body's set point has been suggested to be

A) a weight to which the body closely regulates.
B) one's desirable body weight.
C) one's minimum body weight.
D) the weight that is reached and maintained during mid-life.

Question 62

When individuals lose weight quickly, most of the weight lost is from

A) fat, water, and glycogen.
B) water, muscle tissue, and bone.
C) water, glycogen, and muscle tissue.
D) fat, water, and muscle tissue.

Question 63

Martha is maintaining her current weight by eating 2,500 kilocalies per day. To lose 1 pound of fat per week, she would have to decrease her intake to how many kilocalies per day?

A) 2,200 to 2,300
B) 1,900 to 2,000
C) 1,500 to 1,600
D) 1,000 to 1,200

Question 64

Changing one's frame of mind related to weight control and nutrition is called

A) stimulus control.
B) self-monitoring.
C) chain-breaking.
D) cognitive restructuring.

Question 65

Which of the following is true about fat?

A) It has a high thermic effect.
B) It is less calorie-dense than carbohydrates or proteins.
C) It is a concentrated source of calories.
D) It is better to eliminate carbohydrates rather than fat when cutting calories.

Question 66

Which of the following is true about use of diet pills f weight reduction?

A) Diet pills do not lead to long-term changes in weight and tend to have side effects.
B) Amphetamines are not addictive.
C) Oral cholecystokinin is absorbed and suppresses hunger.
D) Diuretics lead to significant fat loss.

Question 67

Two self-help groups that would be helpful with weight control effts include

A) Jenny Craig and Slim Fast.
B) Nutri-System and Jenny Craig.
C) Weight Watchers and Take Off Pounds Sensibly.
D) Weight Watchers and Nutri-System.