Deck 4: Carbohydrates

Question 1

The hmone _______________ is released from the pancreas when blood glucose is elevated above a nmal range.

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

Maj fructose sources include

A) milk and cheese.
B) fruits and high fructose corn syrup.
C) fruits and vegetables.
D) nuts and seeds.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A disaccharide is fmed by the chemical bonding of

A) two monosaccharides.
B) two polysaccharides.
C) one monosaccharide and one polysaccharide.
D) two oligosaccharides.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Milk sugar is known as _______________.

Question 5

_______________ are the main problem associated with excessive sugar intake.

Question 6

_______________ are products from partial fat metabolism as a result of too little dietary carbohydrate.

Question 7

_______________ is the maj monosaccharide found in the body.

Question 8

The recommendations f a high-carbohydrate diet refer to one that is ______ in complex carbohydrates and ______ in simple carbohydrates.

Question 9

_______________ is a condition in which one lacks lactase. Symptoms include gas and bloating after consuming dairy products.

Question 10

Dietary fiber may play a role in the prevention of _______________ cancer.

Question 11

The red blood cells and brain are two body tissues that derive most of their energy from ____________.

Question 12

The maj source of glucose released to elevate a low blood glucose level is _______________.

Question 13

Many health authities recommend that Americans consume within the range of _______________% of their total calies from carbohydrate.

Question 14

The monosaccharides imptant in nutrition are fructose, glucose, and _______________.

Question 15

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the _______________.

Question 16

After absption, galactose is converted to ________ in the liver.

A) glucose
B) fructose
C) glycogen
D) lactose

Question 17

The main function of glucose is to supply _______________ f the body.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

A) Galactose
B) Fructose
C) Lactose
D) Glucose

Question 19

Polysaccharides that cannot be digested by human digestive enzymes, and therefe cannot be absbed, are called _______________.

Question 20

The disaccharides imptant in nutrition are sucrose, maltose, and _______________.

Question 21

The term "simple carbohydrates" refers to

A) starch.
B) monosaccharides and disaccharides.
C) fiber.
D) polysaccharides.

Question 22

Which of the following is a maj source of lactose?

A) Skim milk
B) Broccoli
C) Apples
D) Honey

Question 23

Which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion?

A) Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins.
B) Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.
C) Chewing food does not assist in carbohydrate digestion.
D) Saliva production does not influence starch digestion.

Question 24

Glucose also is known as

A) levulose.
B) ribose.
C) maltose.
D) dextrose.

Question 25

Amylase is

A) an enzyme that digests protein.
B) a branched chain of glucose units.
C) an enzyme that digests starch.
D) a straight chain of glucose units.

Question 26

The maj symptoms of lactose intolerance are

A) gas, abdominal pain, and distention.
B) a rash, sneezing, and stuffy nose.
C) a headache and chest pain.
D) nausea and vomiting.

Question 27

What is the maj monosaccharide found in the body?

A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Galactose
D) Sucrose

Question 28

The monosaccharides imptant in nutrition are

A) glucose, fructose, and lactose.
B) fructose, glucose, and galactose.
C) fructose, glucose, and maltose.
D) sucrose, fructose, and glucose.

Question 29

Of the following, which is a maj source of sucrose?

A) Alcohol
B) Fruits
C) Grains
D) Sugar cane

Question 30

What is the fate of disaccharides not digested in the small intestine?

A) They pass into the colon and are absorbed.
B) They pass into the colon and are fermented by bacteria.
C) They are absorbed and converted to glycogen.
D) They are absorbed and converted to fat.

Question 31

Glucose is absbed via ______ absption.

A) passive
B) facilitated
C) active
D) participatory

Question 32

Which of the following describes the process of starch digestion?

A) Starch to lactose to galactose
B) Starch to maltose to glucose
C) Starch to glycogen to glucose
D) Starch to sucrose to fructose

Question 33

Which of the following is true?

A) Glucose and glucose form sucrose.
B) Glucose and fructose form lactose.
C) Glucose and galactose form lactose.
D) Glucose and galactose form maltose.

Question 34

What enzyme is responsible f carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?

A) Salivary amylase
B) Bicarbonate
C) Pancreatic proteases
D) Pancreatic amylase

Question 35

Simple sugars in large quantities have been shown to

A) cause obesity.
B) promote tooth decay.
C) cause diabetes mellitus.
D) cause hyperactivity.

Question 36

Lactose intolerance is caused by

A) a milk allergy.
B) lactase deficiency.
C) milk bacteria.
D) intestinal bacteria.

Question 37

Which of the following is not true of carbohydrate absption?

A) Monosaccharides can enter the villi.
B) End products of carbohydrate digestion are transported through the portal vein to the liver.
C) Maltose is transported through the portal vein to the liver.
D) Disaccharides are digested to monosaccharides by enzymes attached to intestinal cells.

Question 38

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

A) stomach with gastric lipase.
B) stomach with salivary amylase.
C) mouth with salivary amylase.
D) small intestine with pancreatic amylase.

Question 39

In the U.S. diet, carbohydrate supplies approximately what percentage of total kilocalies?

A) 15%
B) 35%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 40

The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called

A) biosynthesis.
B) anabolism.
C) photosynthesis.
D) glycogenesis.

Question 41

The main function of glucose is to

A) serve as raw material to build tissue.
B) work with enzymes to carry out chemical reactions.
C) repair tissue.
D) supply energy.

Question 42

Starch is comprised of hundreds and perhaps thousands of which molecule?

A) Fructose
B) Glycerol
C) Glucose
D) Galactose

Question 43

Those with lactose intolerance usually can consume all the following except

A) small servings of milk products.
B) some cheeses.
C) yogurt containing active cultures.
D) milk shakes made with skim milk.

Question 44

Which of the following is not true of dietary fibers?

A) They are mostly polysaccharides.
B) The bonds between sugar units cannot be broken by human digestive enzymes.
C) They cannot be absorbed by the small intestine.
D) They are absorbed in the large intestine.

Question 45

Viscous (soluble) fibers

A) increase stool size significantly.
B) are not readily fermented by intestinal bacteria.
C) do not dissolve in water.
D) can lower blood cholesterol.

Question 46

Which of the following hmones crects a hyperglycemic state?

A) Insulin
B) Epinephrine
C) Cortisol
D) Glucagon

Question 47

The glycemic load takes into account the glycemic index of the food and the amount of

A) carbohydrate consumed.
B) glucose absorbed.
C) insulin released from the pancreas.
D) glycogen stored.

Question 48

F which of the following is glucose most critical as an energy source?

A) Muscles
B) Brain
C) Liver
D) Heart

Question 49

Which of the following hmones is released during stressful times to increase blood glucose levels, making me energy available f use?

A) Insulin
B) Epinephrine
C) Glycogen
D) Progesterone

Question 50

Amylose is

A) a long, straight glucose chain.
B) branched glucose chains.
C) a long, straight fatty acid chain.
D) branched amino acid chains.

Question 51

Which of the following is not a viscous (soluble) fiber?

A) Lignin
B) Gums
C) Pectin
D) Mucilages

Question 52

Glycogen is

A) a highly branched polysaccharide.
B) stored in the absence of dietary carbohydrate.
C) a straight chain of glucoses linked together.
D) a hormone for blood glucose regulation.

Question 53

The maj stage sites f glycogen are

A) muscles and liver.
B) kidney and muscles.
C) liver and kidney.
D) liver and pancreas.

Question 54

Which gan will first receive sugars after they are absbed into the blood?

A) Kidney
B) Heart
C) Liver
D) Pancreas

Question 55

Which of the following has the most starch?

A) 1 medium orange
B) 1 cup of kidney beans
C) 8 fluid ounces of milk
D) 4 ounces of meat

Question 56

You are on a diet and eating less than 50 grams of carbohydrate per day. The claim made in the diet educational materials is that carbohydrate is the main culprit in being overweight, so it must be restricted. Which of the following will happen as a result of this low carbohydrate diet?

A) Proteins in muscles, heart, and other vital organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs.
B) Fat will be broken down and used as the exclusive fuel, leading to considerable fat loss and little health risk.
C) Ketones will be produced from partial protein metabolism to be used for energy.
D) Fat will be broken down and converted to glucose that will be used as the primary energy source.

Question 57

Which of the following hmones is released to crect a hypoglycemic state?

A) Insulin
B) Testosterone
C) Estrogen
D) Glucagon

Question 58

When insulin is released, it causes

A) the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood.
B) muscle and fat cells to increase glucose uptake.
C) fat breakdown in fat tissue.
D) the liver to make glycogen from protein.

Question 59

Dietary fibers primarily are

A) polysaccharides.
B) polypeptides.
C) disaccharides.
D) monosaccharides.

Question 60

Which of the following is not a nonfermentable (insoluble) fiber?

A) Cellulose
B) Hemicellulose
C) Gum
D) Lignin

Question 61

The most imptant dietary approach f the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is to

A) lose body fat.
B) eat regular meals.
C) maintain a constant ratio of carbohydrate to protein to fat throughout the day.
D) avoid sugar.

Question 62

The Wld Health ganization recommends limiting added sugar intake to ______ percent of our total kilocalies.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25

Question 63

Which of the following breakfasts would be highest in carbohydrate?

A) Grapefruit half, 2 fried eggs, 3 bacon slices, 1 slice of toast with butter, coffee
B) 8 ounces orange juice, 2 cups Cream of Wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, English muffin with jelly, 1 cup whole milk
C) 8 ounces orange juice, 2 bran muffins, 8 ounces nonfat yogurt, coffee
D) 1 cup whole milk, 2 ounces sausage, 2 fried eggs, 1 slice of toast with butter

Question 64

When eating a high-fiber diet, one should

A) restrict fluid intake.
B) not be concerned about consuming large amounts.
C) avoid foods that are not whole grain.
D) increase fluid intake.

Question 65

Sucralose (Splenda®) is made by adding

A) lactose to sucrose.
B) chlorines to sucrose.
C) sucrose to galactose.
D) sucrose to glucose.

Question 66

Which of the following is not characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

A) Arises most commonly in adulthood
B) Associated with a tendency to develop ketosis
C) Sometimes caused by viral infection
D) Has a genetic link

Question 67

Sucralose (Splenda®) is ______ times sweeter than sucrose.

A) 100
B) 250
C) 500
D) 600

Question 68

Medical conditions related to metabolic syndrome are

A) type 1 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer.
B) type 1 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke.
C) type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke.
D) type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer.

Question 69

Dietary fiber may play a key role in the prevention of which cancer?

A) Colon
B) Liver
C) Pancreatic
D) Stomach

Question 70

If you had the condition phenylketonuria, which should you not use?

A) Stevia
B) Aspartame
C) High fructose corn syrup
D) Saccharin

Question 71

Which of the following foods would have the most fiber?

A) Kidney beans
B) English muffins made with enriched flour
C) Orange juice
D) Corn flakes

Question 72

Which of the following is not a metabolic syndrome risk indicat?

A) High blood pressure
B) High HDL cholesterol
C) Elevated glucose
D) Elevated triglycerides

Question 73

All of the following are characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus except

A) arises most commonly in adulthood.
B) caused by insensitivity of fat and muscle cells to insulin.
C) often associated with obesity.
D) the least common form of diabetes.

Question 74

Which of the following is not a rich source of viscous (soluble) fibers?

A) Fruits
B) Oatmeal
C) Whole wheat bread
D) Legumes

Question 75

What is the minimum number of grams of carbohydrate, per day, humans must consume to avoid ketosis?

A) 75
B) 100
C) 130
D) 250

Question 76

A reasonable and recommended goal f daily dietary fiber intake is how many grams?

A) 10 to 12
B) 15 to 30
C) 20 to 34
D) 25 to 38

Question 77

John Fibernugget wants to increase his fiber intake. Which of the following would be the safest way f him do this?

A) Eating enriched grains such as Rice Krispies and Saltines
B) Buying bran and fiber supplements to add to his current diet
C) Reading the labels of grain products and buying those labeled "wheat flour"
D) Eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels