Deck 5: Learning Disabilities

Question 1

All of the following are basic psychological processes except

A)behavior
B)listening
C)speaking
D)thinking

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Most students with learning disabilities have problems with

A)attention
B)hyperactivity
C)reading
D)written language

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following terms is considered obsolete by the NJCLD?

A)dyslexia
B)dysgraphia
C)learned helplessness
D)perceptual impairments

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true regarding students with learning disabilities and written language?

A)Some of their difficulties are due to confusion about spelling.
B)Their written language deficits reflect their weak language base.
C)They spend a large amount of time planning their writing.
D)They tend to rewrite compositions several times.

Question 5

One advantage of the response to intervention approach to identifying students with learning disabilities is

A)it is simpler to use
B)it is less time-consuming
C)it is preferred by teachers and parents
D)it results in early identification and prevention

Question 6

Current research on behavior problems and students with learning disabilities indicates that

A)they engage in more risk-taking behaviors
B)they are immature and over dependent on adults
C)their negative behaviors are caused by hyperactivity
D)their negative behaviors are caused by academic deficits

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT identified,by the author of your textbook ,as likely to improve the math performance of students with learning disabilities?

A)discovery learning
B)fluency training
C)guided practice
D)systematic instruction

Question 8

In what year was the category of learning disabilities first included in IDEA?

A)1963
B)1975
C)1980
D)1990

Question 9

Children who are unsuccessful with interventions that work for other struggling readers have difficulty with both

A)decoding and word recall
B)decoding and reading comprehension
C)phonological awareness and visual naming speed
D)phonological awareness and auditory processing speed

Question 10

Mrs.O'Cain asks Travis to identify the middle sound in the word hit.Which phonemic awareness skill does this task involve?

A)isolating sounds
B)manipulating sounds
C)orally blending sounds
D)segmenting a word into sounds

Question 11

Carter is having difficulty learning to read.Although he is in third grade,his teacher says that he does not seem to have a conscious understanding that language is made up of sounds.Carter has a deficit in

A)attention
B)phonological awareness
C)reading comprehension
D)word recall

Question 12

What is the defining characteristic of students with learning disabilities?

A)severe reading problems
B)poor memory and attention
C)difficulty understanding and using language
D)specific and significant achievement deficits in spite of adequate intelligence

Question 13

Which of the following statements about math skills and students with learning disabilities is NOT accurate?

A)Math skills plateau by the age of 10 or 12.
B)Students with learning disabilities are fluent in recalling number facts.
C)Students with learning disabilities have difficulty solving story problems.
D)Their math skills typically improve by 1 year for every 2 years in school.

Question 14

Mrs.Fonzi just attended a workshop on explicit instruction.She is trying to make her lessons more explicit.Her lesson focuses on rhyming words.What would be the first step in making the lesson more explicit?

A)providing guided practice using words that rhyme and don't rhyme
B)providing independent practice activities that focus on rhyming words
C)modeling examples of rhyming words and explaining why they rhyme
D)reading The Cat in the Hat and asking students to identify rhyming words

Question 15

Which of the following students would not qualify as learning disabled according to the federal definition?

A)Ashley,a student with dyslexia
B)Blake,a student with cerebral palsy
C)Carmen,a student with perceptual problems
D)Damien,a student with developmental aphasia

Question 16

What is a drawback to using a discrepancy approach to identifying children with learning disabilities?

A)It is a subjective approach.
B)It is a wait and fail approach.
C)Test scores don't represent actual performance.
D)Too few students are being identified as learning disabled.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about explicit instruction is not accurate?

A)It shortens learning time.
B)It is most effective in teaching students to read.
C)It is fundamental for students acquiring math skills.
D)It makes the student responsible for learning throughout the process.

Question 18

How Mrs.Morales spends time each day teaching her first grade students how letters and combinations of letters represent small segments of speech called phonemes is known as

A)fluency
B)segmentation
C)phonemic awareness
D)the alphabetic principle

Question 19

The most common way to identify a severe discrepancy between expected and actual achievement is

A)interviewing parents
B)observing the student in various classes and comparing performance
C)comparing student scores on IQ tests with scores on an achievement test
D)comparing student scores on reading and math tests with those of peers in the same grade

Question 20

The NJCLD definition of learning disabilities is different from the IDEA definition in that

A)it pertains to school-age children only
B)social difficulties are recognized as a learning disability
C)a specific formula for calculating a discrepancy score is provided
D)central nervous system dysfunction is presumed to the cause of learning disabilities

Question 21

Mr.Romano teaches his students to think of the acronym HOMES to remember the names of the five great lakes.What type of mnemonic device is this?

A)a cryptic strategy
B)a keyword method
C)a letter strategy
D)a pegword method

Question 22

Mr.Carson is a middle school science teacher in an inclusive classroom.He wants all of his students to be successful,so he plans and sequences instruction to show the commonalities and differences between old and new knowledge.Which principle of effective instructional design does this exemplify?

A)big ideas
B)conspicuous strategies
C)primed background knowledge
D)strategic integration

Question 23

One of the major concerns about using RTI to identify those in need of special education is that

A)culturally diverse students are overlooked
B)professionals are resistant to this approach
C)it takes longer to identify students who need services
D)interventions are not implemented with fidelity in many classrooms

Question 24

A special form of direct daily measurement in which instructional decisions are based on changes in the frequency of student performance is known as

A)acceleration
B)CBM
C)precision teaching
D)tertiary intervention

Question 25

Neuroimaging research has indicated that students with dyslexia have differences in the brain structure or functioning in the

A)cerebral cortex
B)corpus callosum
C)frontal lobe
D)left temporal lobe

Question 26

Which of the following is not true of content enhancement?

A)It may involve teaching mnemonics.
B)It includes a wide array of teaching techniques
C)It may increase the complexity of the curriculum.
D)It requires the teacher to simultaneously teach content and how to learn the content.

Question 27

Larry scored below basic level on a statewide achievement test; however,his teacher has evidence that he has made small incremental improvements in both reading fluency and comprehension this year.Which type of assessment is likely to provide this evidence?

A)criterion-referenced assessment
B)curriculum-based measurement
C)norm-referenced assessment
D)summative assessment

Question 28

Criterion-referenced tests are most useful for

A)diagnosing a learning disability
B)determining what skills a student has learned
C)measuring small changes in achievement over time
D)Comparing a student's achievement with that of peers of the same age

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of curricula that includes explicit instruction?

A)Everyday Mathematics
B)Reading Mastery
C)Rigby Literacy
D)The Blueford Series

Question 30

Which of the following service options for students with learning disabilities is the most restrictive?

A)consultation
B)general education classroom
C)resource room
D)separate classroom

Question 31

On average,how many students does a resource teacher serve?

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Question 32

Which of the following is not a typical responsibility of a resource teacher?

A)assisting general educators with program planning
B)teaching social skills to students with learning disabilities
C)teaching learning strategies to students with learning disabilities
D)writing lesson plans for general educators who teach students with learning disabilities

Question 33

An environmental agent suspected as a cause of learning disabilities is

A)poverty
B)food allergies
C)heredity
D)vitamin deficiency

Question 34

Mrs.Cooper prepares handouts for her students with learning disabilities to help them understand her lecture.The handouts contain an outline of lecture content and include spaces for writing key facts,concepts,or relationships.This is an example of

A)a graphic organizer
B)guided notes
C)prescribed notes
D)strategic note taking

Question 35

Special educators can help students with learning disabilities succeed in general education classes by

A)providing assistance with homework
B)providing assistance with assessments
C)teaching them basic skills in the resource room
D)teaching them behaviors that general educators value

Question 36

Which of the four suspected causes of learning disabilities is the least credible today?

A)heredity
B)environmental agents
C)biochemical imbalance
D)brain damage or dysfunction

Question 37

Which of the following statements about DIBELS is not accurate?

A)It is a summative evaluation.
B)It measures reading fluency.
C)It is used to monitor early reading skills.
D)It can identify children who are likely to become deficient readers.

Question 38

What percentage of school-aged students with disabilities have learning disabilities?

A)4.4%
B)23.2%
C)42.3 %
D)62.5%

Question 39

Which of the following is a criterion-referenced test commonly used by special educators?

A)Brigance Comprehensive Inventory of Basic Skills
B)Iowa Tests of Basic Skills
C)Peabody Individual Achievement Test
D)Stanford Diagnostic Mathematics Test

Question 40

Studies on educational placement and its effect on the self-concept of students with learning disabilities concluded that

A)placement did not have a major influence on self-concept
B)placement in resource rooms generally enhanced self-concept.
C)placement in inclusive classrooms generally enhanced self-concept
D)placement in segregated classrooms had a negative effect on self-concept

Question 41

Which of the six principles of effective instructional design provide temporary support for students to learn new material and is then faded over time? Explain how it helps with learning.

Question 42

Explain any one of the major dangers of placing too much emphasis on theories linking LD to brain damage or dysfunction.

Question 43

Give a brief description of the relationship between heredity and/or genetics and reading disability.

Question 44

What is the defining characteristic of students with learning disabilities?

Question 45

The response to intervention approach in the field of learning disabilities focuses on _______ and ______.Explain these two areas of focus.

Question 46

List four of Grossen's (2004)six principles for early reading instruction.

Question 47

Children with minor learning difficulties are probably learning disabled.

Question 48

The federal definition of learning disabilities has been universally accepted.

Question 49

Teaching a child what sound each letter makes is an example of which of the six principles of early reading instruction?

Question 50

A grade level score of 2.5 on a norm-referenced reading test means that a student cannot read third grade textbooks.

Question 51

In some ways,learning disabilities has brought out the best and worst that special education has to offer.

Question 52

Theoretically,over 500,000 combinations of cognitive or socioemotional problems can be exhibited by a person with a learning disability.

Question 53

Explain why predictable text is not useful for a child who needs to improve word-recognition skills.

Question 54

About 75% of students with learning disabilities experience social problems.

Question 55

In most cases,the cause of a learning disability is unknown.

Question 56

Name two early environmental variables that influence achievement in school.

Question 57

IDEA regulations contain a specific formula for determining a severe discrepancy.

Question 58

What is the appropriate placement for a student with learning disabilities?

Question 59

Children usually outgrow learning disabilities.

Question 60

The number of students identified as learning disabled has decreased in recent years.