Deck 2: Understanding Families Through Research and Theory

Question 1

A(n) ________ is a characteristic that is measured in a study.

A) element
B) focus point
C) variable
D) tangent

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In general, the term "ethics" refers to what?

A) people's perception of truth
B) the principals or standards of people's conduct, or the principals of right and good
C) strength of personality
D) certain laws that govern relationships during interpersonal discourse

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The ________ methodology involves study of either a single person or a small group of people.

A) case study
B) sample
C) elemental study
D) case work

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The term "validity" speaks to what?

A) the level of reality that is represented in a study
B) the relevance of the topic to the reader
C) the extent that a researcher is able to provide an empirical definition that reflects the true meaning of the construct being considered
D) the depth of research studied in the literature review

Question 5

Because initial research hypotheses may involve many unknowns at the outset, researchers often need to refine their investigation by doing an exhaustive search of the existing research studies related to their topic of inquiry. This is referred to as what?

A) a literature review
B) an exhaustive preparation
C) pre-planning
D) literature prep

Question 6

A _________ is a general principle that is used to understand or to explain certain events or family experiences, such as family communication or family crisis.

A) framework
B) hypothesis
C) population
D) theory

Question 7

At the core of this theory is the notion that conflict is normal and expected in families and in society. Thus, to understand families, this theory maintains that we need to understand the sources of conflict and the sources of power.

A) Family Systems Theory
B) Symbolic Interaction Theory
C) Family Development Theory
D) none of the above

Question 8

________ or "fishing" refers to the practice of devising the purposes of the research or formulating a research hypothesis after the data are gathered and analyzed.

A) Data churning
B) Data burning
C) Datizing
D) Pre-disposing

Question 9

At the outset of the research, researchers create _________ that describe or characterize the constructs (concepts) that are being studied. As the research progresses, the these may need to be refined.

A) samples
B) elemental points
C) defining terms
D) operational definitions

Question 10

A(n) ________ is a speculative statement about a variable or the relationship between variables in a study. In a sense, these are predictions about the variables that will be measured in the study.

A) intuition
B) hypothesis
C) prediction
D) pretense

Question 11

This theory is concerned with the many social and cultural contexts that impact and influence family living. These contexts include those that exert immediate influences on the family, such as schools, churches or temples, and neighborhoods.

A) Ecological Theory
B) Symbolic Interaction Theory
C) Social Exchange Theory
D) Conflict Theory

Question 12

By collecting survey responses from a group of people, researchers can sometimes infer conclusions based on study data and extend them to the larger population. This group is called a ________.

A) sample
B) focus group
C) research group
D) research point

Question 13

In probability sampling, the notion of ________, or the degree to which the characteristics of the population are represented by the sample, is key.

A) randomness
B) sample accuracy
C) characteristic propriety
D) representativeness

Question 14

The entire group of people who share a common experience or characteristic under academic examination is called a(n) ________.

A) crew
B) sample
C) element
D) population

Question 15

The term ________ means to study thoroughly through the process of scholarly or scientific inquiry.

A) research
B) theory
C) hypothesis
D) population

Question 16

The process by which social science researchers formulate questions concerning social and individual phenomena and seek out answers is called what?

A) social science research
B) the scientific method
C) referencing
D) the investigation method

Question 17

The _________ is the percentage of the study subjects who respond to a survey.

A) qualified percentage
B) response rate
C) application rate
D) response ratio

Question 18

________ research is the scholarly discipline used to examine human society and relationships.

A) Psychology
B) Neo-theology
C) Social structure
D) Social science

Question 19

While research ethics is concerned with the relationship between the researcher and the research subjects, ________ is concerned with the relationship between researchers and the truth in reporting their findings.

A) research morality
B) research foundation
C) research integrity
D) research standard

Question 20

This theory divides the experiences of family into phases, or stages, of normative changes associated with family growth and development, such as the birth of children and the launching of these children into early adulthood.

A) Family Systems Theory
B) Family Development Theory
C) Conflict Theory
D) Social Exchange Theory

Question 21

A literature review is a speculative statement about a variable or the relationship between variables in a study.

Question 22

Aside from the drawback of being time-consuming to the researcher, case study methodology findings may be limited in that they are not typically generalizable to the larger population.

Question 23

This theoretical perspective views the inequality and oppression of women as a result of sexism-the belief that men are superior and women are inferior. These feminists focus their efforts on issues of equal opportunity, such as in the workplace and in education.

A) lesbian feminist theory
B) radical feminist theory
C) Marxist feminist theory
D) liberal feminist theory

Question 24

This theory is one that embraces the conflict approach to understanding and analyzing the roles of marriage and family in perpetuating inequalities in the male/female relationships. Because most societies the world over promote male domination in the home and in the workplace, it focuses on the plight of women.

A) feminist theory
B) lesbian theory
C) political maternalism
D) matriarchal theory

Question 25

The "response rate" is the percentage of the study subjects who respond to the survey. In order to be considered an adequate study, it must have a response rate of at least 90 percent.

Question 26

As the task-oriented mate, a husband is assigned responsibility for being primary breadwinner and protector against imbalance or disequilibrium. In Parsons' functionalist view of the family, this is an example of a(n) _________.

A) expressive role
B) fictive role
C) instrumental role
D) natural role

Question 27

According to Talcott Parsons, in order for functions to contribute to the overall good of the society, they must adhere to ________, or patterns of role arrangement.

A) structures
B) templates
C) quilts
D) foundations

Question 28

According to this viewpoint, the universal oppression that women experience is a result of patriarchy (male-dominated society). Violence against women is another consequence of patriarchy.

A) women-of-color feminist theory
B) Marxist feminist theory
C) radical feminist theory
D) lesbian feminist theory

Question 29

Observation research can take place either in a laboratory or in a more natural setting.

Question 30

A particular strength with relying on our common sense and logic is that everyone sees things differently based on different value systems, political beliefs, religious beliefs-the very values and beliefs that provide the lens through which we view our social environments.

Question 31

This family theory concerns itself with how people form and share meanings in their communication efforts. This theory's primary focus is the use of symbols to convey meaning through verbal and non-verbal communication.

A) Family Development Theory
B) Conflict Theory
C) Social Exchange Theory
D) Symbolic Interaction Theory

Question 32

Before researchers pose a research question or hypothesis, they must first have a clear understanding of the problem and a clear vision of their objective.

Question 33

A social scientist should collect, process, and analyze the data prior to the planning of the total research design.

Question 34

In short, this theory maintains that people weigh costs and rewards before they act on a decision-we engage in behavior in which our rewards are maximized and our costs are minimized.

A) Social Exchange Theory
B) Family Systems Theory
C) Conflict Theory
D) Ecological Theory

Question 35

Social science research is the scholarly discipline used to examine human society and relationships.

Question 36

At the outset of the research, researchers create operational definitions that describe or characterize the constructs (concepts) that are being studied. As the research progresses, these may need to be refined.

Question 37

Non-probability samples are selected randomly.

Question 38

According to the conflict perspective, _________ is a defining trait built in to any society or culture. Dominant and subordinate groups and classes within a society are always in competition for the society's limited resources and for whatever the society deems important.

A) stress
B) inequality
C) functionality
D) structure

Question 39

The ________Theory concentrates on the interactions between family members, and it views the family as an interconnected group of individual members-individual family members' behaviors affect and are affected by other family members' behaviors.

A) Symbolic Interaction
B) Family Development
C) Conflict
D) Family Systems

Question 40

According to Karl Marx's observations, European societies were comprised of two distinct classes of people. This class was subordinate to the demands of the ruling class.

A) capitalists
B) plebian
C) proletariat
D) democratic

Question 41

While women's studies courses and degree programs have been offered at American universities and colleges for the past 30 years, the same is not true of men's studies.

Question 42

Briefly define Women-of-Color feminist theory.

Question 43

Define confounding variables.

Question 44

Despite being considered obsolete by some scholars, other academics believe that structural-functionalism still governs much of today's study of family sociology and family life.

Question 45

What has been the most popular criticism of Parsons' perspective, structural-functionalism?

Question 46

In the text, seven elements of research integrity are given. Please list four.

Question 47

Briefly define Lesbian Feminist theory.

Question 48

Please explain why "reality" television may not be a good model of observation research. Why is it not a good method for social science research?

Question 49

Novice readers of research literature mistakenly assume the discussion section portrays a precise interpretation of the results section.

Question 50

An experimental design is comprised of two groups. Please list and describe them.

Question 51

Today, no single portrait portrays the essence of "manhood" or "fatherhood," because men and their roles in society and the family are multifaceted, complex, and ever-changing.

Question 52

The text lists five types of feminist theory. What are they?

Question 53

In what ways can observation research be executed?

Question 54

In order to fully interpret the meaning of statistical data, it is not necessary for consumers of the literature to understand the composition of the study participants.

Question 55

Briefly describe Marxist feminist theory.

Question 56

Describe the "survey" research method.

Question 57

In brief and general terms, compare and contrast probability sampling and non-probability sampling.

Question 58

With regards to structural-functionalism, compare/contrast the concepts of instrumental role and expressive role.

Question 59

Much like building a house, a solid investigative design plan moves researchers systematically through each step as they look for answers to their initial questions. What are the general steps of the research process?

Question 60

What kind of a response rate is desirable in order for a survey to be considered successful?

Question 61

The text outlines seven points of research integrity. Please name four.

Question 62

Researchers Sellitz, Wrightsman, and Cook (1976) described three purposes of using observational research. Please list and briefly explain each.

Question 63

Once research is complete, in what ways might one apply his or her research findings?

Question 64

What is a "research question" and why is it important? In your answer, please include a discussion of the following terms: literature review, hypothesis, hypothesis testing.

Question 65

What are the primary drawbacks of surveys and questionnaires?