Deck 4: Gender in Todays Society

Question 1

The way in which we internalize and incorporate specific gendered behaviors and expectations are called gender ________.

A) schemas
B) schemes
C) assumptions
D) stereotypes

Answer 1

A

Question 2

________ refers to how one accepts the culture's prescribed gender roles; how an individual adapts the expected gender to role to his/her identity. It is subjective to the individual.

A) Gender presentation
B) Gender role
C) Gender identity
D) Gender stereotypes

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The testes produce ________, the masculinizing sex hormones.

A) progesterones
B) estrogens
C) prostogens
D) androgens

Answer 3

D

Question 4

________ encompass the cultural beliefs about "what" gender roles are and "how" these roles should be enacted. They tend to reflect culture's belief about the ways in which men and women behave.

A) Gender stereotypes
B) Gender roles
C) Gender presentations
D) Gender identities

Question 5

_________ can be thought of as the sum of our developmental and lifecourse experiences. The experience of this is culturally defined, rather than biologically determined.

A) Gender
B) Sex
C) Orientation
D) Role

Question 6

________ is a disorder that is characterized by an abnormality on the X sex chromosome, typically passed down from the mother in two-thirds of all cases. The developing fetus' body is rendered incapable of responding to the androgens that are produced by the body; a baby affected with this disorder is born with external genitalia that appears to be female -and in all likelihood will be raised as a "girl."

A) Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
B) Mullerian syndrome
C) Klinefelter's syndrome
D) Turner's syndrome

Question 7

________ refers to how an individual presents his or her gender identity through personality, habits, and behaviors.

A) Gender roles
B) Gender identity
C) Gender stereotypes
D) Gender presentation

Question 8

________ refers to the specific messages and practices we receive from our culture concerning the nature of being a male or a female, of being feminine or masculine.

A) Gender role
B) Gender socialization
C) Gender attribution
D) Gender presentation

Question 9

_______ refers to the idea that men are superior to women, and that men are socially and physically dominating.

A) Hegemony
B) Sexism
C) Machismo
D) Virility

Question 10

________ refers to biological traits that distinguish males from females, such as the internal and external reproductive anatomy, chromosomes, hormones, and other physiological characteristics.

A) Gender
B) Sex
C) Form
D) Physiology

Question 11

Behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that culture deems appropriate for males and females are known as ________.

A) gender roles
B) gender identity
C) gender presentation
D) gender stereotypes

Question 12

Every culture also has an ideal, dominant standard of masculinity to which men are to aim. This is referred to as _____.

A) ideal masculinity
B) preferred masculinity
C) hegemonic masculinity
D) hermeneutic masculinity

Question 13

________ are the explicitly expressed and implicitly implied behaviors, feelings, attributes, and traits that society expects of the male or the female.

A) Gender traits
B) Gender expectations
C) Gender roles
D) Gender stereotypes

Question 14

________ occurs when one of the two X sex chromosomes is completely or partially absent. This disorder affects females only. These babies are sometimes called "X0" babies (meaning an X and a zero, or no other chromosome), rather than "XX" babies.

A) Turner's syndrome
B) Klinefelter's syndrome
C) Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)
D) Wolffian syndrome

Question 15

Societal roles are ________, meaning that differences are assigned to each biological sex.

A) segmented
B) gendered
C) sexualized
D) intersexed

Question 16

The ________ sex chromosome combination results in a "female" genetic blueprint for the developing embryo, while the ________ sex chromosome combination results in a "male" genetic blueprint.

A) XXY; XYY
B) XY; XX
C) XX; XO
D) XX; XY

Question 17

________ is a genetic disorder in which an extra X chromosome is present, resulting in an XXY chromosomal pattern. While the internal reproductive organs and external genitalia develop normally, a male affected by this disorder will have smaller-than-normal testes and will not produce sperm.

A) Mullerian syndrome
B) Turner's syndrome
C) Klinefelter's syndrome
D) Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)

Question 18

_______ is a socially/culturally constructed set of beliefs, values, and opinions that shape manly character, or manliness.

A) Masculinity
B) Gender stereotype
C) Man-type
D) Hegemonic example

Question 19

An ________ is someone who is anatomically somewhere along the continuum between male and female.

A) intersexual
B) homosexual
C) transsexual
D) transvestite

Question 20

Researchers have recently attempted to identify five categories of femininity attributes. Which of the following is NOT one?

A) caretaking
B) sexuality
C) purity
D) emotionality

Question 21

The women in a television ad are model-attractive, blonde, and overt in their sexual availability. In another ad, the men are rugged, successful, and sensitive. These are examples of ________ in advertising.

A) gender stereotypes
B) gender schemas
C) gender objective
D) gender roles

Question 22

Well before kindergarten, children know differences exist between boys and girls. According to Kohlberg (1966), around the age of three children become keenly aware that they biologically are male or female. What phase of gender understanding does this illustrate?

A) gender constancy
B) gender stability
C) gender identity
D) gender education

Question 23

________ refers to our intuitive sense of our maleness or our femaleness, our internal feelings of what it is to be a man or a woman.

A) Gender intuition
B) Gender schema
C) Gender identity
D) Gender role

Question 24

The Hijras of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh illustrate the concept of ________ cultures.

A) foreign
B) androgynous
C) Hindu
D) third-world

Question 25

A cross-dresser is an example of a ________.

A) transfemale
B) transsexual
C) homosexual
D) transvestite

Question 26

The concept of gender is simply a matter of biological attributes.

Question 27

________ refers to people who feel that their biologically assigned gender is a false or incomplete description of themselves.

A) Intersex
B) Homosexual
C) Non-gender
D) Transgender

Question 28

Gender is created by people's culture.

Question 29

The presence or absence of a penis does not make someone a male or a female.

Question 30

When referring to the concept of ________ , we mean that something either has no gender value assigned to it, or that a person possesses traits, behaviors, or characteristics that are typically associated with the opposite gender.

A) androgens
B) bland appropriation
C) androgyny
D) intersex

Question 31

The Hijras of Hindu culture have a separate social category-they are not male, they are not female.

Question 32

Within traditional black cultures, cooperation and the promotion of the collective good are promoted, as is group success.

Question 33

A person's sex is determined the moment the sperm and ovum fuse together in the process of fertilization.

Question 34

Kohlberg believed that ________ is achieved when children cognitively reach the understanding that biological "sex is a permanent attribute" that is associated with certain anatomical characteristics that cannot be changed.

A) gender constancy
B) gender identity
C) gender stability
D) gender awareness

Question 35

The XX sex chromosome combination results in a "male" genetic blueprint for the developing embryo.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT an example of sexual harassment?

A) A university freshman seeks help from her male teaching assistant (TA). After going over the course work, he suggests they go out to grab a bite to eat, indicating that her grades might improve if she got to know him better.
B) Upon a male student being late for class, a female professor quips in front of the entire class, "Perhaps you need to learn the art of quick love making."
C) A male student politely declines several requests of his female TA for a date. The female TA repeatedly sends email requests asking for a date, despite the male student repeatedly denying her requests.
D) All of the above are examples of sexual harassments.

Question 37

It is the absence of the testosterone that ultimately results in the creation of a female.

Question 38

Without question, the experience of maleness or femaleness is socially and culturally driven.

Question 39

While there are different types of inter-sex conditions, the root is always genetic.

Question 40

A ________ is a person whose sexual identity is opposite to their assignment at birth.

A) transsexual
B) homosexual
C) transgender
D) cross-dresser

Question 41

State the definition of sexual harassment as defined by the Equal Employment Opportunity commission (2004).

Question 42

Describe the current medical protocol in the medical management of ambiguous genitalia or inter-sexed children.

Question 43

The "equal protection doctrine" is taken from what government document?

Question 44

"Gender identity" and "sexual orientation" are synonymous.

Question 45

A transgenderist is a person who lives as a gender opposite to their biological sex.

Question 46

Bandura maintained that individuals learn behaviors through observation. What are the three main ways (according to Bandura) that behaviors are learned?

Question 47

Rather than emphasize the differences between men and women, cultural viewpoints almost always emphasize the similarities between men and women.

Question 48

Kohlberg suggested that children's conception of gender changes as their cognitive development progresses. He delineated three phases of gender understanding. What are they?

Question 49

Transvestitism is usually indicative of homosexuality.

Question 50

Briefly explain Disney entertainment's contribution to gender stereotypes.

Question 51

According to the cognitive development theory, a child must first gain a certain awareness or understanding about gender before social and environmental forces can influence a child's concept of gender.

Question 52

Define "sexual orientation."

Question 53

According to Bem, masculine behavior is thought to be task-oriented. The text lists ten traits that are indicative of masculine behavior. Name five of them.

Question 54

Compare/contrast "FTM" and "MTF" in regards to transgender behavior.

Question 55

What differentiates "nature" influences from "nurture" influences?

Question 56

Explain homosocial play and its significance with regards to gender.

Question 57

Gender-role development is defined as "the process whereby children come to acquire the behaviors, attitudes, interests, emotional reactions, and motives that are culturally defined as appropriate for members of their sex" (Perry & Bussey, 1984, p. 262). What is the main implication of this definition with regards to gender?

Question 58

What is "androgyny."

Question 59

There are three types of androgyny. Name them and give a brief description of each.

Question 60

How does gender come to be?

Question 61

According to the text, what are some ways that families can minimize gender role stereotypes in their living routines?

Question 62

Describe three examples of genderization in the media. These can be from any element of media (radio, TV, print, etc.).

Question 63

Skinner, Watson, and Pavlov were proponents of learning theory. Explain learning theory and provide examples to illustrate your explanation.

Question 64

Media Watch identifies five of the pervasive gender trends in film and television media. Name and describe three.

Question 65

Bandura maintained that there are three reciprocal, interacting components in acquiring any human behavior. List and briefly explain them. How does this element of Bandura's theory set him apart from earlier learning theorists?