Deck 10: Becoming Parents: Choices and Challenges

Question 1

_______ refers to the death of a fetus after the 20th week (fourth months) of pregnancy.

A) Miscarriage
B) Spontaneous abortion
C) Stillbirth
D) Misbirth

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The ________ is the average number of live births per woman, in a given population, per year.

A) crude birth rate
B) fertility rate
C) doula rate
D) actual crude rate

Answer 2

B

Question 3

_______ is the medical process in which donor sperm is placed into the woman's vagina, cervix, or uterus by a syringe.

A) Assisted reproductive technology
B) Artificial insemination
C) In vitro fertilization
D) Gamete intrafallopian transger

Answer 3

B

Question 4

________ involves manually manipulating the sperm and eggs, but instead of fertilizing the eggs in a dish, the unfertilized eggs and the male's sperm are placed in the woman's fallopian tubes.

A) In-vitro fertilization (IVF)
B) Surrogacy
C) Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
D) Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

Question 5

________ is a process whereby a woman's eggs are surgically removed from her ovary and mixed with a man's sperm in a laboratory culture dish.

A) Gamete intrafallopian transfer
B) In-vitro fertilization
C) Zygote intrafallopian transfer
D) Surrogacy

Question 6

This culture has the lowest teen birth rate in the United States.

A) White
B) American Indian
C) Hispanic
D) Asian/Pacific Islander

Question 7

These contraceptives provide a chemical or physical barrier between the sperm and the ovum.

A) hormone methods
B) emergency contraception
C) chemical methods
D) barrier methods

Question 8

When parents lose a child to death, or when they have a baby born with birth defects, they experience a cycle of grief and loss. During this part of the cycle, the parent often responds with withdrawal, eating, hysteria, talking, etc.

A) searching
B) recovery
C) maintenance
D) shock and panic

Question 9

A professional provider of labor support (emotional, physical, and informational) to women and their companions is called a _____.

A) douma
B) nurse practitioner
C) midwife
D) doula

Question 10

________ is a disease characterized by the build-up or migration of uterine tissue to other parts of the body (such as the ovaries or fallopian tubes).

A) Endometriosis
B) Pelvic inflammatory disease
C) HPV
D) HIV

Question 11

How many states currently allow gay and lesbian parents to legally adopt the biological children of their partner?

A) 20
B) 5
C) 15
D) 40

Question 12

A woman may desire to have a biological child, but for medical reasons she cannot sustain a pregnancy. For these women, IVF is performed; rather than having the embryos implanted into her uterus, however, the embryos are implanted into a another female, who carries the pregnancy to term. Upon birth, the baby is given to the biological parents. What form of ART is this?

A) surrogacy
B) GIFT
C) IVF
D) ZIFT

Question 13

How much can adoption typically cost?

A) $8,000 - $10,000
B) $15,000 - $25,000
C) $25,000 - $40,000
D) $10,000-$15,000

Question 14

Artificial insemination is _____.

A) a treatment that involves fertilization through the hands-on manipulation of the woman's ova and the male's sperm
B) a process whereby a woman's eggs are surgically removed from her ovary and mixed with a man's sperm in a laboratory culture dish
C) the medical process in which donor sperm is placed into the woman's vagina, cervix, or uterus via syringe
D) when the unfertilized eggs and the male's sperm are placed in the woman's fallopian tubes

Question 15

The ________ is the number of childbirths per 1,000 women, per year.

A) fertility rate
B) fertilization rate
C) crude birth rate
D) crude birth scale

Question 16

When parents lose a child to death, or when they have a baby born with birth defects, they experience a cycle of grief and loss. During this part of the cycle, the parent takes the intense emotions and begins to resolve them in positive ways. He/she integrates the hoped-for child with the real child-seeing the child's assets along with the disability.

A) searching
B) recovery
C) maintenance
D) shock and panic

Question 17

Any loss of a fetus or embryo before the fourth month of pregnancy is termed a _____.

A) miscarriage
B) stillbirth
C) birth defect
D) misbirth

Question 18

________ is caused by untreated sexually transmitted infections (i.e., gonorrhea and chlamydia). It renders 150,000 women per year infertile, making it the leading cause of infertility in young women.

A) Endometriosis
B) HPV
C) HAV
D) Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 19

This process requires the woman's eggs to be fertilized by the man's sperm in a laboratory culture dish. The fertilized egg is then placed immediately in the woman's fallopian tubes, rather than her uterus, allowing the conceptus to travel naturally to the uterus and implant.

A) in-vitro fertilization (IVF)
B) zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
C) surrogacy
D) gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

Question 20

________ refers to the absolute inability to reproduce, either because the woman has no uterus or ovaries, or the male has no testes or sperm production. No amount of medical intervention can help a sterile person reproduce. ________ is the inability to conceive a baby after trying for a period of one year.

A) Endometriosis/sterility
B) Infertility/sterility
C) Azoospermia/oligospermia
D) Sterility/infertility

Question 21

Most studies and theories about the motivation to become a parent center on the perspective that there are perceived rewards and costs associated with parenthood.

Question 22

During the next 12 months, 1 million teenagers will become pregnant.

Question 23

"Parenting the child would be rewarding." This statement is one of the _______ factors people consider before becoming parents.

A) isolation
B) commitment
C) continuity
D) enrichment

Question 24

Researchers have discovered that people most often desire to have children because of a focus for self-fulfillment, leisure time, relationship quality, career advancement, and greater financial freedom.

Question 25

Across life, the majority of individuals follow and relatively adhere to socially approved and shaped pathways, such as the "right" time to get married and the "right" time to have
Children. These proper times are referred to as _________.

A) timing elements
B) age-related norms
C) turning points
D) life transitions

Question 26

U.S. demographers do not consider gay or lesbian partnerships to be marriages.

Question 27

Generally speaking, the abortion pill (mifepristone) can be used up to ____ days after the first day of a woman's last menstrual period.

A) 63
B) 42
C) 90
D) 30

Question 28

One researcher found that couple relationships are more unstable during pregnancy due to the hormonal changes that take place in the woman.

Question 29

This method empties the uterus of a fertilized egg.

A) hormone methods
B) abortion pill
C) morning-after pill
D) barrier methods

Question 30

_______ refers to the age at which a transition takes place.

A) Timing
B) Life transition
C) Turning point
D) Timing moment

Question 31

"I would have less time to spend doing what I enjoy." This statement is one of the _______ factors people consider before becoming parents.

A) perceived support
B) commitment
C) isolation
D) enrichment

Question 32

Most women indicate the second trimester as a time of great sexual pleasure.

Question 33

Within psychology and family studies, a(n) _________ (such as the decision to become a parent) is considered to be a point at which people take on new roles and obligations.

A) life transition
B) timing moment
C) turning point
D) age-related norm

Question 34

By the ninth month, many women (and their partners) may lose interest in sex.

Question 35

Research into childlessness categorizes childless women in the several groups. Women from this group are not willing to, nor do they have a desire to, sacrifice money, energy, time, or themselves in rearing children.

A) emotional
B) idealistic
C) hedonists
D) practical

Question 36

Some research has demonstrated that bad memories of our childhood experiences have accounted for unique variances in why some men and women choose to have children, and others do not. These experiences underlie what is known as what?

A) family projection process
B) family rejection process
C) family forecast
D) negative family projection

Question 37

Approximately one-third of the problems associated with infertility are due to women's reproductive systems.

Question 38

"The child would be dependent on me." This statement is one of the _______ factors people consider before becoming parents.

A) perceived support
B) commitment
C) continuity
D) enrichment

Question 39

One reason research is seeing more births outside of marriage is the decrease in divorce rates.

Question 40

According to a recent study, lesbian mothers are less satisfied with their partners as co-parents than heterosexual mothers were with their husbands as co-parents.

Question 41

China is a good example of a natalist country.

Question 42

How does the sexual orientation of the adoptive parents factor into the child's sexual orientation?

Question 43

The Quiverfull movement is an antinatalist belief that is practiced among some evangelical Protestant Christian couples in the United States.

Question 44

Name the four methods of Assisted Reproductive Technology as listed in the text.

Question 45

Please explain the resource dilution hypothesis.

Question 46

Are there any medical risks for adolescent mothers? Explain.

Question 47

When parents have a baby born with a birth defect they are often overwhelmed by fears
and emotions. Human service providers, social workers, healthcare providers, and clergy encourage parents to

Question 48

What is one major factor that couples should consider before taking fertility drugs (in other words, what could potentially happen)?

Question 49

"QF" couples are often motivated by their biblical convictions. Explain.

Question 50

The text lists a number of factors that are associated with the unprecedented rates of births that occur outside of marriage. Name three.

Question 51

What are the medical risks of in-clinic abortion?

Question 52

When parents lose a child to death, or when they have a baby born with birth defects, they experience a cycle of grief and loss. Part of that cycle is known as the maintenance stage. Please explain.

Question 53

According to the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG), couples are encouraged to wait for 18 weeks before resuming intercourse.

Question 54

How have birth rates fared for 30 and 40 year old women over the last 30 years?

Question 55

What is pronatalism?

Question 56

According to a recent study, lesbian couples were more likely than straight couples to share childcare responsibilities and household duties.

Question 57

Researcher JoAnn Trybulski found in her interview of post-abortive women that abortion is a process that unfolds over time, and one that "may not be time limited in its effects and influences." Explain.

Question 58

Researchers from Finland made a key conclusion regarding couples who report high levels of conflict during pregnancy. What was it?

Question 59

How do hormone contraceptive methods work?

Question 60

Sex usually diminishes after childbirth and rarely rebounds.

Question 61

What are the developmental and socioeconomic risks for adolescent mothers?

Question 62

Discuss the limitations, restrictions, and recovery of sexuality following labor and delivery.

Question 63

Labor is divided into four stages. Please explain these stages.

Question 64

Research into childlessness categorizes childless women into four groups. Please list and explain.

Question 65

How does religion affect a person's fertility?