Deck 15: Family Change: Stress, Crisis, and Transition

Question 1

________ family crisis is when turbulence occurs due to the addition of a family member.

A) Demoralization plus dismemberment or accession
B) Dismemberment
C) Demoralization
D) Accession

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Emotional regulation strategies _____.

A) are aimed at directly attacking the stressor or changing the stressor
B) produce positive emotion in order to enforce optimism
C) help individuals and families change their perception, interpretation, and the meaning of the stressor
D) none of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

________ refers to the perception that we are, to a large extent, in control of our destiny.

A) Internal locus of control
B) External locus of control
C) Emotional locus of control
D) Physical locus of control

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Meaning-based coping strategies _____.

A) produce positive emotion in order to enforce optimism
B) are aimed at directly attacking the stressor or changing the stressor
C) help individuals and families change their perception, interpretation, and the meaning of the stressor
D) none of the above

Question 5

A ________ is typically an event that is forever life-altering, and that requires significant social and psychological adjustment.

A) perennial event
B) recurrent life event
C) life change event
D) adjustment event

Question 6

Demoralization family crisis describes crises that tend to bring disgrace to a family system.

A) Demoralization
B) Dismemberment
C) Accession
D) Demoralization plus dismemberment of accession

Question 7

This term refers to the imbalance between the demands an event places on a family, and that family's ability-or inability-to meet them.

A) eustress
B) stress fulcrum
C) family stress syndrome
D) family stress

Question 8

Bad or negative stress.

A) mal-stress
B) distress
C) eustress
D) non-stress

Question 9

Family stress theorist Pauline Boss (2003) notes that stress is oftentimes the result of family members being added or subtracted from the family system, and that the stress will remain until the structure is reorganized. This is an example of _____.

A) changes in structure
B) changes in family roles
C) changes in family rules
D) changes in family location

Question 10

The framework to help students of family life and professionals in the field of family studies better understand and appreciate the adaptive tasks and adjustments that families need to successfully navigate normative and non-normative life transitions and changes was created by whom?

A) Moos & Schaefer
B) McCubbin & Patterson
C) Reuben Hill
D) Lazarus and Cohen

Question 11

The ________ identified associations between life events and life transitions, and the impact of these events and transitions on individual physical health and well-being.

A) Social Readjustment Rating Scale
B) ABC-X Model of Family Stress
C) Power and Control Wheel
D) Double ABC-X Model of Family Stress

Question 12

Who developed the three-stage General Adaptation syndrome to describe the physiological responses to eustress and distress?

A) Pauline Boss
B) Evalyn Duvall
C) Virginia Satir
D) Hans Selye

Question 13

During this stage of stress response, the body continues to battle the stressor and remains in a continued state of elevated arousal. The increased levels of the stress steroids eventually begin to harm the individual's organs; because the immune system has remained on "high alert" for a prolonged period of time, it begins to weaken, placing the individual at a greater risk of becoming ill.

A) Alarm Reaction
B) Stage of Resistance
C) Fight-or-Flight
D) Exhaustion

Question 14

Who put forth the ABC-X Family Crisis Model?

A) McCubbin & Patterson
B) Rueben Hill
C) Karen Glanz
D) Romas and Sharma

Question 15

Stressors are considered to be either ________, meaning that they last a relatively short period of time, or ________ , indicating that the stressor is usually longer in duration.

A) chronic/acute
B) poignant/terminal
C) acute/chronic
D) acute/prolonged

Question 16

________ family crisis depicts the separation or isolation of an individual from the rest of his or her family.

A) Accession
B) Demoralization plus dismemberment or accession
C) Dismemberment
D) Demoralization

Question 17

This is also sometimes referred to the "interactional model" of stress.

A) ABC-X Model of Stress
B) Transactional Model of Stress
C) internal locus of control
D) Family Transactions Model of Stress

Question 18

________ refers to the perception that we cannot control what happens in some aspects of our lives.

A) Internal locus of control
B) Problem management strategy
C) External locus of control
D) Emotional locus

Question 19

Also known as positive, or productive, stress.

A) distress
B) prostress
C) in-stress
D) eustress

Question 20

Anything that elicits a physiological and/or psychological response to any stimuli is termed a _____.

A) stressor
B) eustress
C) distress
D) stress point

Question 21

Progressive desensitization entails venting anger, frustration, confusion, disappointment,
hatred, and despair in response to tragic or sudden and unexpected news.

Question 22

________ refers to a family's ability to function in a healthy fashion during times of change, stress, adversity, crisis, and transition.

A) Progressive desensitization
B) Resilience processes
C) Emotional discharge
D) Family resilience

Question 23

Approximately 1 in 4 American women have been physically or sexually abused by an intimate partner at some point during their lives.

Question 24

Tonight in this country alone, nearly ________ children will have witnessed the violence taking place in their homes.

A) 11,000
B) 3,500
C) 27,500
D) 19,000

Question 25

________ violence is violence that is perpetrated against family members by an offender who is related to the victim either biologically or legally, such as by marriage or through adoption.

A) Intrinsic
B) Domestic
C) Sexual
D) Emotional

Question 26

Statistically, child abuse comes mostly at the hands of _____.

A) the father alone
B) both parents
C) siblings
D) the mother alone

Question 27

Tonight in this country alone, nearly ________ women will find refuge in a domestic violence shelter as the result of having been severely abused by their male intimate partner.

A) 25,000
B) 14,000
C) 27,000
D) 6,000

Question 28

Each year there are over _______ incidents of intimate partner violence among gays, lesbians, bisexual, and transgender people.

A) 6,500
B) 2,500
C) 18,000
D) 45,000

Question 29

People who experienced daily hassles, such as those common to college students, were more likely to develop coughs and colds.

Question 30

In Hill's model, the X factor is the end product of the initiating event, the family's resources to cope with it, and the meaning they assign to it.

Question 31

Most child abuse comes in the form of _____.

A) physical abuse
B) sexual abuse
C) neglect
D) abandonment

Question 32

Most major life events or situational stressors are experienced in isolation.

Question 33

"He isn't cheating on me-I'm sure there is a reasonable explanation as to why they were together." This may be an example of cognitive avoidance.

Question 34

________ occurs when families attempt to reframe the life event or stressor in ways that are more favorable.

A) Cognitive redefinition
B) Appraisal-focused coping
C) Cognitive avoidance
D) Denial

Question 35

The family is a system of interrelated components.

Question 36

Fifteen percent of all acts of violence between intimate partners are perpetrated against men.

Question 37

Research puts forth the notion that it doesn't matter what event causes the stress; what matters instead is the meaning we attach to the stressor.

Question 38

This type of violence includes such acts as controlling the amount of contact a family member has with family and friends, name-calling, constant criticism, threats to leave the partner or throw them out, displays of intense jealousy/accusations that one is being unfaithful, controlling the spending and distribution of money, excessive rule-making, and threats of physical or sexual harm.

A) physical violence
B) sexual violence
C) emotional violence
D) verbal violence

Question 39

The central issues of domestic violence are _____.

A) anger and hate
B) control and domination
C) fear and manipulation
D) jealousy and hate

Question 40

White nuclear families are more immune to stress and transition than Latino stepfamilies.

Question 41

How does a family belief system affect a family's resilience in times of stress?

Question 42

What is "cognitive avoidance"? What is another name for it?

Question 43

Most instances of family violence result from an argument that gets out of hand and then escalates into physical blows.

Question 44

Women who have high self-esteem are more likely to be abused.

Question 45

In Hill's model, why are A factors said to be family-specific?

Question 46

What constitutes sexual violence?

Question 47

A family's belief system has little effect in how a stressor, such as the loss of a job, or a tragedy, such as the death of a child, is viewed.

Question 48

What are the three phases of violence in abusive relationships?

Question 49

Why did McCubbin and Patterson develop the "Double ABC-X Model"?

Question 50

In one word, what is "emotional discharge"?

Question 51

Briefly describe Hill's ABC-X Family Crisis Model and provide an example.

Question 52

The text offers two points of advice for young families to relieve financial stress. What are they?

Question 53

The B factor of Hill's model refers to how many resources the family has that will help them meet the demands of the stressor or crisis. What are some examples of what Hill means by this?

Question 54

What is the purpose of Moos and Schaefer's framework of family adaptive tasks?

Question 55

What role does spirituality play in a family's coping with stress and challenge?

Question 56

Name the major types of family coping skills that families tend to use in times of change and crisis.

Question 57

Each year over 3 million children experience some type of maltreatment or abuse by a caregiver, although experts believe these numbers are vastly underreported.

Question 58

What is "progressive desensitization"?

Question 59

Resigned acceptance refers to a family's ability to function in a healthy fashion during times of change, stress, adversity, crisis, and transition.

Question 60

"The family is a system of interrelated components." Briefly explain.

Question 61

Recall four basic assumptions of family systems theory and apply them each to the family crisis context.

Question 62

According to the transactional model of stress, the impact of the stressor is wholly dependent on our perception and appraisal of the stressor. Karen Glanz, a researcher for social and behavioral medicine, and her colleagues provide the three key concepts of the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. Please list and explain each one.

Question 63

Professor of psychological studies and victim advocate for battered women, Lenore Walker pioneered research that resulted in her Cycle of Violence model. What did she find? Please explain her model in detail.

Question 64

Name and describe Hans Selye's three-stage instrument to describe the physiological responses to eustress and distress.

Question 65

There are five major adaptive tasks families facing change encounter. To successfully adjust, families must: