Deck 11: Cash Flows and Capital Budgeting

Question 1

Opportunity costs should always be included in the cash flow calculations of a project.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The research and development costs to date of a project should be considered when analyzing the cash flows of a prospective project.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

BioGeological Pharmaceuticals invested $100 million on a heart drug that does not prevent heart disease. BioGeological has since found that the drug does prevent diabetes. When considering whether to market the drug as a diabetic panacea, the firm should consider the $100 million spent while investigating the heart-related effects.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Since our perspective when evaluating a project is that of all of the investors in the firm, creditors as well as stockholders, then we should evaluate the pretax cash flows produced by a project.

Question 5

The impact of a project on another project's cash flows should be ignored.

Question 6

Accounting earnings are a reliable measure of the costs and benefits of a project.

Question 7

Increases in working capital are considered cash flows associated with investments.

Question 8

The stand-alone principle says that we can treat a project as if it were a stand-alone firm that has its own revenue, expenses, and investment requirements.

Question 9

If a firm expects to increase its investment in inventory due to a prospective project, then this is an example of an incremental capital expenditure.

Question 10

Conceptually, free cash flows are what is left over for distribution to creditors and stockholders after the firm has made the necessary investments in working capital and long-term assets.

Question 11

The term incremental in the context of incremental after-tax free cash flows refers to the fact that the firm's total after-tax free cash flows will change if the new project is adopted.

Question 12

Incremental cash flow from operations is the cash flow from a project that is expected to be generated after all operating expenses and taxes have been paid.

Question 13

Nominal interest rates incorporate the expected rate of inflation.

Question 14

Allocated costs such as corporate overhead should be included in cash flow calculations.

Question 15

If taken without accompanying changes in cash flow, changes in a company's accounting earnings do not impact the overall value of the firm.

Question 16

The purchase of a factory building for a prospective project is an example of an incremental addition to working capital.

Question 17

Free cash flow equals cash flow from operations minus required investments.

Question 18

If you start with incremental net operating profits after tax (NOPAT) and add depreciation and amortization to it, then you will obtain incremental cash flow from operations.

Question 19

When analyzing a project, if the expected future cash flows are denominated in nominal dollars, then the discount rate should represent a nominal rate as well.

Question 20

Since our perspective when evaluating a project is that of all the shareholders only, then we should evaluate the after-tax cash flows produced by a project.

Question 21

Additions to tangible assets, intangible assets ,and current assets can be described as:

A) cash flows associated with investments.
B) operating cash flows.
C) free cash flows.
D) None of the above.

Question 22

The impact of a project on a firm's overall value depends on

A) a firm's accounting earnings.
B) a firm's cash flow.
C) a project's cash flow.
D) None of the above.

Question 23

The term ___________ refers to the fact that these cash flows reflect the amount by which the firm's total after-tax free cash flows will change if the project is adopted.

A) Periodic
B) ending cash flows
C) Incremental
D) None of the above.

Question 24

_________ refers to the cash flow that a project is expected to generate after all operating expenses and taxes have been paid.

A) Incremental cash flow from operations
B) Operating income
C) EBITDA
D) None of the above.

Question 25

If the salvage value, at the time of an asset disposition, is less than the book value of the asset, then the firm will effectively receive a positive cash flow from taxes on the sale.

Question 26

Terminal-year free cash flows may differ from the cash flows provided in the typical year of a project for reasons such as the return/repayment of increases/reductions in additional working capital in the prior years.

Question 27

The cash flows used in capital budgeting calculations are based on:

A) historical estimates.
B) forecasts of future cash revenues, expenses, and investment outlays.
C) forecasts of net income.
D) forecasts of retained earnings available for financing projects.

Question 28

The unadjusted NPV of two projects with different useful lives can be compared to evaluate which project is the better of the two.

Question 29

You own a uranium mine, and the price of uranium is expected to increase at a rate of 3 percent per year. The cost of capital for your firm is 15 percent, and you are evaluating whether or not to begin harvesting the element. The correct choice is to begin harvesting immediately if the current NPV of the project is positive.

Question 30

The MACRS depreciation tax schedule for three-year equipment provides a depreciation rate for a total of four years.

Question 31

You own a uranium mine, and the price of uranium is expected to increase at a rate of 3 percent per year. The cost of capital for your firm is 15 percent, and you are evaluating whether or not to begin harvesting the element. The correct choice is to begin harvesting immediately under all circumstances.

Question 32

The expected cash flows for a project are fixed amounts that have zero variability in the projected values.

Question 33

The firm's ____________ is used to calculate NOPAT because the profits from a project are assumed to be incremental to the firm.

A) average tax rate
B) marginal tax rate
C) lowest marginal tax rate
D) None of the above.

Question 34

The ___________ is intended to reconcile changes in the balance sheet cash accounts.

A) capital budgeting cash flow calculation
B) accounting statement of cash flows
C) accounting statement of income
D) None of the above.

Question 35

If the current market price of corn is $100 per bushel and the nominal rate of interest is 10 percent, then the real price of corn next period should also be $100.

Question 36

A progressive tax system means that a taxpayer will pay a higher tax rate for a given dollar of earnings for every successive year.

Question 37

The NPV of a project is estimated by:

A) discounting the expected cash flows of a project in the future.
B) discounting only the certain cash flows of a project in the future.
C) discounting the variance of the expected cash flows of a project in the future.
D) None of the above.

Question 38

In order to calculate free cash flow by starting with incremental cash flow from operations, we should

A) subtract the incremental capital expenditures and add the incremental additions to working capital.
B) add the incremental capital expenditures and the incremental additions to working capital.
C) subtract the incremental capital expenditures and the incremental additions to working capital.
D) None of the above.

Question 39

It is possible for a firm to have one depreciation schedule for tax purposes and another for financial reporting purposes.

Question 40

The idea that we can evaluate the cash flows from a project independently of the cash flows for the firm is known as:

A) the stand-alone principle.
B) the dependent principle.
C) the independent principle.
D) None of the above.

Question 41

Brown Mack, Inc., currently has two large manufacturing divisions that share a single plant. Brown Mack owns the plant but has calculated that $6 million of overhead expenses should be allocated to the two equal-sized divisions. If Brown Mack starts a third manufacturing division, of equal size to the other two divisions, then what overhead cost should the new division take into account on its capital budgeting cash flow analysis?

A) $0
B) $2 million
C) $3 million
D) $6 million

Question 42

If inflation is anticipated to be 10 percent during the next year while a nominal rate of 20 percent will be earned on U.S. Treasury bills, then what is the accurate real rate of return on these securities?(Round final percentage answer to decimal places.)

A) 20.05%
B) 10.01%
C) 9.09%
D) None of the above.

Question 43

The proper time to harvest an asset is when:

A) the percentage NPV increase of harvesting a project at a future point in time is at the last date where the increase is greater than the cost of capital.
B) the percentage NPV increase of harvesting a project at a future point in time is at the first date where the increase is less than the cost of capital.
C) the percentage NPV increase of harvesting a project at a future point in time is at the first date where the increase is greater than the cost of capital.
D) None of the above.

Question 44

A firm is considering taking a project that will produce $12 million of revenue per year. Cash expenses will be $5 million, and depreciation expenses will be $1 million per year. If the firm takes that project, then it will reduce the cash revenues of an existing project by $2 million. What is the free cash flow on the project, per year, if the firm is in the 40 percent marginal tax rate?

A) $2.4 million
B) $3.4 million
C) $4.6 million
D) $5.0 million

Question 45

If you are deciding whether to take one project or another, where the projects have different useful lives, then you could utilize:

A) a repeated investment analysis to decide which project is better for the firm.
B) an equivalent annual annuity analysis to decide which project is better for the firm.
C) Either of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 46

Windy Burgers is trying to determine when to harvest a herd of cows that it currently owns. If it harvests the herd in year 1, the NPV of the project would increase over an immediate harvest by 25 percent. A year 2 harvest would create an NPV increase of 15 percent over that of year 1 and year 3 would create an NPV increase of 7 percent over that of year 2. If the cost of capital is 12 percent for Windy, then which harvest year would maximize the NPV for the firm? Assume that all NPVs are calculated from the perspective of today.

A) Harvest immediately.
B) Harvest in year 1.
C) Harvest in year 2.
D) Harvest in year 3.

Question 47

For a U.S. corporation with income above $20 million,

A) the average tax rate is less than the marginal tax rate.
B) the average tax rate is equal to the marginal tax rate.
C) the average tax rate is greater than the marginal tax rate.
D) None of the above.

Question 48

Which of the following is the best example of a sunk cost?

A) Future payments on a leased building.
B) Future research and development costs.
C) Historical research and development costs.
D) Historical noncash expenses.

Question 49

Stillwater Drinks is trying to determine when to harvest the water from the fountain of youth that it currently owns. If it harvests the water in year 1, the NPV of the project would increase over an immediate harvest by 18 percent. A year 2 harvest would create an NPV increase of 12 percent over that of year 1 and year 3 would create an NPV increase of 8 percent over that of year 2. If the cost of capital is 17 percent for Stillwater, then which harvest year would maximize the NPV for the firm? Assume that all NPVs are calculated from the perspective of today.

A) Harvest immediately.
B) Harvest in year 1.
C) Harvest in year 2.
D) Harvest in year 3.

Question 50

When compared to the straight-line depreciation method, MACRS has:

A) a greater proportion of its depreciation early in the life of the asset.
B) a lesser proportion of its depreciation early in the life of the asset.
C) an equal proportion of its depreciation early in the life of the asset.
D) None of the above.

Question 51

Free cash flow: What is Provo's cash flow from operations for 2008?

A) $2,400,000
B) $2,600,000
C) $3,400,000
D) $4,000,000

Question 52

If the real return on U.S. Treasury bills is 14 percent while the rate of expected inflation is anticipated to be 8 percent, then what should nominal rate of return be? (Round final percentage answer to decimal places.)

A) 14.05%
B) 33.05%
C) 23.12%
D) None of the above.

Question 53

If a firm has the option of leasing some factory space to another firm or utilizing it for another product line, then if the firm chose the product line how should it handle the lost lease payments on the factory space?

A) Ignore it.
B) Include it as an opportunity cost.
C) Include half of it as additional revenue for the project.
D) None of the above.

Question 54

Whenever a project has a negative impact on an existing project's cash flows, then that effect should:

A) be ignored.
B) be ignored if the project is evaluated using the correct cost of capital.
C) be included as a negative revenue amount on the new project's cash flow analysis.
D) be included if the impact is limited to noncash expenditures.

Question 55

Which of the following should not be included in a project's cash flow calculations?

A) cash expenses
B) cash revenues
C) allocated expenses
D) None of the above.

Question 56

A tax system in which taxpayers pay a progressively larger share of their income in taxes as their income rises is called:

A) a flat tax system.
B) a progressive tax system.
C) a digressive tax system.
D) a political tax system.

Question 57

_____________ represent dollars stated in terms of constant purchasing power.

A) Nominal dollars
B) Real dollars
C) Inflated dollars
D) None of the above

Question 58

If you are discounting a project's cash flows using the nominal cost of capital, then that means that you have taken the following into account:

A) the real rate of return.
B) the expected rate of inflation.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 59

In order for a project to generate a positive net working capital cash flow at the conclusion of a project,

A) the project must have generated a cumulative negative cash flow during the life of the project.
B) the project must have generated a cumulative positive cash flow during the life of the project.
C) the project must have generated a cumulative negative cash flow at the conclusion of the project.
D) the project could not have generated a positive cash flow at the opening of the project.

Question 60

Corporate overhead allocations should only be taken into account on project analysis if:

A) the firm is currently covering all of its overhead allocations.
B) the firm is currently unable to cover all of its overhead allocations.
C) the overhead allocations involve cash expenditures.
D) None of the above.

Question 61

General Mills just is undertaking an analysis on a new cereal. The firm realizes that if they come out with a new product it would affect sales of existing products? What is the best course of action for General Mills in this analysis?

A) Treat the reduction of sales from existing cereals as a sunk cost.
B) Account for the reduction of sales from existing cereals in the projection of cash flows on the new product.
C) Include the allocated costs of the new cereal in the sales of the pre-existing products.
D) Ignore the fact that sales of other products will be affected.

Question 62

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Incremental net operating profits after-tax should include sunk costs associated with a project.
B) Incremental net operating profits after-tax should include the effects of financing costs associated with a project.
C) Incremental net operating profits after-tax should exclude the effects of depreciation costs associated with a project.
D) Incremental net operating profits after-tax should exclude the effects of financing costs associated with a project.

Question 63

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The calculation of free cash flow does not include the impact of income taxes.
B) Accounting earnings are an unreliable measure of the costs and benefits of a project.
C) The idea that we can evaluate the cash flows from a project independently of the cash flows for the firm is known as the incremental principle.
D) Depreciation expense should not be included in the calculation of incremental net operating profits after-tax.

Question 64

Projects with different lives: Your firm is deciding whether to purchase a high-quality printer for your office or one of lesser quality. The high-quality printer costs $40,000 and should last four years. The lesser quality printer costs $30,000 and should last three years. If the cost of capital for the firm is 13 percent, then what is the equivalent annual cost for the best choice for the firm? Round to the nearest dollar.

A) $10,000, either printer
B) $10,000, lesser quality printer
C) $12,706, lesser quality printer
D) $13,448, high-quality printer

Question 65

Free cash flow: What is Champagne's cash flow from operations for 2008?

A) $2,050,000
B) $2,500,000
C) $3,250,000
D) $4,000,000

Question 66

Expected cash flows: FireRock Wheel Corp is evaluating a project in which there is a 40 percent probability of revenues totaling $3 million and a 60 percent probability of revenues totaling $1 million per year. Its cash expenses will be $1.0 million while depreciation expense will be $200,000; then what is the expected free cash flow from taking the project if the marginal tax rate for the firm is 30 percent?

A) $200,000
B) $420,000
C) $600,000
D) $620,000

Question 67

Which of the following should not be included in a schedule of cash flows from operations when evaluating a capital project?

A) Fixed costs.
B) Sunk costs.
C) Depreciation and amortization.
D) Variable costs.

Question 68

Free cash flow: What is Champagne's free cash flow for 2008?

A) $2,050,000
B) $2,500,000
C) $3,250,000
D) $4,000,000

Question 69

When to replace an asset: Burt's Pizzas is considering whether to purchase an oven. Burt's calculates that its current oven generates $4,000 of cash flow per year. A new oven would cost $15,000 and would provide cash flow of $6,000 per year for six years. What is the equivalent annual cash flow for the new oven (round to the nearest dollar), and should Burt's purchase the new oven? Assume the cost of capital for Burt's is 12 percent.

A) $2,352, do not purchase the oven
B) $6,000, purchase the oven
C) $9,668, purchase the oven
D) $24,668, purchase the new oven

Question 70

Explain why in practice the cash flows associated with a project are not certain cash flows.

Question 71

Free cash flow: What is Provo's NOPAT for 2008?

A) $2,400,000
B) $2,600,000
C) $3,400,000
D) $4,000,000

Question 72

Briefly explain the two methods of comparing projects with different useful lives.

Question 73

Free cash flow: What are Champagne's cash flows associated with investments for 2008?

A) $500,000
B) $700,000
C) $1,200,000
D) None of the above.

Question 74

When to replace an asset: Nemo Haulers is considering whether to purchase a new mini tractor for moving furniture within its warehouse. Nemo calculates that its current mini tractor generates $3,100 of cash flow per year. A new mini tractor would cost $3,000 and would provide cash flow of $4,000 per year for five years. What is the equivalent annual cash flow for the new mini tractor (round to the nearest dollar), and should Nemo purchase the new tractor? Assume the cost of capital for Nemo is 10 percent.

A) $3,000, do not purchase the new tractor
B) $3,209, purchase the new tractor
C) $4,000, purchase the new tractor
D) $12,163, purchase the new tractor

Question 75

Why is depreciation and amortization added back when calculating free cash flows generated by a project?

Question 76

Free cash flow: What is Provo's free cash flow for 2008?

A) $2,400,000
B) $2,600,000
C) $3,400,000
D) $4,000,000

Question 77

Average versus Marginal Tax Rate: Suppose Franklin Corporation had pre-tax income of $300,000 in 2010 and that the firm would have paid $100,250.00 in federal income taxes. What is Franklin's average income tax rate? (Round off to the nearest 0.1%)

A) 39.0%
B) 34.7%
C) 33.4%
D) 38.6%

Question 78

The cost of using an existing asset: Small Appliances, Inc., is considering starting a new line of business with the excess capacity it currently has on its rivet machine. The current machine is expected to last four years at the current rate of production. However, if a new line of business is taken on, then the machine will have to be replaced in three years instead of four. A new machine that will last four years would cost $50,000. What is the cost of taking on the new line of business? Round to the nearest dollar and assume a 9 percent cost of capital.

A) $11,917
B) $12,500
C) $15,433
D) $50,000

Question 79

Projects with different lives: Your firm is deciding whether to purchase a durable delivery vehicle or a short-term vehicle. The durable vehicle costs $25,000 and should last five years. The short-term vehicle costs $10,000 and should last two years. If the cost of capital for the firm is 15 percent, then what is the equivalent annual cost for the best choice for the firm? (Round final answer to nearest whole dollar.)

A) $5,000, either vehicle
B) $5,000, short-term vehicle
C) $6,151, short-term vehicle
D) $7,458, long-term vehicle

Question 80

Free cash flow: What is Champagne's NOPAT for 2008?

A) $1,750,000
B) $2,500,000
C) $3,250,000
D) $4,000,000