Deck 7: Innovation and Change

Question 1

The product developers at Travimext, a company that manufactures computer parts, have specialized tablet screens at their desks that display 3-dimensional representations of prototypes they create along with all the specifications of the prototypes. This scenario best illustrates _____.

A) organizational innovation
B) corporate entropy
C) reverse engineering
D) agile development

Answer 1

A

Question 2

When Dalemend Inc. started manufacturing gaming consoles, it had difficulties with performance growth. Over time, the consoles began performing well, and the company's growth rate became rapid. However, after this period of rapid growth, the performance growth rate began to drop again. In the context of technology cycles, this scenario best illustrates _____.

A) a compression approach to innovation
B) resistance to change
C) technological lockout
D) the S-curve pattern of innovation

Answer 2

D

Question 3

To compete with other organizations in the industry and to boost employee morale, Mangosanta, a fashion designing company, installs touchscreen sketching boards on the walls of meeting rooms. These sketches are automatically mailed to all the participants once the meeting is completed. This scenario best illustrates _____.

A) organizational innovation
B) corporate entropy
C) reverse engineering
D) agile development

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The products manufactured by Answeronn, a manufacturer of answering machines, initially showed a slow progress rate, but the performance of the products eventually began improving rapidly. However, the progress rate began to drop again. All these changes took place during a three-year period. In the context of technology cycles, this scenario best illustrates _____.

A) a compression approach to innovation
B) resistance to change
C) the S-curve pattern of innovation
D) technological lockout

Question 5

Waltert, a cell phone manufacturer, has been the market leader in the country of Besmagia ever since cell phones were introduced in the country. None of the other domestic or foreign cell phone brands have been able to match the high quality and low price that Waltert's products offer. In the context of innovation streams, Waltert most likely has a _____.

A) fixed working capital
B) distinctive competence
C) fiduciary responsibility
D) matrix organization structure

Question 6

Seaneng, a company that has been manufacturing printers for computers for the past 20 years, initially specialized in dot matrix printers. However, dot matrix printers were inefficient in color printing. To overcome this disadvantage, it developed and started selling inkjet and laser printers. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) A technological discontinuity
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological singularity
D) A technological barrier

Question 7

Glaler, a large-scale cell phone manufacturer, has a robot in each of its outlets that studies a customer's usage history and suggests a model of Glaler's cell phone that is most likely to suit the customer. This scenario best illustrates _____.

A) organizational innovation
B) corporate entropy
C) reverse engineering
D) agile development

Question 8

An innovation stream begins with _____.

A) a technological discontinuity
B) a design iteration
C) technological lockout
D) the emergence of a dominant design

Question 9

Which of the following best defines technological discontinuity?

A) It is the phase of a technology cycle in which companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of a dominant technological design.
B) It is the inability of a company to competitively sell its products because it relies on old technology or a nondominant design.
C) It is the phase of an innovation stream in which a scientific advance or unique combination of existing technologies creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function.
D) It is an approach to innovation that assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.

Question 10

Wenayton, a company that manufactures and supplies ceramic kitchenware, uses broken and rejected pieces of ceramics to design its office interiors. It also uses novel ways to utilize solar energy for interior lighting. This scenario best illustrates _____.

A) organizational innovation
B) corporate entropy
C) reverse engineering
D) agile development

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the S-curve pattern of innovation of a product?

A) A flat slope indicates that increased effort brings only small improvements in technological performance.
B) A flat slope indicates that small amounts of effort will result in significant increases in technological performance.
C) A steep slope at the midpoint of the curve indicates that further efforts to develop this particular technology will result in only small increases in performance.
D) A steep slope near the endpoint of the curve indicates that the performance limits of that particular technology are being reached.

Question 12

Arthills is a retail store that sells paintings. The entire store of Arthills is energy efficient and uses a glass ceiling to naturally light the room during the day and sensors to automatically turn the internal lighting system on during the night. This scenario best illustrates _____.

A) organizational innovation
B) corporate entropy
C) reverse engineering
D) agile development

Question 13

Musccanic Inc., a company that manufactures microprocessors, updates the technology used in its microprocessors once every four years. A study conducted by the R&D team of the company revealed that the microprocessors' growth rate is initially slow, then becomes rapid, and eventually becomes slow again toward the end of the four-year cycle. In the context of technology cycles, this scenario best illustrates _____.

A) a compression approach to innovation
B) resistance to change
C) technological lockout
D) the S-curve pattern of innovation

Question 14

Carolint, a watch manufacturer, has installed custom smart lighting and ventilation systems in employees' workspaces. These enable employees to set their preferences, and the system automatically senses their presence and modifies the temperature and light settings. This scenario best illustrates _____.

A) corporate entropy
B) organizational innovation
C) reverse engineering
D) agile development

Question 15

Brandack is a leading manufacturer of storage devices. During a span of every five years, it produces one high-performance storage device. At the beginning of the five-year period, the device's performance improvement is slow. However, the improvement becomes rapid over time, and toward the end of the five-year period, it gradually begins to drop. In the context of technology cycles, this scenario best illustrates _____.

A) a compression approach to innovation
B) resistance to change
C) technological lockout
D) the S-curve pattern of innovation

Question 16

Bluewood, a paper manufacturing company, has redecorated the interiors of its headquarters using waste materials from tree barks that get rejected after extracting wood pulp. This scenario best illustrates _____.

A) organizational innovation
B) corporate entropy
C) reverse engineering
D) agile development

Question 17

Zavacomp, a company that manufactures sports accessories, earlier manufactured and sold fitness shoes and activity tracking watches as separate units. It observed that customers frequently bought these two accessories together and hence created a new integrated product with a tracking device embedded in its sports shoes. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) A technological discontinuity
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological singularity
D) A technological barrier

Question 18

Cleanreef, a chain of stores that provides dry-cleaning services, has been the market leader in the country of Gregoramas for the past 20 years. None of its rivals have been able to match Cleanreef's technology, logistics, and pricing. In the context of innovation streams, Cleanreef most likely has a _____.

A) fixed working capital
B) distinctive competence
C) fiduciary responsibility
D) matrix organization structure

Question 19

To attract the right customers, Wedroom, a wedding planning firm, has its office redecorated in various wedding themes. It also has smart sensors in its workspaces that sense temperature and brightness and adjust to the environment accordingly. This scenario best illustrates _____.

A) reverse engineering
B) corporate entropy
C) organizational innovation
D) agile development

Question 20

_____ are patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage.

A) Change interventions
B) Technological lockouts
C) Induced innovations
D) Innovation streams

Question 21

The manual computer entry system for calculating employee attendance at Kartufly, an apparel retail store, has been replaced with a biometric system. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Technological singularity
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological substitution
D) Technological determinism

Question 22

Technological substitution occurs when:

A) customers establish a new technological standard or dominant design.
B) customers purchase new products to replace older technologies.
C) a new dominant design prevents a company from competitively selling its products.
D) a new technological design or process becomes the accepted market standard.

Question 23

Elotrik, a company that manufactures and supplies epilators, implements a marketing strategy to popularize its epilators and replace razors in the market. To counter this and stay in the market, the razor manufacturers introduce new offers and discounts. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Design competition
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological substitution
D) Design iteration

Question 24

Mozbert is a company that manufactures and supplies wireless headsets. It started an online advertising campaign that explains the advantages and ease of using wireless headsets over wired headsets. As a mitigation plan, Beloway, a wired headset manufacturer, launched new offers and discounts to retain its customers. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Design competition
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological substitution
D) Design iteration

Question 25

Cinebravos, a television manufacturer in Ashtemston, observes that its customers have stopped purchasing its CRT television sets and that they have begun purchasing its LED and LCD television sets. It hence stops manufacturing CRT television sets entirely. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Technological substitution
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological singularity
D) Technological determinism

Question 26

Pagent, a company that manufactures watches, introduces a new range of watches with a safety application programmed into it. This application is designed especially for women and helps them alert people in case of danger. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) A technological discontinuity
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological singularity
D) A technological barrier

Question 27

When Nathanil Inc., a network service provider, introduced 4G data plans, it observed that most of its customers completely stopped using 2G and 3G data plans and switched to 4G. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Technological singularity
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological substitution
D) Technological determinism

Question 28

Boardburgh, a cordless telephone manufacturer, launched advertising campaigns to market its products and eliminate wired telephone sets from the market. To counter this, Telepram Inc., a wired telephone manufacturer, has launched an advertising campaign to detail the disadvantages of cordless telephones. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Design competition
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological substitution
D) Design iteration

Question 29

In an attempt to eliminate spectacles from the market, Lensamt, a company that manufactures and supplies contact lenses, launched an advertising campaign to popularize its products. To counter this and stay in the market, the spectacle manufacturers introduced new offers and discounts on spectacles. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Design competition
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological substitution
D) Design iteration

Question 30

Kappawn, a cell phone manufacturer, observes that its customers have started purchasing only touchscreen cell phones. It hence stops manufacturing traditional cell phones and switches to the manufacture of touchscreen cell phones. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Technological singularity
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological substitution
D) Technological determinism

Question 31

When LED televisions started becoming popular in the city of Jazetta, all the electronic stores in the city stopped selling CRT televisions. Following this, LED televisions dominated the market and became the accepted market standard for televisions in the city. In the context of innovation streams, this scenario best illustrates _____.

A) a dominant design
B) the compression approach to innovation
C) the experiential approach to innovation
D) a design iteration

Question 32

The standalone scanners and printers at Indentom, a law firm, have been replaced with all-in-one printers that perform the functions of printing, scanning, and photocopying. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Technological singularity
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological substitution
D) Technological determinism

Question 33

During design competition, _____.

A) the patterns of innovation over time create sustainable competitive advantage
B) an older technology usually improves significantly in response to the competitive threat from the new technologies
C) a scientific advance of existing technologies creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function
D) a new dominant design prevents a company from competitively selling its products or makes it difficult to do so

Question 34

When USB flash drives started becoming popular, customers stopped purchasing CDs. As a result, USB flash drives almost completely replaced CDs in the market and became the accepted market standard for storage devices. In the context of innovation streams, this scenario best illustrates _____.

A) a dominant design
B) the compression approach to innovation
C) the experiential approach to innovation
D) a design iteration

Question 35

Large investments in old technology and the incompatiblility of new and old technologies with each other are the main reasons companies and consumers are reluctant to switch to a different technology during a(n) _____.

A) innovation stream
B) design competition
C) design iteration
D) change intervention

Question 36

When a few domestic manufacturers of solar water heaters gained popularity in the country Likambea, solar water heaters replaced the old models of water heaters and became the accepted market standard for heaters. In the context of innovation streams, this scenario best illustrates _____.

A) a dominant design
B) the compression approach to innovation
C) the experiential approach to innovation
D) a design iteration

Question 37

Curtab, a company that manufactures digital watches, implements marketing strategies to attempt to eliminate analog watches from the market and thereby increase the market share of the company. To counter this, analog watch manufacturers introduce new advertising campaigns. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Design competition
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological substitution
D) Design iteration

Question 38

The customers of Curtofan, a gaming console manufacturer, stopped purchasing its traditional hand-held gaming device after it introduced a real-time, high-end gaming device. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Technological singularity
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological substitution
D) Technological determinism

Question 39

_____ is a new technological design or process that becomes the accepted market standard.

A) A dominant design
B) A design iteration
C) Technological substitution
D) Technological lockout

Question 40

Ebdino, a company that manufactures tires, observes that the sales of its traditional tires have declined drastically and that the sales of tubeless tires have increased. Ebdino hence decides to stop manufacturing traditional tires and replace them with tubeless tires. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Technological substitution
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological singularity
D) Technological determinism

Question 41

Kathym, a company that sells women's handbags, gives all its junior designers the opportunity to come up with their own original designs. The managers believe that providing them with challenging tasks will keep the designers interested and help them innovate. In the context of managing sources of innovation, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) A creative work environment
B) Generational change
C) Technological lockout
D) A compression approach to innovation

Question 42

Arthumt's carpool service application gained popularity among its customers within a few months of its release. However, the customers eventually discovered that the application caused the phone battery to heat up to abnormal levels. This made them switch to a newer and efficient application. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Technological singularity
B) The compression approach to innovation
C) The experiential approach to innovation
D) Technological lockout

Question 43

Keniey, a company that manufactures and supplies home appliances, launches a fully automatic advanced food processor that performs the functions of slicing, chopping, grinding, shredding, grating, pureeing, kneading, mixing, and blending. The product is priced lower than semi-automatic food processors sold by other brands. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Change intervention
B) Unfreezing
C) Incremental change
D) Refreezing

Question 44

_____ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

A) Creative work environments
B) Design iterations
C) Workflow automations
D) Core change coalitions

Question 45

Irolt, a company that supplies fast-moving consumer durables, recruits only graduates from top business schools as management trainees in its marketing department. The company ensures that its employees are always given challenging tasks that interest them, and the employees believe that the management welcomes innovative ideas and thoughts. In the context of managing sources of innovation, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) A creative work environment
B) Generational change
C) Technological lockout
D) A compression approach to innovation

Question 46

Which of the following statements is true of creative work environments?

A) Work is less challenging when it demands attention and focus.
B) Numerous studies have indicated that creative ideas cannot thrive under conditions of freedom.
C) Supervisory encouragement of creativity occurs when management encourages risk taking.
D) Workers become bored when they can do more than is required of them.

Question 47

As touchscreen laptops gained popularity in the country of Desapotam, the import of older models of laptops was stopped. Subsequently, touchscreen laptops became the accepted market standard for laptops in the country. In the context of innovation streams, this scenario best illustrates _____.

A) a dominant design
B) the compression approach to innovation
C) the experiential approach to innovation
D) a design iteration

Question 48

Solylin, a company that manufactures electronic goods, has introduced solar chargers that are compatible with all brands and models of cell phones in the market. These chargers help save costs because they work on solar power, and they are sold at a lower price than traditional chargers. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Change intervention
B) Unfreezing
C) Incremental change
D) Refreezing

Question 49

When Rebopy, a network service provider, started providing 4G data services, it attracted a large number of customers because of the high speed and cost effectiveness of Rebopy's services. However, after few months of using the service, the customers found that it had poor connectivity and hence switched to more efficient data services. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Technological singularity
B) The compression approach to innovation
C) The experiential approach to innovation
D) Technological lockout

Question 50

The employees of Antrobe, a leading daily newspaper, believe that their managers encourage them to voice their ideas and opinions. They also believe that they are given challenging tasks that interest and motivate them. In the context of managing sources of innovation, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) A creative work environment
B) Generational change
C) Technological lockout
D) A compression approach to innovation

Question 51

Organizational encouragement of creativity occurs when:

A) management encourages risk taking and new ideas.
B) supervisors provide clear goals.
C) work group members foster mutual openness to ideas.
D) open interaction with subordinates is encouraged.

Question 52

Whilph, an automobile manufacturer, launched its new compact car. The car provides the highest mileage and has the lowest price in its market segment. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Change intervention
B) Unfreezing
C) Incremental change
D) Refreezing

Question 53

Which of the following best defines an incremental change?

A) It is the competition between old and new technologies to establish a new technological standard or dominant design.
B) It is the purchase of new technologies to replace older ones.
C) It is a phase in which companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the functioning and performance of a dominant design.
D) It is a phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true of technological lockout?

A) It occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies.
B) It occurs when a new dominant design prevents a company from competitively selling its products.
C) It occurs when companies innovate by improving the functioning and performance of the existing dominant design.
D) It occurs when new technologies compete to establish a new technological standard.

Question 55

The chefs at Lorifusion, a continental restaurant, are given the freedom to try out new ways of presenting their dishes. This helps them avoid monotony and encourages them to innovate. The employees believe that this challenges their skills and keeps them interested and motivated. In the context of managing sources of innovation, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) A creative work environment
B) Generational change
C) Technological lockout
D) A compression approach to innovation

Question 56

_____ is a psychological state of effortlessness, in which you become completely absorbed in what you are doing and time seems to pass quickly.

A) The Id
B) The superego
C) Flow
D) Refreezing

Question 57

When Pocdio, an application development software, was released, it was widely accepted by customers. However, a few months after its release, users began experiencing a lag in its user interface. Customers eventually stopped using this software and started to use newer and better alternatives. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Technological singularity
B) The compression approach to innovation
C) The experiential approach to innovation
D) Technological lockout

Question 58

Maxsigma, a software company, released a text processing application. This application was user-friendly and widely accepted by its customers. However, a few months later, users found that it was susceptible to virus, and they switched to newer and more efficient text processing applications. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Technological singularity
B) The compression approach to innovation
C) The experiential approach to innovation
D) Technological lockout

Question 59

When cell phones were introduced, most customers stopped using landline telephones. Eventually, cell phones almost entirely replaced landline telephones and became the accepted market standard for phones. In the context of innovation streams, this scenario best illustrates _____.

A) a dominant design
B) the compression approach to innovation
C) the experiential approach to innovation
D) a design iteration

Question 60

When Sewsavor developed a food delivery application, a majority of people started using and recommending the application. However, they eventually found that the application uses more RAM than usual, and they switched to more efficient food delivery applications. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Technological singularity
B) The compression approach to innovation
C) The experiential approach to innovation
D) Technological lockout

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true of the experiential approach to innovation?

A) It aims to continue improving an existing technology as rapidly as possible.
B) It is used to manage innovation in more certain environments during periods of incremental change.
C) It assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps.
D) It uses intuition and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning.

Question 62

_____ is a cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on that design, and then builds and tests the improved product or service prototype.

A) Unrelated diversification
B) A design iteration
C) An innovation stream
D) Technological lockout

Question 63

Which of the following is a difference between the inaction stage and the faulty action stage of organizational decline?

A) In the inaction stage, managers lack awareness about changes or are unable to understand their significance, whereas in the blinded stage, managers find it difficult to change the practices and policies that previously led to success.
B) In the inaction stage, managers assume that if they just run a tighter ship, company performance will return to previous levels, whereas in the faulty action stage, companies typically lack the resources to fully change how they run their businesses.
C) In the inaction stage, the company is dissolved through bankruptcy proceedings, whereas in the faulty action stage, management recognizes the need to change but still takes no steps.
D) In the inaction stage, managers wait to see if organizational performance problems correct themselves, whereas in the faulty action stage, management announces belt-tightening plans designed to cut costs, increase efficiency, and restore profits.

Question 64

In the context of organizational decline, which of the following is true of the blinded stage?

A) Key managers fail to recognize the internal or external changes that will harm their organizations.
B) Management recognizes the need to change but still takes no action.
C) Companies plan to cut costs and restore profits rather than recognizing the need for fundamental changes.
D) Companies lack the resources to fully change how they run their businesses.

Question 65

In the context of creative work environments, which of the following statements is true?

A) Numerous studies have indicated that creative ideas thrive under conditions of freedom.
B) Organizational encouragement of creativity occurs when supervisors provide clear goals.
C) Workers become bored when they do less than is required of them.
D) Work is less challenging when it demands attention and focus.

Question 66

Which of the following is a difference between the blinded stage and the inaction stage of organizational decline?

A) In the blinded stage, managers find it difficult to change the practices and policies that previously led to success, whereas in the inaction stage, managers lack awareness about changes or are unable to understand their significance.
B) In the blinded stage, managers assume that if they just run a tighter ship, company performance will return to previous levels, whereas in the inaction stage, companies typically lack the resources to fully change how they run their businesses.
C) In the blinded stage, key managers fail to recognize the internal or external changes that will harm their companies, whereas in the inaction stage, management recognizes the need to change but still takes no steps.
D) In the blinded stage, management announces belt-tightening plans designed to cut costs, increase efficiency, and restore profits, whereas in the inaction stage, the company is dissolved through bankruptcy proceedings.

Question 67

In the context of managing innovation, identify a difference between the experiential approach and the compression approach.

A) The experiential approach is used to manage innovation in highly certain environments, whereas the compression approach is used to manage innovation in highly uncertain environments.
B) The experiential approach is used during periods of incremental change, whereas the compression approach is used during periods of discontinuous change.
C) The general strategy in the experiential approach is to build something new, different, and substantially better, whereas the general strategy in the compression approach is to reduce the time and steps to make small, consistent improvements in performance and functionality.
D) The goal of the experiential approach is incremental improvements in the performance and function of the existing dominant design, whereas the goal of the compression approach is the establishment of a new dominant design.

Question 68

Celvokay, a company that manufactures cell phones and cell phone accessories, has launched a new cell phone that comes along with a new model of earphones with the noise-cancellation feature. These earphones are designed such that they can also be used with the older models of Celvokay's phones. Which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Unfreezing
B) Generational change
C) Refreezing
D) Technological lockout

Question 69

In the _____ of organizational decline, as organizational performance problems become more visible, management may recognize the need to change but still take no measures.

A) blinded stage
B) inaction stage
C) faulty action stage
D) crisis stage

Question 70

Russeng, a travel agency, had a huge setback in its business as customers started to book travel tickets online and make their own itineraries using the information available on the Internet. It failed to take the necessary corrective measures to address this issue, and this led to an overall decrease in the company's performance. This scenario best illustrates _____.

A) organizational decline
B) a design iteration
C) a technological discontinuity
D) generational change

Question 71

Which of the following is a difference between experiential and compression approaches to innovation?

A) Experiential approach is used in fast-growing environments, whereas compression approach is used in highly uncertain environments.
B) Experiential approach is used in periods of incremental change, whereas compression approach is used in periods of discontinuous change.
C) Experiential approach is used to establish a new dominant design, whereas compression approach is used to improve the function of an existing dominant design.
D) Experiential approach is used to shorten the time of individual steps in the innovation process, whereas compression approach is used to test the improved product or service prototype.

Question 72

The employees of Carlofen, a cell phone manufacturer, raised a concern to their management about their poor pay and excess workload. However, the management failed to address their issue, so a majority of them resigned at once. As a result, the company's sales began to fall and its overall performance began to deteriorate. This scenario best illustrates _____.

A) organizational decline
B) a design iteration
C) a technological discontinuity
D) generational change

Question 73

The compression approach to innovation management is used in:

A) highly uncertain environments.
B) periods of incremental change.
C) periods of discontinuous change.
D) fast-growing environments.

Question 74

Lemsey Corp. specializes in creating computer software. It has been working on an antivirus software that doesn't need regular updates and has the most comprehensive virus database in the market. This software is being tested for design, function, and reliability. In the context of the experiential approach to innovation, the antivirus is a _____.

A) product prototype
B) low-feasibility product
C) customized product
D) dominant design

Question 75

In contrast to the experiential approach to innovation, the compression approach to innovation:

A) aims at creating a new dominant design.
B) is used during periods of discontinuous change.
C) manages innovation in more certain environments.
D) assumes that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition.

Question 76

In the context of managing innovation, _____ are formal project review points used to assess progress and performance.

A) prototypes
B) milestones
C) test cases
D) bar codes

Question 77

_____ is a change based on incremental improvements to a dominant technological design such that the improved technology is fully backward compatible with the older technology.

A) Results-driven change
B) Discontinuous change
C) Generational change
D) Incremental change

Question 78

In the context of organizational decline, which of the following is true of the crisis stage?

A) Key managers fail to recognize the internal or external changes that will harm their organizations.
B) Management recognizes the need to change but still takes no action.
C) Companies lack the resources to fully change how they run their businesses.
D) Management announces belt-tightening plans designed to cut costs and restore profits.

Question 79

Most planning for incremental innovation:

A) focuses on the establishment of a new dominant design.
B) is based on the idea of generational change.
C) is based on the idea of discontinuous change.
D) focuses on making significant improvements in performance.

Question 80

Gamapro, a company that manufactures gaming devices, has launched a new gaming console along with a new set of games for the new version of the console. However, the games designed for the previous versions of the consoles can also be used on the new console because of backward compatibility. Which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Unfreezing
B) Generational change
C) Refreezing
D) Technological lockout