Deck 26: Ergogenic Aids

Question 1

Amphetamines may improve endurance performance by

A)decreasing the use of plasma FFA as a fuel source.
B)masking signs of fatigue.
C)decreasing arousal.
D)increasing lactic acid removal.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Amphetamines appear to have a positive effect on exercise performance in those who are alert and motivated.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Early studies did not show a positive effect of blood doping because

A)too much blood was given to the subject.
B)a significant portion of the red blood cells were destroyed during storage of the blood.
C)the subject could not tolerate the additional blood.
D)the measurements of exercise performance were not accurate.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following beverages contain the most caffeine?

A)energy drinks (e.g. ,Red Bull)
B)tea
C)coffee
D)most soft drinks (e.g. ,colas)

Question 5

The effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation are most evident during the first of many repetitive bouts of short and intense exercise.

Question 6

The recommended intensity of warm-up exercise (5-10 minutes)for endurance activities is:

A)40%-50% VO₂ max.
B)60%-70% VO₂ max.
C)at 90% race pace.
D)at 100% race pace.

Question 7

Dehydroxyepiandrosterone (DHEA)is claimed to improve muscle mass and strength because it

A)is a precursor to testosterone.
B)is an antioxidant that reduces muscle damage during exercise training.
C)enhances fat use.
D)increases anaerobic power.

Question 8

The term "hematological passport" refers to a systematic approach used to identify athletes that are using "doping" procedures to increase their oxygen transport capacity.

Question 9

The ingestion of sodium bicarbonate has been shown to benefit

A)exercise tasks lasting less than one minute in duration.
B)high-intensity exercise tasks lasting longer than one hour.
C)high-intensity exercise tasks lasting one to ten minutes.
D)None of the above answers are correct

Question 10

How many units of blood are shown to have a positive effect when reinfused in a subject via blood doping?

A)0.5
B)1
C)1.5
D)2

Question 11

Which of the following changes would account for the greatest potential reduction in aerodynamic drag during a cycling competition?

A)using an aerodynamic bicycle frame
B)switching to a flat-disc rear wheel
C)adopting a lower riding position
D)wearing Lycra shorts and jersey

Question 12

High circulating levels of catecholamines can:

A)activate adenylate cyclase
B)activate cyclic AMP
C)inhibit phospodiesterase
D)Both A and B answers are correct

Question 13

Including a placebo in a research design to study ergogenic aids helps control for

A)differences in the training state of the subjects.
B)the gender of the subjects.
C)investigator bias.
D)the subject's belief that the substance tested is an ergogenic aid.

Question 14

The Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act passed in 1994 ensures that all dietary supplements are tested for purity.

Question 15

Oxygen has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid when the O₂

A)can be breathed during an endurance exercise.
B)is used before endurance exercise.
C)is used in recovery from endurance exercise.
D)breathed prior to a football game

Question 16

Blood buffers,used to improve anaerobic performances,exert their effect by

A)slowing the rate of decrease of creatine phosphate.
B)slowing the rate of increase in plasma H⁺ and thus,maintaining pH homeostasis.
C)altering the rate at which oxygen leaves the hemoglobin.
D)decreasing the rate at which H⁺ leaves muscle.

Question 17

The ergogenic effect of caffeine

A)is dose dependent (i.e,depends upon on the amount of caffeine ingested).
B)does not vary between individuals.
C)is influenced by gender.
D)is due to a decrease in fat metabolism.

Question 18

Although the drug erythropoietin can increase endurance performance by increasing the transport of oxygen,it can also impair blood flow if hemoglobin concentrations reach high levels.

Question 19

the term homologous transfusion means that the subject received

A)his own blood.
B)a matched donor's blood.
C)artificial blood.
D)None of the above answers are correct