Deck 21: Molecular Technologies

Question 1

Restriction endonucleases recognize specific sequences in the DNA.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Real-time PCR can be used for which of the following?

A) Conduct a PCR reaction without the use of primers
B) Generate mRNA
C) Quantify expression of a specific gene in a cell
D) Nonspecific DNA amplification

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In a cloning experiment, you use a vector that contains a lacZ gene near the unique restriction site. If the competent cells are grown on X-Gal and IPTG, which colonies would contain chromosomal DNA?

A) The white colonies
B) The blue colonies
C) Half the total colonies
D) None of the colonies

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Small circular pieces of bacterial DNA that are used as vectors in cloning experiments are called ________.

A) phages
B) viruses
C) plasmids
D) chromosomes

Question 5

cDNA is made using what as the starting material?

A) plasmid vectors
B) viral DNA
C) chromosomal DNA
D) mRNA

Question 6

What is one component that is needed to perform a PCR?

A) Primers
B) DNA ligase
C) RNA polymerase
D) Restriction enzymes

Question 7

What function does a competent cell have that makes it useful in cloning experiments?

A) Competent cells resist transfection by a viral vector.
B) Competent cells repair DNA strands without the aid of DNA ligase.
C) Competent cells utilize transposons as a vector.
D) Competent cells take up DNA from the external environment.

Question 8

What is the origin of restriction endonucleases?

A) They are part of DNA repair mechanisms in eukaryotic cells
B) They are a defense mechanism against viruses in bacteria
C) They are replication enzymes of yeast
D) They are transposable elements of Drosophila

Question 9

What contains both vector DNA and chromosomal DNA?

A) recircularized vectors
B) recombinant vectors
C) open vectors

Question 10

A cDNA library differs from a genomic DNA library in which way?

A) It consists solely of RNA molecules
B) It contains many copies of the gene of interest
C) It contains only coding sequences, not introns
D) It is typically 10-100 times the size of a DNA library

Question 11

A plasmid that contains separate origins of replication for two different species is called a(n) ________.

A) R factor
B) expression vector
C) viral vector
D) shuttle vector

Question 12

What is the purpose of DNA ligase in a cloning experiment?

A) The purpose is to proofread the vector for mistakes.
B) The purpose is to reestablish the stable sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule.
C) The purpose is to allow the vector to enter into the cell.
D) The purpose is to function as a selectable marker.

Question 13

What is one technique that is used to identify a specific protein in a mixture of different proteins?

A) Western blotting
B) Northern blotting
C) Southern blotting
D) Eastern blotting

Question 14

Who developed the process of the polymerase chain reaction?

A) Watson and Crick
B) McClintock
C) Mullis
D) Pauling

Question 15

What occurs during the annealing stage of a PCR reaction?

A) The DNA strands separate
B) The DNA polymerase copies the template DNA
C) The primers bind to complementary sequences of the template DNA
D) The reaction stops

Question 16

The presence of a specific plasmid in a bacterial cell may be determined if the plasmid ________.

A) is exceptionally large
B) is an expression vector
C) contains pieces of a viral genome
D) contains a selectable marker

Question 17

What is one technique that is used to identify a specific RNA sequence of a sample from a library?

A) Western blotting
B) Northern blotting
C) Southern blotting
D) Eastern blotting

Question 18

What is the purpose of RNaseH in the making of cDNA?

A) It copies the mRNA into a complementary DNA strand.
B) It reforms the sugar-phosphate backbone.
C) It generates short RNAs that are used as primers.
D) It proofreads the cDNA for errors.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a palindromic DNA sequence?

A) 5' - ATCGAC - 3' 3' - TAGCAG - 5'
B) 5' - ATCATC - 3' 3' - ATCATC - 5'
C) 5' - GCCGCC - 3' 3' - CGGCGG - 5'
D) 5' - CTGCAG - 3' 3' - GACGTC - 5'

Question 20

What is a DNA library?

A) A collection of vectors, each containing a fragment of the original genome
B) A complete sequence of the genetic material in an organism
C) An electronic file that may be used for additional genetic analysis
D) A collection of mRNA from a given cell

Question 21

The isolation and copying of a gene, usually in large quantities is called gene cloning.

Question 22

Cloned genes may be mutated outside of a cell by a process called site-directed mutagenesis.

Question 23

A vector is a small segment of DNA that a gene of interest is inserted into for cloning.

Question 24

cDNA is made from mRNA therefore, it lacks introns and contains only the coding sequence for the functional protein.

Question 25

Which of the following is a step in a PCR?

A) DNA is cooled to a temperature at which the hydrogen bonds holding the strands break.
B) The primers anneal to the complementary sequences on the template DNA.
C) DNA gyrase enzyme relieves the supercoiling ahead of the replication fork.
D) The DNase I synthesizes a new strand of DNA that is complementary to the template DNA.

Question 26

You are using CRISPR-Cas technology to introduce a single nucleotide change in a gene of interest in living cells. You are designing your experiment. In which component of the reaction will you engineer the single nucleotide change?

A) Donor DNA
B) Spacer RNA
C) Repeat RNA
D) Linker RNA
E) tracrRNA

Question 27

A researcher is interested in whether or not a transcription factor binds to a specific site on a strand of DNA. However, the samples accidentally contain SDS. What will the gel mobility shift assay results show?

A) The protein will bind the DNA and retard the movement of the DNA through the gel.
B) The protein will not bind to the DNA and the movement of the DNA through the gel will not be affected.
C) The protein will bind the DNA and the movement of the DNA through the gel will not be affected.
D) The protein will not bind the DNA and the movement of the DNA through the gel will be affected.

Question 28

What technique can be used to determine DNA-protein interactions?

A) Western blotting
B) PCR
C) DNAse I foot printing
D) restriction enzyme analysis

Question 29

The DNA Pol III enzyme can use mRNA to make a cDNA strand.

Question 30

R factors typically contain genes for antibiotic resistance.

Question 31

The polymerase used in PCR reactions is derived from the thermophile organism Thermus aquaticus.

Question 32

Dideoxy nucleotides are used in which technique?

A) RT-PCR
B) DNA sequencing
C) DNAse I foot printing
D) restriction mapping
E) gene cloning

Question 33

Antibodies can be used as a probe for which technique?

A) Western blotting
B) Northern blotting
C) Southern blotting
D) Eastern blotting

Question 34

Molecular biologists use restriction enzymes to amplify a specific section of DNA within the genome.

Question 35

A scientist does not have an antibody to detect the protein of interest, but wants to know if the gene is expressed at low levels. What technique could the researcher use to detect, but not quantify the expression of the gene of interest?

A) Western Blotting
B) real-time PCR
C) cloning
D) reverse transcriptase PCR

Question 36

Mutations generated during site-directed mutagenesis occur randomly in the genome.