Deck 26: Developmental Genetics

Question 1

Antennapedia in Drosophila is an example of a ________.

A) Loss-of-function mutation
B) Gain-of-function mutation
C) Zygotic mutation
D) Segmentation mutation

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Studies of invertebrate and vertebrate development suggest that there is a universal body plan for bilateral animal development.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A Drosophila larva that develops from an oocyte that has no bicoid mRNA will have what developmental defect?

A) only ventral structures
B) no dorsal structures
C) only anterior structures
D) only posterior structures

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The model organism for the study of plant development is ________.

A) Drosophila melanogaster
B) C. elegans
C) Xenopus laevis
D) Arabidopsis thaliana

Question 5

A mutation in which the fate of cell lineages is not synchronized in an organism is called a ________.

A) heterochronic mutation
B) apoptotic mutation
C) homeotic mutation
D) homeobox mutation

Question 6

In Drosophila embryos, the anterior compartment of a segment overlaps with the posterior compartment of a parasegment.

Question 7

Pole cells are responsible for forming what structures in an adult organism?

A) liver cells
B) gametes
C) nerve cells
D) hematopoietic stem cells

Question 8

Threshold concentration, morphogens, induction, and cell adhesion provide ________ to a developing organism.

A) positional information
B) maternal effect genes
C) homeodomains
D) lineage tracing

Question 9

Homeotic genes activate other genes that determine the ________ of each segment.

A) segment
B) parasegment
C) morphological characteristics
D) zygotic

Question 10

Cell lineage diagrams are most easily prepared in which model organisms?

A) Drosophila melanogaster
B) C. elegans
C) Xenopus laevis
D) Arabidopsis thaliana

Question 11

What is one characteristic of a homeodomain?

A) It is a transmembrane protein
B) It can bind to the minor groove of DNA
C) It is a protein domain encoded by a homeobox.
D) It binds to DNA at random sequences.

Question 12

Gap genes and pair-rule genes are examples of genes that determine ________.

A) the formation of body segments
B) the formation of the primary cell layers
C) the formation of cellular adhesion
D) the formation of the major body axis

Question 13

Which segment gene is activated first in the Drosophila embryo?

A) pair-rule genes
B) segment-polarity genes
C) gap genes
D) myogenic bHLH genes

Question 14

The bicoid gene has what pattern of inheritance?

A) sex-linked
B) incomplete penetrance
C) maternal inheritance
D) autosomal

Question 15

What is the first stage of embryonic pattern development in Drosophila?

A) limb position
B) body axes
C) segmentation patterns
D) metamorphosis

Question 16

A homeotic mutation results in which of the following?

A) Incorrect formation of the body axes
B) Replacement of segments with parasegments
C) Replacing of one body part with another
D) Apotosis

Question 17

The ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm are formed during the ________ stage of embryogenesis.

A) fertilization
B) cellular blastoderm
C) syncytial blastoderm
D) gastrulation

Question 18

Hox complexes in mammals are homologous to invertebrate ________.

A) zygotic genes
B) segmentation genes
C) homeotic genes
D) maternal effect genes

Question 19

A C. elegans with a heterochronic mutation in lin-14 will lay eggs normally.

Question 20

What is one way in which plant development differs from animal development?

A) Plants can develop only from somatic cells
B) Plants lack morphogens
C) Cell migration occurs in plants

Question 21

Molecules that convey positional information and promote developmental changes are called ________.

A) morphogens
B) determined
C) totipotent
D) apical

Question 22

During what stage of development do homeotic genes begin to establish cell fate?

A) formation of body axes
B) segmentation of the body
C) determination of structures within the segments
D) cell differentiation

Question 23

What gene must be expressed in a Drosophila for it to develop into a female fly?

A) SRY
B) Hox
C) SXL
D) sex-1

Question 24

In humans, what gene determines maleness?

A) DSX
B) sex-1
C) SRY
D) SXL

Question 25

The morphological features that a group of cells will eventually adopt is called the ________.

A) positional information
B) cell fate
C) cell adhesion model
D) embryogenesis

Question 26

HoxC-6 is always expressed posterior to vertebrae 7 during the development of every vertebrate.

Question 27

An XY human individual with a deletion that has inactivated SRY will developmentally be what sex?

A) Male
B) Female

Question 28

The ________ of a morphogen determines its effect on development.

A) size
B) homeodomain
C) color
D) concentration

Question 29

A mutation in the B genes of Arabidopsis would result in the incorrect formation of what structure?

A) Apical meristem
B) Flowers
C) Stems
D) Roots

Question 30

The ABC model explains the process of ________.

A) brain development
B) flower development
C) sex determination
D) muscle development

Question 31

The consensus coding sequence of homeotic genes is called a ________.

A) TATA box
B) Pribnow box
C) homeobox
D) parasegment

Question 32

The spatial arrangement of different regions in the body is called a ________.

A) pattern
B) morphogen
C) induction
D) segment

Question 33

Skeletal muscle cell development is controlled by ________ proteins.

A) homeobox
B) basic domain
C) Hox
D) myogenic bHLH

Question 34

What gene in humans prevents male development?

A) SRY
B) DAX1
C) SOX9
D) SXL

Question 35

Programmed cell death is called ________.

A) destruction initiation
B) apoptosis
C) myogenesis
D) morphogens

Question 36

Genes that specify the final identity of a body region are called ________.

A) bicoid
B) homeobox genes
C) homeotic
D) lineage genes

Question 37

One of the four overlapping stages in animal development is apoptosis

Question 38

The CLV3 gene is expressed in the organizing center and induces the cells in the central zone to become undifferentiated stem cells