Deck 3: Genetics: Cells and Molecules

Question 1

A geneticist constructing tree-like diagrams that visually indicate relationships between species is engaged in __________.

A)behavioral genetics
B)molecular genetics
C)phylogenetics
D)population genetics

Answer 1

phylogenetics

Question 2

Population genetics involves the study of __________.

A)pedigrees of related individuals
B)how individuals vary within populations
C)the evolutionary relationships among species
D)cells and DNA

Answer 2

how individuals vary within populations

Question 3

The basic building block of life is the __________.

A)cell
B)gene
C)homunculus
D)organism

Answer 3

cell

Question 4

The genetic field of phylogenetics is concerned with __________.

A)determining evolutionary relationships between species
B)studying varying groups within the same species
C)constructing pedigrees
D)none of these

Question 5

Which of the following is the perfect metaphor for genes and how they behave?

A)homunculus
B)recipe
C)information storage
D)none of these

Question 6

Behavioral genetics is the study of how __________.

A)behavior influences genetics
B)pedigrees are influenced by genetic relationships
C)phylogenies effect behavior
D)genetics influence behavior

Question 7

Phylogenetic analysis often employs the methods of molecular genetics.

Question 8

A geneticist tracking how various traits are passed from one generation to the next is engaged in __________.

A)phylogenetics
B)population genetics
C)Mendelian genetics
D)molecular genetics

Question 9

The term "gene" was coined by __________.

A)Jean Lamarck
B)Wilhelm Johannsen
C)Charles Lyell
D)Gregor Mendel

Question 10

Classical or Mendelian genetics involves the study of __________.

A)pedigrees of related individuals
B)how individuals vary within populations
C)the evolutionary relationships among groups of species
D)cells and DNA

Question 11

A basic understanding of heredity __________.

A)is a relatively new phenomena
B)did not happen until we fully understood DNA
C)can be found in almost all human cultures
D)requires a thorough understanding of genetics and reproduction

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a metaphor for genes used by modern scientists?

A)blueprint
B)homunculus
C)recipe
D)information storage

Question 13

A geneticist studying the variation between different groups of organisms of the same species is engaged in __________.

A)phylogenetics
B)population genetics
C)Mendelian genetics
D)behavioral genetics

Question 14

Which of the following is the most controversial field?

A)behavioral genetics
B)molecular genetics
C)phylogenetics
D)population genetics

Question 15

The term "gene" was coined after DNA was observed.

Question 16

Classical geneticists focus more on __________ than __________.

A)molecules,pedigrees
B)cells,populations
C)traits,molecules
D)populations,traits

Question 17

Scientists working on genetic therapies for disease are working in which genetic field?

A)phylogenetics
B)population genetics
C)Mendelian genetics
D)molecular genetics

Question 18

Human biological variability arises from __________.

A)mostly genetic influences
B)mostly cultural influences
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 19

Population geneticists only study traits at the molecular level.

Question 20

Cellular and molecular genetics involves the study of __________.

A)pedigrees of related individuals
B)how species divide into populations
C)the evolutionary relationships among species
D)cells and DNA

Question 21

Somatic cells __________.

A)are the sex cells
B)have the same function as gametes
C)are the cells of the body that are not gametes
D)only exist in prokaryotic organisms

Question 22

A cell's plasma membrane __________.

A)separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell
B)is a fluid-filled space within a cell
C)contains a number of structures essential to cellular function
D)none of these

Question 23

In eukaryotes,the piece of cellular anatomy that separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell is called the __________.

A)nucleus
B)cytoplasm
C)organelle
D)plasma membrane

Question 24

A single-celled organism with a nucleus is an example of a eukaryote.

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a multicellular organism?

A)bacteria
B)protozoa
C)worms
D)archaea

Question 26

Adult stem cells are totipotent.

Question 27

The marine sea slug is commonly studied because it possesses cells.

A)larger
B)colored
C)more
D)fewer

Question 28

A cell's nucleus __________.

A)separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell
B)is a fluid-filled space within a cell
C)contains a number of structures essential to cellular function
D)is the permeable outer boundary of the cell

Question 29

Organelles are common to prokaryotes.

Question 30

The __________ are directly involved in reproduction.

A)somatic cells
B)gametes
C)stem cells
D)none of these

Question 31

The part of the cell responsible for regulating the transport of materials into and out of the cell is the __________.

A)nucleus
B)cytoplasm
C)organelle
D)plasma membrane

Question 32

Embryonic may be helpful in curing cellular disorders like Parkinson's disease.

A)gametes
B)somatic cells
C)germ cells
D)stem cells

Question 33

Deoxyribonucleic acid has one main function-protein synthesis.

Question 34

The __________ contains organelles.

A)prokaryote
B)nucleus
C)cytoplasm
D)all of these

Question 35

Multicellular organisms have dominated most of the history of life on earth.

Question 36

Which of the following is true of prokaryotes?

A)they are single-celled organisms
B)they lack intercellular compartments
C)they include bacteria
D)all of these

Question 37

Prokaryotes are simple cells with just a nucleus but no organelles.

Question 38

Which of the following can be found within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

A)mitochondria
B)ribosomes
C)RNA
D)glucose

Question 39

In most eukaryotic cells,the most prominent structure is the __________.

A)nucleus
B)mitochondria
C)ribosomes
D)DNA

Question 40

Tissues are comprised of __________.

A)somatic cells
B)stem cells
C)gametes
D)RNA

Question 41

Mitochondria have their own DNA separate from that within the cell's nucleus.

Question 42

Ribosomes appear as little knobs on the __________.

A)nucleus
B)mitochondria
C)cytoplasm
D)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 43

DNA base combinations are always __________.

A)A-T or C-G
B)A-G or C-T
C)G-T or A-C
D)none of these

Question 44

RNA is a single stranded molecule.

Question 45

Nucleotides come together to form __________.

A)proteins
B)cells
C)bases
D)amino acids

Question 46

DNA has to be able to do three things.What are they?

A)replicate,create ATP,and synthesize proteins
B)coordinate the activity of proteins,make the cell's energy,and self-replicate
C)replicate,make proteins,and coordinate the activity of proteins
D)none of these

Question 47

Which of the following bases ARE found only in RNA?

A)thymine
B)uracil
C)guanine
D)adenine

Question 48

DNA replication requires an entire original strand of DNA to __________.

A)be destroyed
B)mutate
C)split
D)all of these

Question 49

Virtually every cell of the body contains the same copy of DNA.

Question 50

Permanent changes in the DNA of a cell are called mutations.

Question 51

Ribosomes have their own DNA separate from that within the cell's nucleus.

Question 52

The two main functions of DNA are __________.

A)protein synthesis and cell reproduction
B)protein synthesis and ATP production
C)ATP production and cell reproduction
D)there is only one function of DNA - protein synthesis

Question 53

Proteins are synthesized in a cell's __________.

A)RNA
B)nucleus
C)mitochondria
D)ribosomes

Question 54

In DNA, bond to .

A)sugars,purines
B)thymines,pyrimidines
C)phosphates,uraciles
D)sugars,phosphates

Question 55

A nucleotide consists of three parts __________.

A)a phosphate,a sugar,and a ribosome
B)a sugar,a phosphate,and a base
C)a phosphate,a base,and a nucleus
D)a sugar,a base,and a ATP particle

Question 56

The two classes of bases include the __________.

A)cytosines
B)thymines
C)purines
D)adenines

Question 57

Hormones,antibodies,and hemoglobin are all __________.

A)enzymes
B)amino acids
C)catalysts
D)proteins

Question 58

Which of the following organelles is responsible for the production of ATP?

A)the nucleus
B)the endoplasmic reticulum
C)mitochondria
D)ribosomes

Question 59

The basic unit of DNA is a molecule called a __________.

A)nucleotide
B)base
C)thymine
D)prokaryotic cell

Question 60

RNA is essential for carrying out the function of DNA.

A)cell replication
B)energy production
C)cytoplasmic
D)protein synthesis

Question 61

mRNA __________.

A)carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
B)splits a DNA molecule during transcription
C)is completed replicated
D)carries amino acids to a ribosome to be attached to other amino acids

Question 62

Which of the following best defines a gene?

A)a three-base code for an amino acid
B)a three-base code for a polypeptide
C)a multiple-codon code for an amino acid
D)a multiple-codon code for a polypeptide

Question 63

Which of the following structures is smallest?

A)gene
B)codon
C)organelle
D)cell

Question 64

Most of time,DNA is in its chromatin state.That is to say,it is __________.

A)coiled into chromosomes
B)tightly packed
C)in its diploid state
D)existing in uncoiled strands

Question 65

Most of the amino acids are represented by more than one codon.

Question 66

The majority of DNA does not do anything but replicate.

Question 67

The base-pair sequence of DNA is known as __________.

A)a polypeptide
B)a hormone
C)the genetic code
D)none of these

Question 68

An individual who is homozygous for a gene has __________.

A)different alleles for the gene
B)no alleles for that gene
C)two of the same alleles for that gene
D)only one locus for that particular gene

Question 69

Transcription occurs in the __________.

A)cytoplasm
B)ribosome
C)messenger RNA
D)nucleus

Question 70

Diploid cells have the full amount of chromosomes.

Question 71

Sex cells possess a half the chromosomes of the somatic cells.This is referred to as the __________ number of chromosomes.

A)homologous
B)heterozygous
C)haploid
D)homozygous

Question 72

During cell division,the DNA exists __________.

A)as chromosomes
B)in its chromatin state
C)outside the cell
D)as RNA

Question 73

The genetic code is comprised of __________,each representing __________.

A)amino acids,polypeptides
B)codons,genes
C)polypeptides,genes
D)codons,amino acids

Question 74

mRNA post-transcriptional processing involves the mRNA losing exons and keeping introns.

Question 75

Which of the following best defines the term allele?

A)a sex cell
B)the location of a gene on a chromosome
C)the state of the DNA before replication
D)a version of a gene

Question 76

Protein synthesis is a two-step process involving __________.

A)transcription and replication
B)replication and translation
C)transcription and translation
D)mutation and replication

Question 77

Some of the amino acids essential to creating proteins cannot be synthesized by the body.

Question 78

Two identical daughter cells result from which process?

A)mitosis
B)translation
C)mutation
D)meiosis

Question 79

tRNA __________.

A)carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
B)splits a DNA molecule during transcription
C)is completed replicated
D)carries amino acids to a ribosome to be attached to other amino acids

Question 80

Proteins are comprised of long chains of __________.

A)hormones
B)amino acids
C)hemoglobin
D)enzymes