Deck 8: Two-Group Design: Part 1

Question 1

Select the factor that is NOT unique to experimental designs.

A) random assignment
B) experimental control
C) internal validity
D) covariation

Answer 1

covariation

Question 2

Jace is interested in examining whether productivity is improved when people wear noise-cancelling headphones.To test his hypothesis he decides to bring people into a research laboratory and have them complete an anagram task while either wearing noise-cancelling headphones or not.Jace can _____ the independence and _____ the control of his study by conducting participants one at a time.

A) decrease;increase
B) increase;increase
C) decrease;decrease
D) increase;decrease

Answer 2

increase;increase

Question 3

In a study examining the effect of ignoring text messages on distraction,trying to ignore text messages is the _____ variable,whereas the amount of distraction is the _____ variable.

A) dependent;independent
B) independent;dependent
C) independent;experimental
D) dependent;experimental

Answer 3

independent;dependent

Question 4

Camila is interested in examining whether people who have more frequent access to pictures have better memory.Which of the following represents the null hypothesis for her study?

A) Frequent access to pictures will lead to better memory.
B) Frequent access to pictures will lead to worse memory.
C) Frequent access to pictures will affect memory.
D) Frequent access to pictures will not affect memory.

Question 5

If a personality psychologist was interested in examining the relationship between people's educational level and extraversion,the best operational definition of educational level would be:

A) participants' self-reported IQ.
B) how much time participants reading books compared to watching TV.
C) observers' rating of how intelligent participants appeared.
D) the highest degree earned by each participant.

Question 6

Duncan designed a study to examine whether sunscreen with a higher SPF was able to protect participants from sunburn better than sunscreen with a lower SPF.To test this,he randomly assigned half of his participants to wear a sunscreen with a SPF of 50.The other half were assigned to wear a sunscreen with a SFP of 35.After five hours in the sun,he compared the level of sunburn across the groups.Which of the following would indicate that his two-group experimental study yielded a significant difference?

A) t(101)= 5.31,p = .09,d = .29
B) t(101)= 8.62,p = .03,d = .67
C) t(101)= 1.61,p = .15,d = .22
D) t(101)= 2.89,p = .72,d = .30

Question 7

By choosing to conduct a study in a research laboratory instead of its natural setting,researchers gain _____,but lose _____.

A) internal validity;generalizability
B) internal validity;independence
C) generalizability;internal validity
D) generalizability;independence

Question 8

Lucy is using her newfound scientific appreciation to study phenomena in her own life.This week she wants to conduct an experiment to test whether the dryer is shrinking her jeans.In her study,jeans that are washed and then air dried are her _____ condition.

A) control
B) experimental
C) null
D) independent

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct order of operations for conducting an experiment?

A) interpret your data,conduct the study,develop a hypothesis,review previous literature
B) conduct the study,interpret your data,review previous literature,develop a hypothesis
C) develop a hypothesis,conduct the study,interpret your data,review previous literature
D) review previous literature,develop a hypothesis,conduct the study,interpret your data

Question 10

Unlike a correlation,the two-group experimental design allows researchers to:

A) examine real life phenomena.
B) investigate naturally occurring relationships.
C) establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
D) study covariation.

Question 11

You end up recruiting college students who were readily available,cheap,and easy to use as your participants.Your selection of participants represents a _____ sample.

A) stratified
B) representative
C) convenience
D) random

Question 12

Suppose an experimenter were examining the relationship between texting and driving and found that there was no difference between the experimental and control groups in typical cell phone use,previous texting experience,or driving history.This would serve to:

A) identify weaknesses of the current study that must be reexamined through replication.
B) rule out possible alternative explanations.
C) show that the manipulation of the independent variable did not affect the dependent variable.
D) reveal extraneous variables that can explain the obtained research findings.

Question 13

To experimentally test the adage "An apple a day keeps the doctor away," Anika randomly assigned 50 participants to eat an apple every day for one month and assigned 50 participants not to eat any apples during the month-long study period.At the end of the study,she asked all 100 participants how many apples they ate in a given day.This question served as her:

A) experimental hypothesis.
B) internal validity.
C) manipulation check.
D) mundane realism.

Question 14

Bianca is interested in examining whether traffic is related to aggressive behavior.If she measures aggressive behavior,operationalized as horn blowing frequency,observed on a local highway,rather than in a driving simulator,she would have had greater _____,but less _____.

A) internal validity;mundane realism
B) internal validity;independence
C) mundane realism;generalizability
D) mundane realism;independence

Question 15

Felipe is interested in testing whether people are more likely to take gummy vitamins than regular (hard pill)vitamins.In his study,the experimental group is composed of participants who take _____,and his control group is comprised of participants who take _____.

A) gummy vitamins;no vitamins
B) gummy vitamins: regular vitamins
C) regular vitamins;gummy vitamins
D) regular vitamins;no vitamins

Question 16

For the study described in this chapter,the _____ asked whether trying to ignore a text message leads to distraction,whereas the _____ stated that participants in the highly restricted cell phone use group will have worse test performance than those who are allowed to check their cell phones.

A) hypothesis;research question
B) hypothesis;theory
C) research question;hypothesis
D) research question;theory

Question 17

Professor Mateo is designing an experiment to test whether playing music during his exams improves students' grades.Which of the following will increase the mundane realism of his study?

A) conducting the study in his classroom
B) conducting the study in a research laboratory
C) assessing students while taking a practice exam that does not count toward their final grade
D) having students imagine that they are listening to music as they take their exam

Question 18

The experiment tested in this chapter,which examined the effect of ignoring text messages on participants' levels of distraction,was a:

A) one-group design.
B) two-group design.
C) three-group design.
D) four-group design.

Question 19

In designing an experimental study,the research question is to the experimental hypothesis as:

A) broad is to narrow.
B) thin is to wide.
C) limited is to boundless.
D) rational is to imaginative.

Question 20

In an experiment designed to examine the effect of watching horror movies on the risk of heart attacks,participants in the experimental condition would be assigned to:

A) watch horror movies.
B) watch romantic comedies.
C) not watch horror movies.
D) not watch romantic comedies.