Deck 15: Nutrition From Infancy Through Adolescence

Question 1

According to present day growth charts, an infant will double his or her birth weight at about ______ months of age.

A) 5
B) 3
C) 2
D) 9

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Essential fatty acids should provide about _______________% of total fat intake for infants

Answer 2

15 fifteen

Question 3

In the short-term, gains in ____________ are a good indicator of nutritional status. The best indicator of long-term nutritional status in a child is gains in ____________

Answer 3

weight; height weight, height weight; length weight, length

Question 4

According to current growth charts, an infant can be expected to _______________ his or her birth weight by 1 year of age.

Question 5

According to current growth charts, an infant can be expected to increase his or her birth length by _______________ percent in 1 year

Question 6

Mild deficiencies of the mineral _______________ in children in the United States have been linked to poor growth

Question 7

Foreign proteins that cause adverse reactions in the body are called _______________

Question 8

An infant requires approximately _______________ cups of fluids per day

Question 9

In general, premature infants can be expected to reach normal height and weight by _______________ to _______________ years

Question 10

Freddie is 8 months old and weighs 9 kilograms. He needs about ______ grams of protein per day

Question 11

For a girl, undernutrition could be expected to have its greatest effect on height if it occurs

A) before the onset of menses.
B) 2 years after the onset of menses.
C) 1 year after the onset of menses.
D) 3 years after the onset of menses.

Question 12

Teenagers get approximately one-fourth to one-third of their total energy intake from ___________.

Question 13

The single best indicator of a child's nutritional status is _______________.

Question 14

____________ is an appropriate nutrient supplement for most breastfed infants

Question 15

Per kilogram of body weight, the energy needs of a six-month-old infant are approximately ______ to ______ times higher than adult needs

Question 16

Newborn infants are routinely given injections of _______________.

Question 17

An infant's length will increase by ______ percent in the first year.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 35
D) 50

Question 18

"Nursing bottle syndrome" results in _______________ in bottle-fed infants

Question 19

Adequate _________ status can reduce lead absorption

Question 20

A mineral that may be less than adequate in the diets of adolescent girls is ____________

Question 21

The fluid requirements of the infant are approximately __________ cups per day.

A) 2
B) 1
C) 4
D) 3

Question 22

The greatest energy requirement per unit of body weight occurs during

A) pregnancy.
B) infancy.
C) lactation.
D) childhood.

Question 23

For children 3 years of age and older, the most useful growth charts are

A) BMI for age.
B) head circumference and height for age.
C) weight for height and head circumference.
D) weight for age and height for age.

Question 24

Daily protein needs during infancy vary from ______ to ______ grams per day.

A) 5; 10
B) 9; 14
C) 15; 25
D) They are greater than 25 grams per day

Question 25

Essential fatty acids should make up ______ percent of the total fat intake of infants.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true?

A) There is strong evidence that infant obesity will result in adulthood obesity.
B) Obese infants become obese preschool children.
C) Most overweight infants become normal weight preschoolers.
D) Kcalories should be restricted for obese infants to levels less than those for normal weight infants.

Question 27

Based on body weight comparisons, at 6 months of age a child's kcalorie per kilogram body weight needs are approximately how many times higher than adult needs?

A) 1-2
B) 2-3
C) 2-4
D) 5-6

Question 28

Human milk provides _______ percent of kcalories from protein.

A) 6-7
B) 7-8
C) 9-10
D) >15

Question 29

Susie is 3 years old. At her most recent checkup she was at the 20th percentile for height. This means that

A) 79 of 100 girls her age are shorter than she is.
B) 19 of 100 girls her age are shorter than she is.
C) 79 of 100 girls her age are taller than she is.
D) 20 girls her age are taller than she is.

Question 30

Human milk provides ______ percent of kcalories from fat.

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 31

Approximately one third of children in developing nations are short and underweight for their age. The most frequent cause is

A) weaning to high-carbohydrate, low-protein diets.
B) diets low in essential fatty acids.
C) weaning to low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets.
D) diets high in protein.

Question 32

Mildred is worried about her infant becoming obese in adulthood. Which of the following would not be accurate information if you were attempting to counsel her?

A) Fat cells can increase in number during infancy and adulthood.
B) If she limits kcalories during infancy, the growth of other organ systems may be retarded.
C) Most obese infants become normal weight preschoolers.
D) Her infant should eat 20 percent of his or her kcalories as fat to prevent obesity.

Question 33

What vitamin routinely is given by injection to all infants at birth?

A) A
B) E
C) K
D) D

Question 34

Infants who are born prematurely will catch up in growth by

A) 6 months.
B) 1 year.
C) 2 to 3 years.
D) 4 to 5 years.

Question 35

Breast milk contains approximately how many kcalories per quart?

A) 450
B) 570
C) 600
D) 640

Question 36

Iron stores present at birth generally are depleted by ______ to ______ months.

A) 1; 2
B) 4; 6
C) 6; 8
D) 8; 10

Question 37

Brain growth is most rapid in infancy but stops by about what age?

A) 9 months
B) 18 months
C) 24 months
D) 3 years

Question 38

The most sensitive indicator of long-term nutrient intake in a child is

A) weight.
B) height.
C) head circumference.
D) fusion of bone ends.

Question 39

Many formula products for infants contain

A) lactose, heat-treated cows' milk protein, and vegetable oils.
B) soy protein, glucose, and vegetable oils.
C) fructose and heat-treated cow's milk protein.
D) galactose and vegetable oils.

Question 40

The new WHO growth standards stress that _______________ is the biological norm for infant nutrition.

A) feeding infant formula
B) breastfeeding
C) feeding cows' milk
D) feeding infant formula and cereal

Question 41

Egg whites should not be fed to children before 1 year of age because

A) they contain poor quality protein.
B) early introduction may result in an allergic reaction.
C) cooked egg white contains avidin, which might block biotin absorption.
D) they create an iron deficiency.

Question 42

High-fiber diets are

A) recommended for infants after 4 months of age.
B) recommended for infants after 6 months of age.
C) not recommended for infants.
D) recommended for breastfed infants only.

Question 43

The food needs of preschool children are relatively great and it may be important to

A) serve high-fat foods.
B) provide vitamin supplements.
C) withhold liquids until after meals.
D) serve snacks daily in addition to meals.

Question 44

All of the following are true about readiness to add solid foods to an infant's diet except

A) the infant has head and neck control.
B) the infant is consuming more than 32 ounces of formula or breast-feeding more than 8-10 times per day.
C) the infant is able to put food in its mouth.
D) the infant is at least 13 pounds.

Question 45

All of the following practices may help to reduce lead exposure except

A) ensuring adequate iron, zinc, calcium, thiamin, and vitamin E intakes.
B) consuming a variety of whole grains, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products.
C) using hot instead of cold tap water to prepare foods and beverages.
D) allowing cold water to run from the tap for 2 - 3 minutes after a long period of inactivity.

Question 46

The first solid foods usually introduced into an infant's milk diet are

A) egg whites.
B) pureed meats.
C) pureed fruits.
D) iron-fortified cereals.

Question 47

At age 4 to 6 months an infant can do all the following except

A) sit up.
B) turn his or her head away when he or she feels full.
C) control tongue thrust.
D) handle finger foods.

Question 48

Preschool children should be encouraged to try new foods. If a child is reluctant to do so, it is best to

A) ask that he or she at least taste it.
B) withhold dessert until what is on the plate is eaten.
C) quietly remove it and never try again.
D) encourage other family members to coax him or her to eat.

Question 49

All of the following are true about "nursing bottle syndrome" except

A) it causes tooth decay in bottle-fed infants.
B) it is associated with an infant keeping a bottle in his or her mouth while sleeping.
C) it results from the teeth being bathed in carbohydrate-rich fluid.
D) it is associated with not brushing the infant's gums at least 3 times per week.

Question 50

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the best age to introduce solid foods into the infant's diet is

A) less than 1 month.
B) 1 to 4 months.
C) 4 to 6 months.
D) over 8 months.

Question 51

Weight gain during the second through about the eighth year of life is about ______ pounds per year.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 52

Infants need fat because it aids in absorption of several vitamins and also helps the ______________ to develop.

A) kidneys
B) nervous system
C) reproductive system
D) skin

Question 53

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is true?

A) Food allergens may contribute to ASD by altering cardiovascular system function.
B) Autism spectrum disorder can both affect and be affected by nutritional status.
C) Research shows a causal link between childhood vaccinations and ASD.
D) Nutritional interventions are useless in the treatment of ASD.

Question 54

Feeding problems may develop during the preschool years partially because of

A) decreased appetite associated with decreased growth rate.
B) increased appetite associated with increased growth rate.
C) increased metabolic rate.
D) increased need for finger foods.

Question 55

Which of the following is not true about snacks for preschool children?

A) They are inappropriate and should be avoided.
B) They are appropriate if timed so that appetite is not impaired at meals.
C) They can assist in introducing children to new foods.
D) They are appropriate if the snack contributes to the total day's nutrient intake.

Question 56

Which foods would you suggest adding to the diet of a preschool child who needs increased iron intake?

A) Lean meats
B) Milk
C) Orange juice
D) Egg whites

Question 57

All of the following should be omitted from an infant's diet except

A) iron.
B) low-fat milk.
C) hot dogs.
D) honey.

Question 58

It is impractical to introduce solid foods into an infant's diet before 4 to 6 months of age, because until that time

A) kidney function is limited.
B) starch-digesting enzymes are not very active.
C) food allergies are less likely.
D) head and neck control are not established.

Question 59

Iron-deficiency anemia in the latter part of infancy is associated with

A) a diet containing few solid foods.
B) a diet dominated by commercial infant cereals.
C) medicinal iron supplements.
D) a diet dominated by carbohydrates.

Question 60

Popular and potentially useful nutritional interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder include all of the following except

A) a low-fat diet.
B) omega-3 fatty acid supplements.
C) the gluten-free, casein-free diet.
D) probiotics.

Question 61

In children under 3 years of age the most common type of food allergy is

A) eggs.
B) milk.
C) peanuts.
D) shellfish.

Question 62

Teenagers are at risk of deficiency in which of the following nutrients?

A) Fats and protein
B) Calcium and folate
C) Calcium and iron
D) Iron and sodium

Question 63

All of the following are recommended to help preschoolers eat vegetables except

A) show the child you like vegetables.
B) promise dessert when vegetables are eaten.
C) offer new vegetables with familiar foods.
D) serve vegetables undercooked and crunchy.

Question 64

Which of the following in not a common food allergen?

A) Fruits
B) Corn
C) Nuts
D) Seafood

Question 65

In adults the most common type of food allergy is

A) eggs.
B) milk.
C) peanuts.
D) shellfish.

Question 66

Absence of breakfast for children is associated with

A) increased attention span and decreased performance in sports.
B) decreased performance in school and no impact on attention span.
C) decreased performance in school and decreased attention span.
D) decreased performance in sports and no impact on attention span.

Question 67

Which of the following minerals may be low in the diets of adolescent girls?

A) Calcium and phosphorus
B) Iron and calcium
C) Magnesium and zinc
D) Iron and phosphorus

Question 68

Which of the following is an appropriate feeding philosophy for children?

A) Parents should be responsible for choosing how much and when the child should eat.
B) Parents should present a variety of nutritious food choices and avoid making the dinner table into a battleground.
C) Children should be forced to eat what is good for them.
D) Parents should present nutritious food choices and not worry about their own eating habits.

Question 69

Which of the following is a reliable indicator of generally good nutrition status in young children?

A) The presence of subcutaneous fat
B) Consumption of foods from several groups
C) Regular gains in height and weight
D) The child's interest in a variety of foods

Question 70

Children will more effectively develop the breakfast eating habit if

A) they are driven to school so that they have time to eat.
B) parents eat breakfast with them.
C) breakfast is prepared for them to eat while their parents are dressing for work.
D) they are given money to buy breakfast on the way to school.

Question 71

Approximately what percentage of obese children become obese adults?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 72

For a child who follows a totally vegetarian diet, all of the following nutrients are of concern except

A) iron.
B) vitamin B-12.
C) Vitamin D
D) fiber.

Question 73

An adverse reaction to a food that does not involve the immune system is

A) a food allergy.
B) a food intolerance.
C) anaphylaxis.
D) a food deterrence.

Question 74

Today most females reach their full height

A) by menarche.
B) within 7 months of menarche.
C) within 5 years after menarche.
D) by the age of 19.

Question 75

MyPyramid for Kids promotes

A) good dental hygiene.
B) a vegetarian lifestyle.
C) total avoidance of fats and sweets.
D) early development of healthy eating and exercise habits.

Question 76

Which of the following is true about teens and vegetable consumption?

A) Most teens generally get all of their vegetable requirements on a daily basis.
B) Most of a teen's vegetable intake is from pizza sauce.
C) Potato chips and French fries make up more than one-third of the vegetable intake of teens.
D) Vegetable nutrients are not important during teenage development.

Question 77

All of the following are characteristic of food allergies except

A) they are a disorder of the immune system.
B) they are most frequently linked to milk, eggs, nuts, or wheat.
C) once they develop, they are always permanent.
D) they can cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Question 78

The adolescent growth spurt

A) begins earlier in boys than girls.
B) begins earlier in girls than boys.
C) decreases energy and nutrient needs.
D) begins at the same age for boys and girls.

Question 79

For the more than 30% of school-age children who are overweight or obese, experts generally recommend

A) severe caloric restriction.
B) limiting physical activity to avoid stressing the joints.
C) early diabetes and cholesterol screening.
D) bariatric surgery.

Question 80

Adolescents obtain ______ percent of their energy and nutrient intakes from snacks.

A) 15 to 23
B) 25 to 33
C) 43 to 53
D) 50 to 63