Deck 12: Undernutrition Throughout the World

Question 1

____________ is a form of undernutrition caused by an extremely deficient intake of calories, protein, or both. Two examples of this type of malnutrition are kwashiorkor and marasmus

Answer 1

Protein-calorie malnutrition Protein calorie malnutrition PCM Protein-energy malnutrition Protein energy malnutrition PEM

Question 2

One of the best ways to decrease the population aspect of the food/population ratio is for countries to institute _______________ programs

Answer 2

birth control contraception

Question 3

The root cause of hunger and undernutrition in the United States continues to be _______________.

Answer 3

poverty

Question 4

Most hungry people in the world live on the continent of _______________.

Question 5

Since the early 1900s, the role of the _______________ in providing food assistance to the poor has steadily increased

Question 6

What is the term to describe failing health that results from a long-standing dietary intake that either fails to meet or greatly exceeds nutritional needs?

A) Undernutrition
B) Overnutrition
C) Emaciation
D) Malnutrition

Question 7

_______________ is the physiological state that results when not enough food is eaten to meet energy needs.

Question 8

____________ is the condition of impaired development or function caused by a long-term deficiency, excess, or imbalance of calories, nutrients, or both.

Question 9

Using living things to manufacture products and improve production and yield of foods is called _______________.

Question 10

The roots of undernutrition in the United States are mainly _______________, economic, and socioeconomic rather than technical. As policies of the federal government change, so does the problem of undernutrition.

Question 11

The organ system most affected by undernutrition in infancy and early childhood is the _______________.

Question 12

Humans are particularly susceptible to the effects of undernutrition during periods of rapid growth, such as during ____________

Question 13

Failing health that results from a long-standing dietary intake that does not meet nutritional needs is termed

A) starvation.
B) undernutrition.
C) emaciation.
D) chronic hunger.

Question 14

Housing, sanitation and storage facilities, and education, communication, and transportation systems are called a country's _______________.

Question 15

In light of its devastating toll on families, a big step toward alleviating poverty and hunger in sub-Saharan Africa and many other developing nations would be to limit the spread of the disease, ____________

Question 16

According to the ____________ approach, improving women's access to education, information and communication technologies, resources, and governance will help to propel nations out of poverty

Question 17

The acronym AIDS stands for _______________.

Question 18

____________ is malnutrition that results from an inadequate intake, absorption, or utilization of the nutrients or calories needed for optimal growth, development, and body function.

Question 19

In terms of population migration and distribution, a movement from _______________ areas to _______________ areas tends to make the problem of undernutrition worse in the world

Question 20

The primary cause of chronic hunger is _______________.

Question 21

Impaired development or function that results from an inadequate intake, absorption, or utilization of the nutrients needed for optimal growth, development, and body function is best termed

A) malnutrition.
B) undernutrition.
C) malabsorption.
D) hunger.

Question 22

Which of the following is true about semistarvation?

A) Impairment does not occur if there are no clinical symptoms.
B) Often the first sign that tissues are being affected is a biochemical change that may be detectable by a blood test.
C) Physical symptoms often appear before evidence of biochemical changes.
D) Action to correct undernutrition should only be taken when clinical symptoms are detected.

Question 23

All of the following are results of undernutrition except

A) reduction of activity.
B) blindness from xerophthalmia.
C) iron-deficiency anemia.
D) coronary heart disease.

Question 24

Which of the following is not true about the history of nutrition assistance programs in the United States?

A) Food assistance programs developed in the 1960s and 1970s are not relevant to the current problem of undernutrition in the United States.
B) The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 expanded food assistance benefits for low-income families.
C) Reducing funding for federal nutrition programs affects the amount of undernutrition in the United States.
D) More than 150,000 charitable food programs help to address unmet needs of undernourished Americans.

Question 25

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children

A) provides breakfast for school children.
B) provides food vouchers and nutrition education to low-income pregnant and lactating women and their young children.
C) has not been shown to be cost effective.
D) has not been shown to reduce the numbers of low-birth-weight babies.

Question 26

The primary cause of chronic hunger is

A) poverty.
B) lack of technological advances.
C) cultural food preferences.
D) lack of large farms in Third World countries.

Question 27

The human organism is particularly susceptible to effects of undernutrition during all of the following periods except

A) infancy.
B) pregnancy.
C) preschool years.
D) adulthood.

Question 28

The major cause of undernutrition in the United States is

A) political.
B) not enough food for everyone.
C) lack of technological advances.
D) inadequate use of biotechnology.

Question 29

The way hunger is best addressed in the United States is through

A) providing more jobs at fast-food restaurants.
B) rallying private groups to provide food.
C) providing more federal, state, and local governmental food subsidy programs and funding.
D) developing better technology for growing and providing food.

Question 30

The majority of hungry people live in

A) Africa.
B) Asia.
C) Latin America.
D) Europe.

Question 31

Which of the following is true about chronic hunger in the world?

A) Chronic hunger is not found in developed countries.
B) Hunger, by definition, is when someone eats no food for a long period of time.
C) The primary cause of hunger is poverty.
D) Hunger is the psychological and physiological state that results when enough food is eaten to meet energy needs.

Question 32

The consequences of undernutrition are most critical during

A) adulthood.
B) elementary school years.
C) infancy.
D) elderly years.

Question 33

Don is suffering from malnutrition. Which of the following might be true of his condition?

A) This means that he must be undernourished.
B) This means that he must be experiencing chronic hunger.
C) This means that he must be experiencing a vitamin deficiency.
D) He could be suffering from undernutrition or overnutrition.

Question 34

All of the following are true about undernutrition during pregnancy except

A) mother and fetus both are affected.
B) only the mother is affected significantly.
C) iron-deficiency anemia is a possible consequence in the mother.
D) risk of maternal death is increased.

Question 35

Which of the following is not true regarding the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?

A) SNAP is the new name for the Food Stamp Program.
B) SNAP participants can use benefits to purchase food and garden seeds to grow food.
C) The target beneficiaries of SNAP are pregnant or lactating women and their children.
D) The Recovery Act increased benefits for SNAP participants.

Question 36

Which of the following is not true about the effects of undernutrition in poor countries?

A) Iron and zinc deficiency both can lead to poor immune function.
B) Ill health that results from nutritional deficiencies can diminish the ability of citizens to perform at peak levels of physical and mental capacity.
C) Symptoms of underweight rarely result in deficiencies.
D) People in poor countries often have greater nutrient requirements for iron because they must combat rampant parasite and other infections.

Question 37

All of the following are effects of semistarvation except

A) decreased energy level and strength.
B) poor concentration.
C) lack of hunger and appetite.
D) reduced immunity.

Question 38

The homeless in the United States are at increased risk of undernutrition. Which of the following is true about the homeless?

A) Most of them are alcoholics.
B) Most of them are lazy.
C) Many are members of families with children.
D) All are poorly educated.

Question 39

Approximately how many Americans live at or near the poverty level of $21,200 annually for a family of four?

A) 5 million
B) 17 million
C) 50 million
D) 36 million

Question 40

The food assistance program developed in the 1960s to help whole families purchase healthy foods is the

A) School Breakfast Program.
B) School Lunch Program.
C) Food Stamp Program (now Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program).
D) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

Question 41

Which of the following is not true about sustainable agriculture?

A) Sustainable agriculture offers respect and fair treatment to farm workers, consumers, and the animals raised for food.
B) Sustainable agriculture maintains the natural environment and resources.
C) Sustainable agricultural practices have a promising role in developed nations, but probably would not benefit farmers and consumers in developing nations.
D) Sustainable agriculture provides a secure living for farm families.

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of genetic engineering?

A) Cross-breeding wheat and corn
B) Educating farmers about the advantages of one type of rice over another
C) Developing new, biodegradable pesticides
D) Changing DNA inside grape seeds so they produce their own pesticide to prevent attack by insects

Question 43

Homeless children suffer high rates of all of the following medical conditions except

A) upper respiratory tract infections.
B) tooth decay.
C) poor vision.
D) developmental delays.

Question 44

All of the following are obstacles to solving problems of undernutrition in developing nations except

A) an imbalance between food/population ratios.
B) poor infrastructure.
C) lack of available technology that could be taught to the populations.
D) war.

Question 45

Which of the following is the best approach to preventing famine in developing nations?

A) Increase the productivity of rural people by teaching them farming methods so they can build agricultural surpluses to eat and sell.
B) Developed countries should send food and medicine.
C) Developing countries should grow cash crops.
D) Discourage having livestock.

Question 46

Which of the following is the best approach to eradicating undernutrition in developing nations?

A) Have developed countries give direct food aid to underdeveloped countries
B) Improve the infrastructure of rural people
C) Establish large farms
D) Provide more jobs in urban centers

Question 47

Elements influencing food/population ratio include all of the following except

A) high socioeconomic status.
B) war and political/civil unrest.
C) rapid depletion of natural resources.
D) AIDS.

Question 48

Which of the following is true about homelessness and undernutrition in America?

A) The homeless have plenty of resources; they just fail to utilize them.
B) Homeless children are about half as likely to experience hunger compared to children living in homes.
C) The rate of homelessness has declined over the last 25 years.
D) The recent increase in homelessness stems from a shortage of affordable rental housing coupled with an increase in poverty.

Question 49

The "green revolution" is a

A) movement that increased crop yields.
B) strategy to get countries to stop using fertilizers.
C) movement to prevent the destruction of rain forests.
D) Third World crop planting strategy that avoids pesticide and organic fertilizer use.

Question 50

All of the following are socioeconomic factors affecting hunger in the Unites States except

A) poverty.
B) homelessness.
C) political influences.
D) weather.

Question 51

A promising strategy to help other countries increase food resources is

A) to use "green revolution" technologies.
B) to establish large farms that grows cash crops.
C) to try to obtain more food from the oceans.
D) to cut down rain forests so there is more farmable land.

Question 52

Which of the following is not true about AIDS?

A) It is transmitted in body fluids.
B) After infection with the HIV virus, AIDS symptoms generally begin showing within a year.
C) Eating a balanced diet cannot prevent or stave off HIV infection.
D) Eating a good diet cannot cure the disease.

Question 53

According to the conceptual framework of malnutrition developed by the United Nations Children's Fund in 1990, the underlying causes of malnutrition include

A) insufficient health services.
B) human and economic resources.
C) inadequate dietary intake and unsatisfactory health.
D) inadequate access to food and health services.

Question 54

Which of the following is not true about acquired immune deficiency syndrome worldwide?

A) The transmission pattern is different in developed versus developing countries.
B) Africa is the continent that has been hardest hit.
C) The United States is the country hardest hit.
D) Developing countries have the most infections.

Question 55

The manipulation of nature (plants, animals, and bacteria) to increase production and food yield and the use of living things to manufacture products is called

A) biofeedback.
B) gene splicing.
C) biotechnology.
D) agribusiness.

Question 56

Which of the following factors will adversely affect the nutritional status of a country?

A) Movement of the population to urban centers
B) Maintenance of rural, small farms
C) Movement away from the growth of cash crops
D) Discouraging the establishment of large farms

Question 57

Manipulating the DNA inside cells to improve production of materials or the material itself is called

A) social engineering.
B) translation.
C) transcription.
D) genetic engineering.

Question 58

All of the following adversely affect the food/population ratio except

A) scientific advances that increase food production.
B) lack of birth control.
C) lack of food distribution methods.
D) lack of farmable land.

Question 59

The single most effective health advantage for people wherever they live is

A) adequate kcalorie intake.
B) safe and convenient water supply.
C) well built shelter.
D) adequate water intake.

Question 60

Which of the following is not true about "new biotechnology"?

A) It has no beneficial applications that are without significant risks.
B) Most of the possible risks of its use are uncertain at this time.
C) Most soybeans produced in the United States are genetically engineered.
D) It is unlikely, at this point in time, that it will be a helpful solution to the undernutrition problem in developing nations.

Question 61

Which of the following is not true about the social and economic impact of AIDS?

A) AIDS tends to have the greatest social and economic impact on developing countries.
B) AIDS will have the greatest economic impact on the United States.
C) Most governments have responded slowly to the AIDS epidemic.
D) A significant portion of the male population of many developing countries will be lost to AIDS and will decrease the workforce that can make a country more productive.

Question 62

Which of the following is true about the type of person who gets AIDS?

A) It is limited to homosexuals.
B) It is limited to African-Americans.
C) Only males get it.
D) Anyone who engages in sexual activity without a condom or shares needles during intravenous drug use can get it.