Deck 4: Carbohydrates

Question 1

A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of

A) two monosaccharides.
B) two polysaccharides.
C) one monosaccharide and one polysaccharide.
D) two oligosaccharides.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

After absorption, galactose is converted to ________ in the liver.

A) glucose
B) fructose
C) glycogen
D) lactose

Answer 2

A

Question 3

_______________ is the major monosaccharide found in the body

Answer 3

Glucose Dextrose

Question 4

Milk sugar is known as _______________.

Question 5

Polysaccharides that cannot be digested by human digestive enzymes, and therefore cannot be absorbed, are called _______________

Question 6

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the _______________.

Question 7

The disaccharides important in nutrition are sucrose, maltose, and _______________.

Question 8

The red blood cells and brain are two body tissues that derive most of their energy from ____________

Question 9

_______________ are products from partial fat metabolism as a result of too little dietary carbohydrate

Question 10

_______________ is a condition in which one lacks lactase. Symptoms include gas and bloating after consuming dairy products

Question 11

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

A) Galactose
B) Fructose
C) Lactose
D) Glucose

Question 12

The hormone _______________ is released from the pancreas when blood glucose is elevated above a normal range.

Question 13

The monosaccharides important in nutrition are fructose, glucose, and _______________.

Question 14

_______________ are the main problem associated with excessive sugar intake

Question 15

The major source of glucose released to elevate a low blood glucose level is _______________.

Question 16

Many health authorities recommend that Americans consume within the range of _______________% of their total calories from carbohydrate

Question 17

Major fructose sources include

A) milk and cheese.
B) fruits and high fructose corn syrup.
C) fruits and vegetables.
D) nuts and seeds.

Question 18

The recommendations for a high-carbohydrate diet refer to one that is ______ in complex carbohydrates and ______ in simple carbohydrates

Question 19

The main function of glucose is to supply _______________ for the body

Question 20

Dietary fiber may play a role in the prevention of _______________ cancer

Question 21

Of the following, which is a major source of sucrose?

A) Alcohol
B) Fruits
C) Grains
D) Sugar cane

Question 22

Which of the following is not true of carbohydrate absorption?

A) Monosaccharides can enter the villi.
B) End products of carbohydrate digestion are transported through the portal vein to the liver.
C) Maltose is transported through the portal vein to the liver.
D) Disaccharides are digested to monosaccharides by enzymes attached to intestinal cells.

Question 23

The term "simple carbohydrates" refers to

A) starch.
B) monosaccharides and disaccharides.
C) fiber.
D) polysaccharides.

Question 24

What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?

A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Galactose
D) Sucrose

Question 25

The major symptoms of lactose intolerance are

A) gas, abdominal pain, and distention.
B) a rash, sneezing, and stuffy nose.
C) a headache and chest pain.
D) nausea and vomiting.

Question 26

In the U.S. diet, carbohydrate supplies approximately what percentage of total kcalories?

A) 15%
B) 35%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 27

Simple sugars in large quantities have been shown to

A) cause obesity.
B) promote tooth decay.
C) cause diabetes mellitus.
D) cause hyperactivity.

Question 28

Which of the following describes the process of starch digestion?

A) Starch to lactose to galactose
B) Starch to maltose to glucose
C) Starch to glycogen to glucose
D) Starch to sucrose to fructose

Question 29

Glucose also is known as

A) levulose.
B) ribose.
C) maltose.
D) dextrose.

Question 30

What enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?

A) Salivary amylase
B) Bicarbonate
C) Pancreatic proteases
D) Pancreatic amylase

Question 31

Which of the following is a major source of lactose?

A) Skim milk
B) Broccoli
C) Apples
D) Honey

Question 32

Amylase is

A) an enzyme that digests protein.
B) a branched chain of glucose units.
C) an enzyme that digests starch.
D) a straight chain of glucose units.

Question 33

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

A) stomach with gastric lipase.
B) stomach with salivary amylase.
C) mouth with salivary amylase.
D) small intestine with pancreatic amylase.

Question 34

Which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion?

A) Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins.
B) Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.
C) Chewing food does not assist in carbohydrate digestion.
D) Saliva production does not influence starch digestion.

Question 35

The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called

A) biosynthesis.
B) anabolism.
C) photosynthesis.
D) glycogenesis.

Question 36

The monosaccharides important in nutrition are

A) glucose, fructose, and lactose.
B) fructose, glucose, and galactose.
C) fructose, glucose, and maltose.
D) sucrose, fructose, and glucose.

Question 37

Lactose intolerance is caused by

A) a milk allergy.
B) lactase deficiency.
C) milk bacteria.
D) intestinal bacteria.

Question 38

What is the fate of disaccharides not digested in the small intestine?

A) They pass into the colon and are absorbed.
B) They pass into the colon and are fermented by bacteria.
C) They are absorbed and converted to glycogen.
D) They are absorbed and converted to fat.

Question 39

Glucose is absorbed via ______ absorption.

A) passive
B) facilitated
C) active
D) participatory

Question 40

Which of the following is true?

A) Glucose and glucose form sucrose.
B) Glucose and fructose form lactose.
C) Glucose and galactose form lactose.
D) Glucose and galactose form maltose.

Question 41

Which of the following is not a nonfermentable (insoluble) fiber?

A) Cellulose
B) Hemicellulose
C) Gum
D) Lignin

Question 42

Glycogen is

A) a highly branched polysaccharide.
B) stored in the absence of dietary carbohydrate.
C) a straight chain of glucoses linked together.
D) a hormone for blood glucose regulation.

Question 43

Which of the following hormones is released to correct a hypoglycemic state?

A) Insulin
B) Testosterone
C) Estrogen
D) Glucagon

Question 44

For which of the following is glucose most critical as an energy source?

A) Muscles
B) Brain
C) Liver
D) Heart

Question 45

Dietary fibers primarily are

A) polysaccharides.
B) polypeptides.
C) disaccharides.
D) monosaccharides.

Question 46

Amylose is

A) a long, straight glucose chain.
B) branched glucose chains.
C) a long, straight fatty acid chain.
D) branched amino acid chains.

Question 47

The major storage sites for glycogen are

A) muscles and liver.
B) kidney and muscles.
C) liver and kidney.
D) liver and pancreas.

Question 48

The main function of glucose is to

A) serve as raw material to build tissue.
B) work with enzymes to carry out chemical reactions.
C) repair tissue.
D) supply energy.

Question 49

Which of the following is not true of dietary fibers?

A) They are mostly polysaccharides.
B) The bonds between sugar units cannot be broken by human digestive enzymes.
C) They cannot be absorbed by the small intestine.
D) They are absorbed in the large intestine.

Question 50

Which of the following hormones is released during stressful times to increase blood glucose levels, making more energy available for use?

A) Insulin
B) Epinephrine
C) Glycogen
D) Progesterone

Question 51

You are on a diet and eating less than 50 grams of carbohydrate per day. The claim made in the diet educational materials is that carbohydrate is the main culprit in being overweight, so it must be restricted. Which of the following will happen as a result of this low carbohydrate diet?

A) Proteins in muscles, heart, and other vital organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs.
B) Fat will be broken down and used as the exclusive fuel, leading to considerable fat loss and little health risk.
C) Ketones will be produced from partial protein metabolism to be used for energy.
D) Fat will be broken down and converted to glucose that will be used as the primary energy source.

Question 52

When insulin is released, it causes

A) the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood.
B) muscle and fat cells to increase glucose uptake.
C) fat breakdown in fat tissue.
D) the liver to make glycogen from protein.

Question 53

Starch is comprised of hundreds and perhaps thousands of which molecule?

A) Fructose
B) Glycerol
C) Glucose
D) Galactose

Question 54

Which of the following hormones corrects a hyperglycemic state?

A) Insulin
B) Epinephrine
C) Cortisol
D) Glucagon

Question 55

Which organ will first receive sugars after they are absorbed into the blood?

A) Kidney
B) Heart
C) Liver
D) Pancreas

Question 56

Which of the following has the most starch?

A) 1 medium orange
B) 1 cup of kidney beans
C) 8 fluid ounces of milk
D) 4 ounces of meat

Question 57

The glycemic load takes into account the glycemic index of the food and the amount of

A) carbohydrate consumed.
B) glucose absorbed.
C) insulin released from the pancreas.
D) glycogen stored.

Question 58

Viscous (soluble) fibers

A) increase stool size significantly.
B) are not readily fermented by intestinal bacteria.
C) do not dissolve in water.
D) can lower blood cholesterol.

Question 59

Those with lactose intolerance usually can consume all the following except

A) small servings of milk products.
B) some cheeses.
C) yogurt containing active cultures.
D) milk shakes made with skim milk.

Question 60

Which of the following is not a viscous (soluble) fiber?

A) Lignin
B) Gums
C) Pectin
D) Mucilages

Question 61

Medical conditions related to metabolic syndrome are

A) Type 1 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer.
B) Type 1 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke.
C) Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke.
D) Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer.

Question 62

Which of the following is not a metabolic syndrome risk indicator?

A) High blood pressure
B) High HDL cholesterol
C) Elevated glucose
D) Elevated triglycerides

Question 63

What is the minimum number of grams of carbohydrate, per day, humans must consume to avoid ketosis?

A) 75
B) 100
C) 130
D) 250

Question 64

The most important dietary approach for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is to

A) lose body fat.
B) eat regular meals.
C) maintain a constant ratio of carbohydrate to protein to fat throughout the day.
D) avoid sugar.

Question 65

John Fibernugget wants to increase his fiber intake. Which of the following would be the safest way for him do this?

A) Eating enriched grains such as Rice Krispies and Saltines
B) Buying bran and fiber supplements to add to his current diet
C) Reading the labels of grain products and buying those labeled "wheat flour"
D) Eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels

Question 66

Which of the following is not a rich source of viscous (soluble) fibers?

A) Fruits
B) Oatmeal
C) Whole wheat bread
D) Legumes

Question 67

A reasonable and recommended goal for daily dietary fiber intake is how many grams?

A) 10 to 12
B) 15 to 30
C) 20 to 34
D) 25 to 38

Question 68

All of the following are characteristic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus except

A) arises most commonly in adulthood.
B) caused by insensitivity of fat and muscle cells to insulin.
C) often associated with obesity.
D) the least common form of diabetes.

Question 69

Dietary fiber may play a key role in the prevention of which cancer?

A) Colon
B) Liver
C) Pancreatic
D) Stomach

Question 70

Sucralose (Splenda®) is ______ times sweeter than sucrose.

A) 100
B) 250
C) 500
D) 600

Question 71

When eating a high-fiber diet one should

A) restrict fluid intake.
B) not be concerned about consuming large amounts.
C) avoid foods that are not whole grain.
D) increase fluid intake.

Question 72

Which of the following foods would have the most fiber?

A) Kidney beans
B) English muffins made with enriched flour
C) Orange juice
D) Corn flakes

Question 73

If you had the condition phenylketonuria, which should you not use?

A) Stevia
B) Aspartame
C) High fructose corn syrup
D) Saccharin

Question 74

Sucralose (Splenda®) is made by adding

A) lactose to sucrose.
B) chlorines to sucrose.
C) sucrose to galactose.
D) sucrose to glucose.

Question 75

Which of the following is not characteristic of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?

A) Arises most commonly in adulthood
B) Associated with a tendency to develop ketosis
C) Sometimes caused by viral infection
D) Has a genetic link

Question 76

The World Health Organization recommends limiting added sugar intake to ______ percent of our total kcalories.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25

Question 77

Which of the following breakfasts would be highest in carbohydrate?

A) Grapefruit half, 2 fried eggs, 3 bacon slices, 1 slice of toast with butter, coffee
B) 8 ounces orange juice, 2 cups Cream of Wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, English muffin with jelly, 1 cup whole milk
C) 8 ounces orange juice, 2 bran muffins, 8 ounces nonfat yogurt, coffee
D) 1 cup whole milk, 2 ounces sausage, 2 fried eggs, 1 slice of toast with butter