Deck 12: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema

Question 1

The management of COPD may include:
1) annual influenza immunization.
2) bronchopulmonary hygiene procedures.
3) bronchodilators.
4) smoking cessation.

A) 1, 2
B) 2, 3
C) 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Answer 1

1, 2, 3, 4

Question 2

The genetic reference to a person with a normal level of a?-antitrypsin is _____ phenotype.

A) Z
B) MZ
C) MM
D) ZZ

Answer 2

MM

Question 3

According to the GOLD report, which of the following is the greatest worldwide risk factor for COPD?

A) Exposure to fungal spores in the soil
B) Genetic predisposition
C) Exposure to influenza viruses
D) Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke

Answer 3

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke

Question 4

A genetically linked cause of panlobular emphysema is:

A) bronchiectasis.
B) a1-antitrypsin deficiency.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) bronchial asthma.

Question 5

Which of the following clinical manifestations are associated with late-stage chronic bronchitis?
1) Rhonchi
2) Cor pulmonale
3) Digital clubbing
4) Stocky, overweight build

A) 1, 2
B) 2, 3
C) 1, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 6

Emphysema may be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) inhaling asbestos fibers.
B) a1-antitrypsin deficiency.
C) secondhand cigarette smoke.
D) air pollution.

Question 7

Which of the following are clinical findings associated with chronic bronchitis?
1) Cyanosis
2) Purulent sputum
3) Right heart failure
4) Elevated CO₂ level

A) 1, 2
B) 3, 4
C) 1, 3
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 8

Which of the following clinical manifestations would be expected in a patient with emphysema?
1) Polycythemia
2) Barrel chest
3) Pursed-lip breathing
4) Normal percussion note

A) 1, 4
B) 2, 3
C) 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 9

According to GOLD, at what age can the initial diagnosis of COPD be made?

A) 35 years
B) 40 years
C) 45 years
D) 50 years

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the diffusing capacity test (DLCO) findings in a patient with COPD?

A) Normal in all cases
B) Decreased in emphysema
C) Decreased in chronic bronchitis
D) Increased in all cases

Question 11

Which of the following terms is (are) commonly applied to a patient with emphysema?
1) Pink puffer
2) Blue bloater
3) Type A COPD
4) Type B COPD

A) 1
B) 2
C) 1, 3
D) 2, 4

Question 12

In the United States, the primary factor leading to the development of COPD is:

A) a1-antitrypsin deficiency.
B) recurrent respiratory infections.
C) socioeconomic status.
D) tobacco smoking.

Question 13

Which of the following are pathologic alterations found with emphysema?
1) Air trapping and hyperinflation
2) Mucus plugs
3) Decreased surface area for gas exchange
4) Weakened respiratory bronchioles

A) 1, 2
B) 2, 4
C) 1, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 14

What is the term for the inward movement of the lateral chest wall during inspiration?

A) Truman's sign
B) Burton's sign
C) Carr's sign
D) Hoover's sign

Question 15

Which of the following are used to confirm the diagnosis of COPD?
1) Presence of a chronic cough
2) Chronic exposure to environmental smoke
3) FEV₁/FVC ratio greater than 0.70
4) FEV₁ <80%

A) 1, 2
B) 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3
D) 1, 3, 4

Question 16

Which of the following are anatomic alterations found with chronic bronchitis?
1) Increased size of submucosal bronchial glands
2) Destruction of pulmonary capillaries
3) Chronic bronchial wall inflammation and thickening
4) Bronchospasm

A) 2, 3
B) 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3
D) 1, 3, 4

Question 17

Which of the following statements accurately describe(s) emphysema?
1) It is characterized by alveolar wall destruction.
2) It is most closely associated with cystic fibrosis.
3) It is reversible and preventable.
4) It is characterized by thick secretions and mucus plugging.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 1, 3
D) 1, 2, 4