Deck 2: Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Atoms that share electrons have what type of bonds?

A) covalent
B) neutral
C) hydrogen
D) colloidal
E) ionic

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Be has an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 9. How many protons does it have?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 9
D) 13
E) 7

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which type of bond is responsible for holding two water molecules together creating the properties of water?

A) hydrogen
B) covalent
C) ionic
D) polar
E) double covalent

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What substance is used in medicine to produce various images of organs and tissues?

A) A mixture
B) A tracer
C) An emulsion
D) A colloid
E) A sensor

Question 5

Radiation can produce both positive and negative effects for humans.

Question 6

What is the symbol for sodium?

A) Na
B) S
C) So
D) N
E) Dm

Question 7

Carbon dating is a common method employed in dating certain kinds of fossils. It is based upon the radioactive decay of an isotope of carbon (C¹⁴). Referring to the atomic number of carbon attained from the periodic table, how many neutrons does C¹⁴ have?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 12
E) 14

Question 8

In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number

A) of electrons.
B) of neutrons.
C) of neutrons and protons.
D) of quarks.
E) of neutrinos.

Question 9

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called

A) an isotope.
B) a nucleus.
C) an atom.
D) a molecular bond.
E) a neutrino.

Question 10

CaCl₂ is a salt that forms as the result of what type of bond?

A) covalent
B) hydrogen
C) polar
D) non-polar
E) ionic

Question 11

Which of the following elements will have more than 2 electrons and have a full outer orbital?

A) He
B) Ne
C) C
D) N
E) O

Question 12

Water makes up 60-70% of total body weight.

Question 13

A combination of two or more atoms of the same type is called

A) an atomic unit.
B) a molecule.
C) a compound.
D) an isotope.
E) an ion.

Question 14

The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of

A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) protons and neutrons.
E) protons and electrons.

Question 15

Ca₃(PO₄)₂ represents a/an

A) element.
B) mixture.
C) compound.
D) isotope.
E) atom.

Question 16

Why is He positioned above Ne in the periodic table?

A) They both have the same atomic mass.
B) They both have the same number of electrons in their outermost orbital.
C) They both have a full outermost orbital.
D) They both have the same atomic number.
E) They both have the same number of protons in their nuclei.

Question 17

Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of

A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) both protons and electrons.
E) neutrinos.

Question 18

An element cannot be broken down by chemical means.

Question 19

How many elements occur naturally?

A) 112
B) 92
C) 64
D) 32
E) 6

Question 20

Hydrogen bonds

A) result from the loss of neutrons by an atom.
B) result in the formation of salts.
C) involve the loss and gain of electrons.
D) involve the sharing of electrons.
E) are relatively weak and can be broken rather easily.

Question 21

If a person is looking to eat a breakfast that will help supply them with energy for the entire course of the day, which of the following foods would they want to include?

A) pancakes with maple syrup
B) bacon, eggs, and toast
C) cup of coffee and a donut
D) bowl of grapes and a glass of milk
E) All of these choices would provide the same potential for all day energy.

Question 22

NaCl is not an organic molecule.

Question 23

Sugars with three to seven carbon atoms are called

A) monosaccharides.
B) disaccharides.
C) trisaccharides.
D) polysaccharides.
E) steroids.

Question 24

On a warm day in April, Tina jumped into the swimming pool. To her surprise the water was really cold. Which property of water did she discover?

A) Water molecules are cohesive.
B) The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.
C) Water possesses hydrogen bonds.
D) Water is a polar molecule.
E) Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.

Question 25

William noticed water mysteriously climbing up a capillary tube. This is an example of which property of water?

A) Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.
B) The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.
C) Water molecules are cohesive.
D) Water has a high heat of vaporization.
E) Water is a solvent.

Question 26

Joining small molecules (monomers) together to form longer chains (polymers) requires a process called

A) a hydrolysis reaction.
B) a dehydration reaction.
C) monomerization.
D) emulsification.
E) disassembly.

Question 27

A hydrolysis reaction involves the loss of water.

Question 28

A solution with a pH of 7 has 10 times as many H⁺ as a pH of 6.

Question 29

In an acidic solution

A) the number of H⁺ is less than the number of OH^-.
B) the number of H⁺ is greater than the number of OH^-.
C) the number of H⁺ is equal to the number of OH^-.
D) the number of H⁺ is 3 times less than the number of OH^-.
E) the number of H⁺ is 10 times less than the number of OH^-.

Question 30

Which of the following characteristics of water is most responsible for the sinking of the Titanic?

A) Water is liquid at room temperature.
B) Water has a high heat of vaporization.
C) The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.
D) Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.
E) Water molecules are cohesive.

Question 31

What passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage?

A) Maltose
B) Glucose
C) Glycogen
D) Starch
E) Cellulose

Question 32

The reason water is polar is because

A) in polar molecules atoms share electrons evenly.
B) the oxygen atom is larger than the hydrogen atom.
C) hydrophilic molecules interact with water.
D) hydrophobic molecules do not interact with water.
E) there is a transfer of electrons from the hydrogen to the oxygen.

Question 33

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

A) glucose
B) fructose
C) galactose
D) maltose
E) None of these are monosaccharides.

Question 34

In biology, calling something organic means that it was grown without the use of any type of herbicide.

Question 35

After lunch our digestive system will use the process of hydrolysis to break the food down into smaller subunits.

Question 36

Which polysacccharide is stored as an energy source in the body of animals?

A) glycogen
B) glucose
C) cellulose
D) starch
E) chitin

Question 37

A solution containing 0.00001 moles of H⁺ has a pH of

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9
E) 11

Question 38

Which grouping of elements is found in carbohydrates?

A) C - H - O
B) C - H - P
C) H - O - Cl
D) N - S - O
E) Ca - H - O

Question 39

Which of the following is not one of the four classes of organic molecules found in cells?

A) vitamins
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates
E) nucleic acids

Question 40

The presence of a buffer in our blood is an example of homeostasis.

Question 41

Which of the following is not a function of proteins?

A) quick energy
B) support
C) transport
D) enzymes
E) motion

Question 42

A fat contains how many fatty acids?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 43

The main function of carbohydrates is for long-term energy storage.

Question 44

Fats are usually of animal origin while oils are usually of plant origin.

Question 45

The monomer unit of a protein is

A) fatty acids.
B) amino acids.
C) monosaccharides.
D) polysaccharides.
E) nucleic acids.

Question 46

Fats and oils function better than other biological molecules as energy-storage molecules because of the carbon they contain.

Question 47

Our body is capable of converting starch into glycogen.

Question 48

When two amino acids combine via a dehydration reaction,

A) a peptide bond is formed.
B) the R groups are lost.
C) water is added to begin the reaction.
D) the carboxyl group of each join together.
E) the amino group of each join together.

Question 49

Which level of protein structure is characterized by alpha and beta sheets in which hydrogen bonding holds the shape in place?

A) secondary structure
B) primary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure
E) pentagonal structure

Question 50

A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms is considered

A) saturated.
B) unsaturated.
C) trans unsaturated.
D) a cholestrol.
E) a steroid.

Question 51

Which of the following foods would be a good source of fiber?

A) All of these are good sources of fiber.
B) peaches
C) whole wheat bread
D) peanuts
E) bran cereal

Question 52

An alpha helix or a beta sheet are examples of what level of protein structure?

A) secondary
B) primary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) octagon

Question 53

What makes each amino acid unique?

A) the central carbon
B) the R group
C) the amino group
D) the carboxyl group
E) the carbon ring

Question 54

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that

A) they are all made of glucose.
B) they contain the same number of side chains.
C) they have the same types of bonds between the monomer units.
D) they are all found in animals.
E) they can all be digested by our bodies.

Question 55

Which polysaccharide is branched the most?

A) cellulose
B) starch
C) glycogen
D) glucose
E) fructose

Question 56

Which polysaccharide is consumed as a source of fiber?

A) cellulose
B) glycogen
C) glucose
D) chitin
E) starch

Question 57

The sex hormones belong to which category of lipids?

A) steroids
B) fats
C) oils
D) triglycerides
E) phospholipids

Question 58

How are fats, phospholipids, and steroids alike?

A) They are all solid at room temperature.
B) They each contain a polar phosphate group.
C) They each contain only 1 fatty acid.
D) They do not dissolve in water.
E) They all contain at least one carbon ring.

Question 59

The membranes of cells are composed of

A) phospholipids.
B) fats.
C) oils.
D) steroids.
E) triglycerides.

Question 60

Why does a protein not function after it has been denatured?

A) The normal bonding between the R groups has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape.
B) The normal bonding between the beta sheets has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape.
C) The normal bonding between the hydrogens in the alpha helix has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape.
D) The R groups form additional bonds causing the structure to become more compact.
E) The normal peptide bonds are ruptured and the individual amino acids are not held together any more.

Question 61

All amino acids are alike in that their R groups are polar.

Question 62

ATP carries energy in the form of high-energy

A) carbohydrate bonds.
B) peptide bonds.
C) lipid bonds.
D) phosphate bonds.
E) hydrogen bonds

Question 63

List the properties of water.

Question 64

ATP is called the energy currency of the body because it is a type of electricity.

Question 65

Describe the structure and function of the DNA molecule.

Question 66

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA?

A) cytosine
B) thymine
C) uracil
D) guanine
E) adenine

Question 67

The primary level of protein structure is composed of amino acids in a linear sequence joined by peptide bonds.

Question 68

List the function of proteins that are formed from a combination of amino acids.

Question 69

The sides of the DNA ladder (backbone) are

A) alternating carbons and nitrogens.
B) the R groups.
C) the nitrogenous bases.
D) alternating nitrogens and phosphates.
E) sugars and phosphates.

Question 70

A species has 29% of its DNA composed of the nucleotide containing guanine (G). What percent does the nitrogen base thymine (T) equal?

A) 58%
B) 42%
C) 21%
D) 67%
E) 29%

Question 71

When an ATP molecule is used to supply energy, which of the following occurs?

A) a phosphate bond is added
B) a phosphate bond is broken
C) oxygen is removed
D) oxygen is added
E) an adenine is added

Question 72

The function of RNA in the body is to store the genetic information in the nucleus.

Question 73

Which of the following is not present in a nucleotide?

A) phosphate
B) nitrogenous base
C) 5 ring sugar
D) an R group
E) a pentose